On the Ecological Evaluation of Iranian Secondary Schools English Language Course Books in Light Intercultural Communicative Competence： Knowledge, Skills, and Attitude

With the spread of English language around the world and its status as an international language, the need for more communication is felt. One pivoting aspect of this communication is the role of culture which can contribute to the success of communication at the global level and the co-construction of identities as individuals from different parts of the world get into interactions. Thus, the role of materials developed for learning English, especially the local ones, in the improvement of individuals＇ intercultural competence is significant. New course books for learning English at Iranian secondary schools entitled Prospect series have been developed recently. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the first and the second books of this series in light of Byram＇s model of Intercultural Communicative Competence （1CC）. Based on this model, ICC consists of three dimensions of attitude, knowledge, skills, and five saviors of knowledge, attitude, discovery, interaction, and critical thinking. To do the evaluation of the course books, the checklist developed based on these five saviors was used to evaluate the tasks for each unit of the books. The evaluation was done separately by each of the researchers in the study and inter-rater reliability showed a high level of Cronbach alpha. The findings indicated that about 90 percent of the activities of Prospect 1 and Prospect 2 lack the skills required for improving English language learners＇ ICC. They mostly focus on Iranian culture which might have been improved via learners＇ first language as well. This might imply the need for the adaptation of Prospect series activities in light of ICC so that Iranian English language learners can take advantage of their communication with the rest of the world.

LKPNR: Large Language Models and Knowledge Graph for Personalized News Recommendation Framework

Accurately recommending candidate news to users is a basic challenge of personalized news recommendation systems.Traditional methods are usually difficult to learn and acquire complex semantic information in news texts,resulting in unsatisfactory recommendation results.Besides,these traditional methods are more friendly to active users with rich historical behaviors.However,they can not effectively solve the long tail problem of inactive users.To address these issues,this research presents a novel general framework that combines Large Language Models(LLM)and Knowledge Graphs(KG)into traditional methods.To learn the contextual information of news text,we use LLMs’powerful text understanding ability to generate news representations with rich semantic information,and then,the generated news representations are used to enhance the news encoding in traditional methods.In addition,multi-hops relationship of news entities is mined and the structural information of news is encoded using KG,thus alleviating the challenge of long-tail distribution.Experimental results demonstrate that compared with various traditional models,on evaluation indicators such as AUC,MRR,nDCG@5 and nDCG@10,the framework significantly improves the recommendation performance.The successful integration of LLM and KG in our framework has established a feasible way for achieving more accurate personalized news recommendation.Our code is available at https://github.com/Xuan-ZW/LKPNR.

Influencing Factors of Communicative Language Teaching:A Student Perspective from English Majors

Nowadays,the Communicative Language Teaching Approach has gained significant popularity in the field of foreign language teaching.However,there appears to be a stagnation in its application effects.Therefore,this thesis aims to investigate the present state of CLT implementation and identify the factors influencing its execution within English major classrooms at Chinese universities from a student perspective.30 students responded to the questionnaire and 5 students participated in interviews to provide detailed insights.Through analysis,it was observed that CLT has been widely used in English classes and received positive feedback from students.Factors including the Test-oriented Educational system,teacher factors,student factors,and the Chinese traditional Confucius idea about teaching have an important impact on its implementation.Additionally,this article offers potential recommendations aimed at reconciling the CLT Approach with the Chinese educational context.

Knowledge Graph Analysis of International Chinese Language Textbooks Based on CiteSpace

Drawing upon relevant papers from Chinese core journals and CSSCI source journals in the CNKI China Academic Journals Full-Text Database spanning from 1992 to 2023,this study utilizes CiteSpace as a research tool to visually analyze the knowledge graph structure of research on international Chinese language textbooks in China.The study maps out the publication timeline,authors,institutions,collaborative networks,and keywords pertaining to research on international Chinese language textbooks.The findings indicate that research on international Chinese language textbooks commenced early and continues to maintain a certain level of research interest,yet lacks sufficient research output.Research institutions predominantly reside in universities and publishing groups specializing in language or education,with collaboration between institutions being relatively scarce.High-frequency keywords in recent research on international Chinese language textbooks include“Chinese language textbooks for the Foreigners,”“Chinese language textbooks,”“Teaching Chinese Language for the Foreigners,”“Textbook compilation,”“International Chinese Language Education and Localization,”which reflect a diversified research perspective with interdisciplinary trends.Future research priorities encompass research on localization,customization of textbooks,and evaluation of textbooks which represent forefront directions of research.

Methodology Analysis——Comment on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

Language teaching approaches are always changing according to social needs for various talents and there is no exception for Communicative Language Teaching(CLT).From 1960s,people become more and more interested in communicative function of languages.Communicative Competence,Functional Linguistics,Speech Act Theory and related learning theories help the CLT form the teaching aim of cultivating students'communicative ability.Scholars start to regard language communicative competence as the final teaching purpose.This article will explore CLT in terms of language teaching views,advantages and disadvantages.What is more,it comes to the following conclusions:there exists no language teaching approach that is absolutely superior,including CLT.Language teachers should use different approaches flexibly so as to reach the teaching aim.

