Comparative study of outcomes following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese patients: A case control study

To compare the impact of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on weight loss and obesity related comorbidities over two year follow-up via case control study design. METHODSForty patients undergoing LRYGB, who completed their two year follow-up were matched with 40 patients undergoing LSG for age, gender, body mass index and presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data of these patients was retrospectively reviewed to compare the outcome in terms of weight loss and improvement in comorbidities, i.e., T2DM, hypertension (HTN), obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), hypothyroidism and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). RESULTSPercentage excess weight loss (EWL%) was similar in LRYGB and LSG groups at one year follow-up (70.5% vs 66.5%, P = 0.36) while it was significantly greater for LRYGB group after two years as compared to LSG group (76.5% vs 67.9%, P = 0.04). The complication rate after LRYGB and LSG was similar (10% vs 7.5%, P = 0.99). The median duration of T2DM and mean number of oral hypoglycemic agents were higher in LRYGB group than LSG group (7 years vs 5 years and 2.2 vs 1.8 respectively, P < 0.05). Both LRYGB and LSG had significant but similar improvement in T2DM, HTN, OSAS and hypothyroidism. However, GERD resolved in all patients undergoing LRYGB while it resolved in only 50% cases with LSG. Eight point three percent patients developed new-onset GERD after LSG. CONCLUSIONLRYGB has better outcomes in terms of weight loss two years after surgery as compared to LSG. The impact of LRYGB and LSG on T2DM, HTN, OSAS and hypothyroidism is similar. However, LRYGB has significant resolution of GERD as compared to LSG.

Bariatric surgery in old age:a comparative study of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in an Asia centre of excellence

Bariatric surgery has been proved to be the safest and efficient procedure in treating morbid obese patients,but data is still lacking in the elderly population.The aim of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass（LRYGB） and sleeve gastrectomy（LSG） in patients aged more than 55 years.We performed2 a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database.All patients with body mass index（BMI） §32 kg/mand aged more than 55 years undergoing LRYGB or LSG in BMI Surgery Centre,E-Da Hospital between January 2008 and December 2011 with at least one year of follow up were included for the analysis.Demography,peri-operative data,weight loss and surgical complications were all recorded and analyzed.Mean age and BMI of these 68 patients22（22 males and 46 female） were 58.8 years（55-79 years） and 39.5 kg/m（32.00-60.40 kg/m）.LRYGB was performed in 44 patients and LSG in 24 patients.The two groups were comparable in their preoperative BMI,American Society of Anaesthesia（ASA） score and gender distribution.LSG patients were significantly older than patients receiving LRYGB.The proportion of type 2 diabetes preoperatively was significantly higher in LRYGB patients as compared to LSG patients（88.63% vs.50%; P,0.01）.The prevalence of other co-morbidities was similar and comparable2 between the groups.Mean BMI in the LRYGB and LSG groups at the end of 1 year were 28.8 kg/mand228.2 kg/m,respectively,and there was no statistically significant difference in mean percentage of excess weight loss（%EWL） at 1 year.The percentage of resolution of diabetes was significantly higher in LRYGB（69.2%） as compared to LSG（33.3%）.On the other hand,there was no statistical difference in the percentage of resolution of hypertension,hyperlipidemia and fatty liver hepatitis.The overall morbidity and re-operation rate was higher in LRYGB patients.In morbidly elderly patients,both surgeries achieved good weight loss and resolution of comorbidities.LRYGB is superior to LSG in terms of diabetes remission but carries higher complication rates even at high volume centres.

Surgical outcome of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Bariatric procedures are considered superior to medical therapies in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(LRYGB)and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG)are the most commonly used procedures for weight loss and comorbidity resolution worldwide.However,it is not yet known whether the degree of T2DM is influenced by the choice of bariatric procedure.AIM To quantitatively compare T2DM resolution over 1-5 years follow-up by LRYGB and LSG in morbidly obese patients.METHODS We searched the selected databases for full-text English language clinical studies that compared the effectiveness of LRYGB and LSG for T2DM resolution.Review manager 5.3 was used for data analysis,and the overall effect summary was represented in a forest plot.RESULTS From 1,650 titles retrieved by an initial search,we selected nine studies for this research.We found insignificant differences for T2DM resolution by LRYGB and LSG,with an odds ratio of 0.93(95%CI:0.64-1.35,Z statistics=0.38,P=0.71).Additionally,subset analyses for T2DM resolution showed insignificant differences after 24 mo(χ^2=1.24,df=4,P=0.87,overall Z effect=0.23),36 mo(χ^2=0.41,df=2,P=0.81,overall Z effect=0.51),and 60 mo(χ^2=4.75,df=3,P=0.19,overall Z effect=1.20)by LRYGB and LSG.This study reports a T2DM remission rate of 82.3%by LRYGB and 80.7%by LSG.CONCLUSION This study reports similar T2DM resolution rates by both LRYGB and LSG during 1-5 years of follow-up.However,long-term follow-up of 10 years is needed to further substantiate these findings.

