Genome Editing as A Versatile Tool to Improve Horticultural Crop Qualities

The quality traits of horticultural crops,including the accumulation of nutrients and flavor substances,morphology,and texture,affect the palatability and nutritional value.For many years,efforts have been made to improve the quality of horticultural crops.The recent establishment of gene editing technology,with its potential applications in horticultural crops,provides a strategy for achieving this goal in a rapid and efficient manner.Here,we summarize research efforts aimed at improving horticultural crop quality through genome editing.We describe specific genome editing systems that have been used and traits that have been targeted in these efforts.Additionally,we discuss limiting factors and future perspectives of genome editing technology in improving horticultural crop qualities in both research and plant breeding.In summary,genome editing technology is emerging as a powerful tool for efficiently and rapidly improving horticultural crop quality,and we believe that the cautious application of genome editing in horticultural crops will generate new germplasms with improved quality in the near future.

Can ChatGPT evaluate research quality?

Purpose:Assess whether ChatGPT 4.0 is accurate enough to perform research evaluations on journal articles to automate this time-consuming task.Design/methodology/approach:Test the extent to which ChatGPT-4 can assess the quality of journal articles using a case study of the published scoring guidelines of the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021 to create a research evaluation ChatGPT.This was applied to 51 of my own articles and compared against my own quality judgements.Findings:ChatGPT-4 can produce plausible document summaries and quality evaluation rationales that match the REF criteria.Its overall scores have weak correlations with my self-evaluation scores of the same documents(averaging r=0.281 over 15 iterations,with 8 being statistically significantly different from 0).In contrast,the average scores from the 15 iterations produced a statistically significant positive correlation of 0.509.Thus,averaging scores from multiple ChatGPT-4 rounds seems more effective than individual scores.The positive correlation may be due to ChatGPT being able to extract the author’s significance,rigour,and originality claims from inside each paper.If my weakest articles are removed,then the correlation with average scores(r=0.200)falls below statistical significance,suggesting that ChatGPT struggles to make fine-grained evaluations.Research limitations:The data is self-evaluations of a convenience sample of articles from one academic in one field.Practical implications:Overall,ChatGPT does not yet seem to be accurate enough to be trusted for any formal or informal research quality evaluation tasks.Research evaluators,including journal editors,should therefore take steps to control its use.Originality/value:This is the first published attempt at post-publication expert review accuracy testing for ChatGPT.

Research on the Evaluation Method of Teaching Quality of Chinese as a Foreign Language Based on Immersion Teaching

With the development of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, the teaching level of teachers of Chinese as a foreign language is constantly improving. Teachers of Chinese as a foreign language are the messengers of Chinese culture and represent the image of China. Therefore, the quality of teaching Chinese as a foreign language teachers plays a vital role in the quality of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Immersion teaching method is a relatively successful teaching method in the field of foreign bilingual teaching. It opens a new door for teaching Chinese as a foreign language and plays an important role in improving students' ability to use Chinese. This paper comprehensively evaluates the teaching of Chinese as a whole based on immersive teaching, and calculates the data after evaluation of the evaluation index system to ensure the scientific and accurate evaluation results. Finally, it is proposed that the countermeasures should be improved from the three aspects of classroom teaching, the quality of Chinese teachers and the overall quality of the team of Chinese as a foreign language.

Impact of Languages and Accent on Perceived Speech Quality Predicted by Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) and Perceptual Objective Listening Quality Assessment (POLQA): Case of Moore, Dioula, French and English

Perceptual Objective Listening Quality Assessment (POLQA) and Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) are commonly used objective standards for evaluating speech quality. These methods were developed and trained on native speakers’ speech sequences of some western languages. One can then wonder how these methods perform if they are applied to other languages or if the speaker is non-native. This paper deals with the evaluation of PESQ and POLQA on languages that were not been considered when setting up these methods, with emphasis on Moore and Dioula, two local languages of Burkina Faso. Another aspect is the evaluation of these two methods in the case of non-native speakers. For this purpose, in the one hand, the Mean Opinion Score-Listening Quality Objective (MOS-LQO) of PESQ and POLQA, computed for Moore and Dioula, are compared to those of French and English. On the second hand, the MOS-LQO scores of French and English are compared for native and non-native speakers, to evaluate the effect of the accent of speakers.