Communicative Language Teaching in the English Classroom

The communicative approach is very much in vogue at present both at home and abroad.This paper,while discussing the problems that exist in the English classrooms in China,focuses on the factors that influence the communication between people not only of different cultures but also of different genders,professions,and ages etc.And the author discusses the communicative language teaching methods in the English classroom.This paper analyzes the communicative approach mainly from three perspectives,linguistic,psycholinguistic,and the pragmatic perspective.And the author analyzes the factors that influence the communication between people mainly in classroom.

A Study of the English Oral Tests in Light of the Communicative Language Testing Theory

Speaking,as a productive skill,is a priority for many foreign-language learners.They often evaluate their success in language learning on the basis of how much they feel they have improved in their spoken language proficiency.Consequently,testing of oral skills has hardly been neglected in college English examination.The communicative testing theory in 1970s greatly influenced language testing,especially the oral tests.This essay briefly explores the theory of communicative language testing and discusses the methods of TOEFL oral test and college English oral test and proposes ways to the latter one for further improve ment.

Review about Communicative and Task:Based Language Teaching in East Asian Classrooms

William Littlewood in Communicative and Task-based Language Teaching in East Asian Classrooms(2007) points out the problems in implementing CLT and TBLT in the East Asian classrooms,Then he gives his ideas "how teachers adapt rather than adopt". Later he puts forward some conceptual uncertainties. Finally he comes to the conclusion. The article is well written,and delicately structured. Littlewood has carried out profound research and survey in East Asian countries,however,he didn't give us some measures to solve the problems. Also his conclusion is only a framework and no supporting details,quite general and vague. What I can do is to add some measures to solve the problems in CLT and TBLT in classrooms esp. in China.

Questionnaire Survey Research on CET-4 Writing Section in Light of Communicative Language Testing

This paper is to investigate whether the CET-4 writing section has positive effect in terms of Communicative Language Testing.The questionnaire survey method is adopted to carry out the research to collect data.It is concluded that currently the CET-4 writing section has certain harmful effect upon English learning of college non-English major students.Further reforms and improvement from the perspective of communicative language testing concerning the scoring criteria and the design of the task should be the focus of the future.

Applying Communicative Language Teching to Improve English Teching Effectiveness in Higher Vocational Colleges

Communicative language teaching(CLT),as a language teaching approach,aiming at teaching second languages for the ultimate goal of communication,has been known and widely practiced by Chinese teachers in their English teaching.But due to the limitations of both students and teachers,CLT is not executed successfully in quite a lot of higher vocational colleges.To carry it out successfully in English classrooms,the following important factors should be seriously taken into account:understanding communicative competence,class instruction in English pragmatics,teachers' role in CLT and assessment of communicative language ability.Hopefully,through discussion of these key aspects of CLT,guiding effect can be produced on improving teaching efficiency through CLT from the perspective of teachers.

A Reconsideration of Communicative Language Teaching in Vocational College English Instruction for Non-English Majors

This thesis investigates vocational college English teachers’perceptions and attitudes toward CLT,revealed the obstacles and difficulties teachers encountered in the application of CLT in vocational English classroom.Meanwhile,this research attempts to explore how the apply CLT effectively in China.

A Brief Discussion on Communicative Language Testing

This paper shows some points of view on communicative language ability and issues of processing an effective communicative language test. Different considerations are given in different stages both from aspects of validity and reliability. All the processes are involved in considering the characteristics of communicative language test and special needs from communicative language ability. Different from other kinds of tests, it pays much more attention to context, precision measurement and criterion.

Knowledge Representation and Semantic Inference of Process Based on Ontology and Semantic Web Rule Language

The process inference cannot be achieved effectively by the traditional expert system,while the ontology and semantic technology could provide better solution to the knowledge acquisition and intelligent inference of expert system.The application mode of ontology and semantic technology on the process parameters recommendation are mainly investigated.Firstly,the content about ontology,semantic web rule language(SWRL)rules and the relative inference engine are introduced.Then,the inference method about process based on ontology technology and the SWRL rule is proposed.The construction method of process ontology base and the writing criterion of SWRL rule are described later.Finally,the results of inference are obtained.The mode raised could offer the reference to the construction of process knowledge base as well as the expert system's reusable process rule library.

Ontology-supported and XML-based knowledge description language

Differences in the structure and semantics of knowledge that is created and maintained by the various actors on the World Wide Web make its exchange and utilization a problematic task. This is an important issue facing organizations undertaking knowledge management initiatives. An XML-based and ontology-supported knowledge description language (KDL) is presented, which has three-tier structure (core KDL, extended KDL and complex KDL), and takes advantages of strong point of ontology, XML, description logics, frame-based systems. And then, the framework and XML based syntax of KDL are introduced, and the methods of translating KDL into first order logic (FOL) are presented. At last, the implementation of KDL on the Web is described, and the reasoning ability of KDL proved by experiment is illustrated in detail.