The Importance of High-Quality Russian Language Services

"High-level opening up"and"high-quality development"are important development goals and directions of China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.Heilongjiang,as the largest and oldest province open to Russia,has a long history of communication and plays a vanguard role.However,the province's geographical advantages are weakening under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid development of the internet industry.Facing the new era,maintaining and enhancing the regional advantages of the province has become an urgent issue that requires attention.This study takes the Russian language service in Heilongjiang Province as the subject,combines theory with practice through theoretical elaboration and historical analysis,as well as tries to provide reference for improving the language service system in Heilongjiang Province and enhancing its regional advantages.This study believes that a high-quality language service plays an important role in solving the issue.It is necessary to fully understand and apply the essential power of language,be more aware of the importance of Russian language services,build a sound ecosystem of language services,give full play to the traditional advantages of the"Russian"in this province,and finally assume "Russian language services"as the"golden banner"for the development of language services,economy,and culture in the province.

Towards Exploring Patterns of Editing Behavior on OpenStreetMap

OpenStreetMap has a large number of volunteers.There is a hypothesis that volunteers with different cultural backgrounds may have different editing behaviors when contributing to OSM.It may be strongly related to data quality and data reliability on OSM.As for the heterogeneity and the reliability of OSM data,previous research usually focuses on the geometric accuracy,spatial location accuracy and semantic integrity of OSM data,while few researchers have analyzed these problems from the perspective of editing behavior.On the grounds of relationship between mapping motivation and editing behavior,the dispersion of editing trajectory and clockwise direction index are proposed in the paper to explore whether the volunteers are sufficiently motivated and knowledgeable.In the experiments,the historical OSM data of four countries suggested that developed countries have lower trajectory dispersion.The lower degree of trajectory dispersion reflects the higher concentration and professionalism of volunteers.A high degree of drawing direction consistency shows volunteers who mapped French data were natives with local knowledge.From this point of view,this paper verifies that volunteer editing behavior is an effective method to analyze data quality heterogeneity and data reliability.

Integrity of the editing and publishing process is the basis for improving an academic journal’s Impact Factor

BACKGROUND Journal Impact Factor™(JIF)is often used to evaluate the relative reputation and quality of academic journals in their respective fields,and can greatly influence the quality and scope of subsequent manuscript submissions.Therefore,many if not all academic journals are interested in increasing their JIF,to improve their academic impact.AIM To determine the importance of the integrity of the editorial and publication process in improving the academic influence of academic journals and the JIF of academic journals.METHODS In this paper,we describe our statistical analysis of bibliometric factors-including the 2021 JIFs released in the Journal Citation Report™2022,discipline rankings,received and published articles in 2019-2021,and webpage visits and downloads-for seven journals published by Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng)and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded™;ultimately,we introduce and discuss the editing and publishing processes of Baishideng’s journals in their entirety,as they form the basis for our objective of safeguarding and bolstering integrity in academic publication.RESULTS For the seven journals assessed,their 2021 JIFs were basically unchanged from 2020,with the current metric ranging from 5.374 for World Journal of Gastroenterology(WJG)to 1.534 for World Journal of Clinical Cases(WJCC).Further assessments of the journals’bibliometrics from 2019 to 2020,showed that World Journal of Stem Cells has the highest self-citation rate(1.43%)and World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery has the lowest(0.21%).Additionally,the total 3012 articles published during this period were cited by more than 20000 articles in approximately 8000 academic journals.Of note,the 1102 articles published in WJG were cited by articles in 3059 journals,among which 171 journals have a JIF of>10,including internationally renowned academic journals such as CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians(2021 JIF 286.130,record count:1),Lancet(2021 JIF 202.731,record count:4),Nature Reviews Immunology(2021 JIF 108.555,record count:2),Nature Reviews Gastroenterology&Hepatology(2021 JIF 73.082,record count:9),Lancet Gastroenterology&Hepatology(2021 JIF 45.042,record count:8),Gastroenterology(2021 JIF 33.883,record count:19),and Gut(2021 JIF 31.793,record count:21).This suggests that Baishideng’s journals have been widely recognized for their academic quality.In the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)database,all seven Baishidengpublished journals obtained a 2022 Journal Article Influence Index(JAII).For example,WJG has a 2022 JAII of 22.048,ranking 18th out of 102 journals in the field of gastroenterology&hepatology in the RCA,with 469909 total citations(6/102)and 21313 total articles(5/102).The numbers of manuscripts received and published in 2021 were both higher than those in 2019-2020.For example,WJCC received a total of 3650 manuscripts in 2021,which is 91.1%higher than those in 2019-2020(average:1910 papers/year).In 2021,WJCC published 1296 articles,representing an increase of 105.1%compared to those in 2019-2020(average:632 articles/year).The numbers of webpage visits and downloads received by the seven journals have increased year by year.For example,the number of total visits received by WJG in 2019-2021 was 1974052 in 2019,2317835 in 2020(increased by 17.4%compared with that in 2019),and 2652555 in 2021(increased by 4.4%compared with that in 2020).The visitors were from more than 220 countries and regions worldwide,such as the United States,China,and the United Kingdom.Open access(OA)plays a vital role in improving the quality,efficiency,transparency,and integrity of academic journal publishing.From 2019 to 2021,a total of 5543 OA articles were published in the seven journals,of which 2083(37.6%)were invited and published free-of-charge.During the same period,1683 articles were published in WJG,and the authors were from more than 70 countries and regions.For the total 5543 articles published in the seven journals from 2019 to 2021,3903 article quality tracking reports were received after the online publication of these articles.The quality of the articles was further evaluated through the Baishideng’s article quality and author evaluation tracking system,with 4655 articles(84.0%)having received author evaluation and feedback,which contributes to tracking metrics for authors’satisfaction with the collective publication processes.From March 25,2021 to June 28,2022,the seven journals received a total of 424 reader evaluations and 229 letters from readers;this subsequent reader engagement demonstrates that the popularity of the published articles and the volume of their readership audience were improved through the reader evaluation system.CONCLUSION Ultimately,the findings from our bibliometric assessments indicate that establishing,promoting and actively practicing processes that safeguard and bolster the integrity of the editing and publication process also help to improve the academic influence of academic journals,which itself is the cornerstone for improving JIF.

A Brief Discussion of Factors Influencing Second Language Education

Second language education has been an important part of nowadays education around the world.While its importance has been gaining more and more attention during the past decades,both second language educators and learners are struggling with the various difficulties that they encounter in the process of teaching and learning second language.In this paper,some major factors that are believed to influence quality of second language education will be discussed.By discussing these factors,it is hoped that both teachers and learners would attach more importance to these factors during their daily practice.

Recent Advances to Enhance Nutritional Quality of Rice

The nutritional quality of rice is a major concern,along with the need to enhance productivity to feed the continuously growing population.Therefore,there is a requirement to breed high-yielding rice varieties with improved nutritional quality that can help combat malnutrition,a global health issue.Undoubtedly,breeding approaches have played a significant role in increasing rice yield while enhancing its nutritional content.In addition to traditional breeding techniques,other recent approaches,such as genetic engineering,gene editing,omics methods,and agronomic practices,must also be employed to meet the nutritional needs of the current population.In this review,we offered detailed information on the development of nutritionally improved rice varieties through the enhancement of protein content,microand macronutrients,vitamins,and oil quality using genetic engineering approaches.We also identified QTLs associated with amino acids,proteins,and micronutrients in rice.Furthermore,omics approaches provide a range of tools and techniques for effectively exploring resources and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trait development.Omics branches,including transcriptomics,proteomics,ionomics,and metabolomics,are efficiently utilized for improving rice nutrition.Therefore,by utilizing the information obtained from these techniques and incorporating all of these recent approaches,we can effectively modify the rice genome,directly enhancing the nutritional value of rice varieties.This will help address the challenges of malnutrition in the years to come.

The Correlation Between Note Features and Consecutive Interpreting Quality for English Majors

Note-taking skill is a necessary component in interpreter training programs,and previous research has yielded findings such as note-taking training methods or features of interpreter trainees’notes.However,little research has been done to investigate the changes in note features and correlations between note features and interpreting quality concerning Chinese students’C-E(Chinese-English)and E-C(EnglishChinese)interpreting.Using the framework of Daniel Gile’s Effort Model and Interpretive Theory of Translation,this paper examined how 45 English Majors’notes develop within one semester(seventeen weeks)and the relationship between note features(quantity,form,and language choice of notes)and consecutive interpreting quality.The participants of this study were all beginner interpreting trainees,and the note-taking training was introduced in Week 6.The study employed note manuscripts,interpreting tests,and semi-structured interviews to track the features and changes in students’notes.Correlation analyses and T-tests showed that(a)after the note-taking training,the number of notes increased from Week 8 to Week 17,and it was positively correlated with interpreting quality(fidelity and delivery)for both C-E and E-C interpreting;(b)as for forms of notes,participants primarily employ single Chinese words and the percentages of abbreviations and symbols rose prominently from Week 8 to Week 17 for C-E interpreting.Besides,correlation analyses show that interpreting quality improves with fewer single Chinese words and more abbreviations and symbols.For E-C interpreting,notes were mainly in English,especially single English words and abbreviations.The percentages of single Chinese words and abbreviations ascended whereas those of single English words and symbols decreased.Furthermore,results show that the more abbreviations and symbols,the better target-text fidelity,and fewer abbreviations,the better the targettext delivery;(c)concerning language choice,notes were mainly in source language for both C-E and E-C interpreting and the percentage of target language notes went up significantly for C-E interpreting.Consequently,the percentage of target language notes was positively correlated with interpreting quality.Interviews indicate that most participants do not pay much attention to language selection in the first stage,and if the source text a familiar topic with little difficult vocabulary,he or she records the target language.Otherwise,it was safer to use the source language.