Teaching English Grammar Through Communicative Language Teaching Approach

Grammar is an important part of language learning. In order for students to have a functional knowledge of a language (in other words, that they can spontaneously produce language) they must have at least some knowledge about the grammatical constructs of the language in question. How grammar can be taught? Considering various second language teaching methods, teaching grammar through Communicative Language Teaching Approach is the most talked. Emphasis in this article is put on the application of Communicative Language Teaching Approach in grammar teaching in college English classes.

Sentence,Phrase,and Triple Annotations to Build a Knowledge Graph of Natural Language Processing Contributions—A Trial Dataset

Purpose:This work aims to normalize the NLPCONTRIBUTIONS scheme(henceforward,NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH)to structure,directly from article sentences,the contributions information in Natural Language Processing(NLP)scholarly articles via a two-stage annotation methodology:1)pilot stage-to define the scheme(described in prior work);and 2)adjudication stage-to normalize the graphing model(the focus of this paper).Design/methodology/approach:We re-annotate,a second time,the contributions-pertinent information across 50 prior-annotated NLP scholarly articles in terms of a data pipeline comprising:contribution-centered sentences,phrases,and triple statements.To this end,specifically,care was taken in the adjudication annotation stage to reduce annotation noise while formulating the guidelines for our proposed novel NLP contributions structuring and graphing scheme.Findings:The application of NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH on the 50 articles resulted finally in a dataset of 900 contribution-focused sentences,4,702 contribution-information-centered phrases,and 2,980 surface-structured triples.The intra-annotation agreement between the first and second stages,in terms of F1-score,was 67.92%for sentences,41.82%for phrases,and 22.31%for triple statements indicating that with increased granularity of the information,the annotation decision variance is greater.Research limitations:NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH has limited scope for structuring scholarly contributions compared with STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,and Medicine)scholarly knowledge at large.Further,the annotation scheme in this work is designed by only an intra-annotator consensus-a single annotator first annotated the data to propose the initial scheme,following which,the same annotator reannotated the data to normalize the annotations in an adjudication stage.However,the expected goal of this work is to achieve a standardized retrospective model of capturing NLP contributions from scholarly articles.This would entail a larger initiative of enlisting multiple annotators to accommodate different worldviews into a“single”set of structures and relationships as the final scheme.Given that the initial scheme is first proposed and the complexity of the annotation task in the realistic timeframe,our intraannotation procedure is well-suited.Nevertheless,the model proposed in this work is presently limited since it does not incorporate multiple annotator worldviews.This is planned as future work to produce a robust model.Practical implications:We demonstrate NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH data integrated into the Open Research Knowledge Graph(ORKG),a next-generation KG-based digital library with intelligent computations enabled over structured scholarly knowledge,as a viable aid to assist researchers in their day-to-day tasks.Originality/value:NLPCONTRIBUTIONGRAPH is a novel scheme to annotate research contributions from NLP articles and integrate them in a knowledge graph,which to the best of our knowledge does not exist in the community.Furthermore,our quantitative evaluations over the two-stage annotation tasks offer insights into task difficulty.

Communicative Language Testing of Speaking

Testing speaking ability offers plenty of scope for meeting the criteria for communicative testing.The article describes the model of CLA,analyzes basic factors involved in speaking competence,discusses what is a communicative language test of speaking,and suggests some factors that should be taken into consideration when designing a communicative language test of speaking.

On Pragmatic Change of nihao in Present-day China and Its Implication in Communicative Language Teaching

The current paper presents the linguistic analysis of a Chinese greeting “nihao” in both literature and reality, and compares the practical use of “nihao” by both native and non-native Chinese speakers, which leads to a discussion of some existing problems observed in foreign language teaching and learning. The problems include overuse and overgeneralization of certain words and expressions, and lack of use of some others. These problems are caused by the deficient exposure to authentic (non-)linguistic setting. The study may provide a further understanding of the communicative method of teaching and learning a different language.

Integration of Cross-cultural Awareness Acquisition into Communicative Language Teaching

In order to improve their abilities in cross-cultural communication, language learners should develop not only their language competence, but also communicative competence. Therefore, the integration of cross-cultural awareness acquisition into communicative language teaching is quite necessary. And some practical measures of cultivating cultural creativity are introduced to help language learners to develop communicative competence.

Practical Student-centered Activities of Communicative Language Teaching——Unit 2 Text A :Animals(21st Century College English Book II)

English plays a very important role in our daily life and has been a world language for decades, as the global economy is developing so fast nowadays, the learners of English have already realized that the main purpose to learn English is to communicate properly in their real life with the people from other culture, but not to memorize those boring grammar rules and terrible vocabularies which will appear in their English examinations. Consequently, it has become an important task for English teachers to think about how to develop students' language abilities for real communication. Nowadays, Communicative Language Teaching(CLT) has become a very popular teaching approach in China. CLT pays a lot attention to the social and functional elements in language daily use.