发展新质生产力 推动我国经济高质量发展

中华人民共和国(新中国)成立以来,从毛泽东的《论十大关系》,到邓小平的“科学技术是第一生产力”,再到习近平的“整合科技创新资源,引领发展战略性新兴产业和未来产业,加快形成新质生产力”,我党对经济工作规律性的认识,随着时代的发展而不断深化。习近平总书记在2024年1月31日召开的中央政治局第十一次集体学习会议上的重要讲话,更是把这种认识推向了全新的高度。总书记在主持学习时明确指出“必须牢记高质量发展是新时代的硬道理”,“高质量发展需要新的生产力理论来指导,而新质生产力已经在实践中形成并展示出对高质量发展的强劲推动力、支撑力,需要我们从理论上进行总结、概括,用以指导新的发展实践”,并强调“科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能,是发展新质生产力的核心要素”。为了深入学习贯彻总书记讲话精神,围绕“发展新质生产力推动我国经济高质量发展”这个新时代经济发展的核心课题,本刊邀请国内著名专家、学者,撰写一组笔谈文章,以飨读者。

普通话写作潮流与文学语言的当代转型

从语言纯洁到语言规范,其标准与规格在20世纪50年代落脚于民族共同语的代名词普通话之上。动员作家充分运用普通话进行写作,是当时文学创作的一大特征与使命。普通话写作潮流的发生、演变离不开广大作家与编辑的共同努力,其中编辑工作的助推作用不可或缺。不同代际作家在普通话写作潮流中表现出不同路径与姿态,包括新作与旧作重版在内,其中不乏典型作家与作品,自我编辑与编辑加工始终贯穿这一过程。普通话写作潮流中作家与编辑存在相互制约、相互促成的一面,也存在矛盾冲突、語流变的一面,文学语言的规范、调适和转型则是最为核心的内容。

视听文本机器翻译质量测评和译后编辑研究——以《畅游赣鄱——水文化英文之旅》慕课字幕翻译为例

机器翻译给人们带来了便利,同时促成了译后编辑的诞生。本文以《畅游赣鄱——水文化英文之旅》慕课字幕文本为研究样本,在MQM(Multidimensional Quality Metrics)质量评估框架基础上提出视听文本机器翻译产品质量评估标准,量化其错误值,测试机器翻译质量,并由此提出译后编辑的三级模式:轻度译后编辑(Light Post-editing, LPE)、中度译后编辑(Moderate Post-editing, MPE)和重度译后编辑(Full Post-editing, FPE)。

《西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2013-2022年高被引论文特征分析

利用中国知网引文数据库的资料,以2013-2022年《西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版)》(以下简称《学报》)刊发文章总量的5%为标准遴选出的高被引论文作为研究对象,对高被引论文的栏目/专题、基金项目、高被引论文作者、第一作者机构和排名前20的高被引论文进行了分析,为组稿、约稿和筛选优质稿源提供依据。结果显示,《学报》2013-2022年共刊发论文1266篇,总被引频次为32051次,从中遴选出高被引论文63篇,高被引论文总被引频次为8308次,占总被引频次的25.92%。63篇高被引论文均属学报特色栏目——“三农”问题研究的下设专题论文,此栏目的高被引论文占到了73.02%,“精准扶贫”“乡村振兴”“农村电商”3个专题高被引论文表现抢眼。在高被引论文获助的基金项目中,国家社科基金资助20项,占31.75%,是获助的主体;国家自然科学基金资助论文居于第2位。高被引论文中作者的职称(学历)居前3位的分别是博士研究生、教授(研究员)、副教授(副研究员),其中博士研究生的高被引论文占到了总数的38.10%,表明其已经成为学术研究的主力军;发表2篇以上高被引论文的作者有3位。来源论文机构总被引频次的排序前5名为西北农林科技大学、中国农业大学、华中农业大学、华中科技大学和西安交通大学。被引频次最多的前20篇论文的统计结果与前面的统计情况相吻合,值得注意的是“精准扶贫”和“乡村振兴”两个专题的高被引论文占了几近一半。鉴于以上结果,今后应继续做好选题策划,持续加强“三农”问题研究特色栏目建设。组稿约稿中要扩大核心作者群,积极关注青年科技工作者研究成果,打造高水平服务团队,提升论文学术水平;大力推进新媒体融合出版,提升学术成果传播速度。

基于大语言模型的个性化实验报告评语自动生成与应用

在计算机实验报告评阅过程中,不同的实验报告评价体系呈现出多样性和差异性,固化的实验评语模板缺乏个性化的内容,评价结果往往未给出可解释性的依据。针对以上问题,提出基于大语言模型的个性化实验报告评语自动生成框架。通过主题-评估决策-集成提示策略,从教师的实验需求、代码质量需求中抽取该实验特有的评价体系,形成评估决策树,构建计算机软件方向课程共享的评估决策树库。设计基于大语言模型和决策树的实验要求、代码质量主题评级方法,从评估决策树库检索匹配学生实验报告内容的评估决策树,结合实验报告和代码文本,自动生成实验主题、代码质量主题定量或定性的评级结果及对应的可解释性依据。在实验报告模板中融入学生已完成的实验任务、主题评级结果、评价依据等,生成个性化的实验评语。实验结果表明,基于主题-评估决策-集成提示策略的决策树生成结果明显优于未用提示的方法,该策略各部分具有一定的有效性和合理性,同时自动生成的评级结果和教师原先批阅的评阅结果对比,软件测试、面向对象程序设计、电商金融课程示例匹配正确率均达到90%以上。从任课教师对于自动生成的评语评分分析,评语在流畅性、相关性、合理性3个维度上达到了较高的质量水平。

统编《语文》教材助力国家通用语言文字教育:挑战、困境和新征程

在民族地区中小学使用国家统编教材,是党中央作出的关于加强民族地区国家通用语言文字教育的重大决策部署。根据国家教材政策,民族地区中小学校全面推行使用三科统编教材,逐步实现与全国接轨。但由于历史发展、经济水平、教育基础等方面的原因,在新旧教材过渡时期,统编版教材在民族地区的推行使用必然遇到较大挑战和诸多问题。深入基层、深入学校、深入一线、深入师生,才能了解教材使用的实际问题。以“课堂观察”为主线,主要采用“看、听、评、引”四面一体的研究策略,及时调研统编版《语文》教材在民族地区中小学教学实践中的使用成效、现实困境和现实需求,进而探索解决策略,并付诸行动,提出针对性建议,从而尽快提高教材的推行力度和使用质量,不断提升民族地区学校国家通用语言文字应用水平。

协作写作对中国英语学习者写作质量和二语学习的影响

本文基于社会文化理论中的最近发展区,通过对比合写文本与独立写作文本的差异探究协作写作对英语专业本科生写作质量的影响,同时通过半结构化访谈和反思日志探究协作写作对二语学习的作用。研究发现,合写文本在词汇复杂性、语言准确性和写作质量方面具有显著优势,但两者句法复杂性和语言流利性不存在显著差异。质性结果显示,协作写作可以促进二语学习,这是因为学生在合作过程中可以为彼此搭建支架,相互交流和学习,但同伴间的分歧、任务和时间分配的不合理、知识储备不足会阻碍语言的发展。研究有望对英语写作教学提供新的视角与教学模式。

西部民族地区理科教育高质量发展面临的挑战与应对——基于文化生态理论的视角

推进民族地区教育高质量发展是“十四五”时期我国教育事业发展的客观要求。进入新时代,西部民族地区理科教育发展中面临着诸多挑战,如学生的国家通用语言文字能力依然较弱,理科教师的培养与补充机制还不健全,传统民族教育体系的局限性日益凸显,理科教育文化生态失衡等。为此,提出推进西部民族地区理科教育高质量发展的几项对策:全面提升学生的国家通用语言文字能力,充分发挥国家通用语言文字在理科学习中的基础作用;建立理科教师培养与补充的长效机制;全面推进国家统编理科教材的使用;改革民族地区复杂多样的高考招生模式,向以国家通用语言文字考试为主的高考模式过渡;促进智能教育与理科教育的深度融合;创新理科教学方式,激发学生的科学学习热情。

应用型高校外语专业本科毕业论文质量管理研究与实践

本文以北京城市学院国际文化与传播学部外语专业毕业论文(设计)为例,以国家政策为指导,以《外国语言文学类教学质量国家标准》为依据,以校本规范为基础,以外语专业毕业论文(设计)质量及其质量管理问题为导向,通过加快构建本科毕业论文(设计)质量管理体系,切实筑牢本科毕业论文(设计)组织、制度和条件三重保障,实现对外语专业毕业论文(设计)的全面质量控制。