Computed tomography as primary postoperative follow-up after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

AIM To evaluate upper abdominal computed tomography(CT) scan as primary follow-up after laparoscopic Rouxen-Y gastric bypass(LRYGB). METHODS This prospective study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the State of Zurich, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Sixty-one patients who underwent LRYGB received upper abdominal CT on postoperative day 1, with the following scan parameters: 0.6 mm collimation, 1.2 mm pitch, Care KV with reference 120 m As and 120 kV, and 0.5 s rotation time. Diluted water-soluble radiographic contrastmedium(50 mL) was administered to achieve gastric pouch distension without movement of the patient. 3 D images were evaluated to assess postoperative complications and the radiation dose received was analysed. RESULTS From the 70 patients initially enrolled in the study, 9 were excluded from analysis upon the intraoperative decision to perform a sleeve gastrectomy and not a LRYGB. In all of the 61 patients who were included in the analysis, CT was feasible and there were no instances of aspiration or vomiting. In 7 patients, two upper abdominal scans were necessary as the pouch was not distended by contrast medium in the first acquisition. Radiologically, no leak and no relevant stenosis were found on the first postoperative day. These early postoperative CT findings were consistent with the findings at clinical follow-up 6 wk postoperatively, with no leaks, stenosis or obstructions being diagnosed. The average total dose length product in CT was 536.6 m Gycm resulting in an average effective dose of 7.8 m Sv. The most common surgical complication, superficial surgical site infections(n = 4), always occurred at the upper left trocar site, where the circular stapler had been introduced. CONCLUSION Early LRYGB postoperative multislice spiral CT scan is feasible, with low morbidity, and provides more accurate anatomical information than standard upper gastrointestinal contrast study.

Excessive Weight Loss Following Laparoscopic Gastric Mini Bypass or Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Background: More than 90 percent of obesity surgery is done using a laparoscope. This method is superior to open surgery and lead to fewer complications, shorter hospital stay and faster recovery. This study compared course of weight loss following laparoscopic Gastric Mini Bypass or Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass surgery, after one year of follow up. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted among obese patients admitted to Rasoul Akram Hospital Obesity Clinic, Half underwent laparoscopic Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass and the rest were undergoing laparoscopic Mini Gastric Bypass. The amount of weight loss during the first year after surgery will be discussed. Results: In this study, 75 obese patients were studied. Most of the participants were female (82.7%). Participants aged between 18 and 59 years old (average = 36.8 ± 9.8 y/o). Before the surgery, there was no significant difference in weight between the two groups. Excessive weight loss after one month, six months nine months and one year between the two groups was significant and was more in Mini Gastric Bypass (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Respecting the benefits of Mini Gastric Bypass compared to the Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass technique, it is suggested for patients with morbid obesity.

Analysis of long-term outcome of modified gastric bypass for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND Bariatric and metabolic surgery have been routinely performed following the rapid increase in obesity and metabolic diseases worldwide.Of all evolving procedures,Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)is considered the gold standard for surgical treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and obesity.RYGB was introduced in China nearly 20 years ago,but the number of RYGB surgeries only accounts for 3.1%of the total number of weight loss and metabolic surgeries in China,it’s effect on Chinese people still needs further study.AIM To investigate the effect and safety of a modified gastric bypass performed in Chinese patients with T2DM.METHODS Patients with obesity and T2DM who underwent modified gastric bypass,with>5-year follow-up data,were analyzed.RESULTS All 37 patients underwent uneventful laparoscopic surgery,no patient was switched to laparotomy during the surgery,and no severe complications were reported.Average weight and body mass index of the patients reduced from 84.6±17.3(60.0–140.0)kg and 30.9±5.0(24.7–46.2)kg/m2 to 67.1±12.2(24.7–46.2)kg and 24.6±3.9(17.7–36.5)kg/m2,respectively,and fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin decreased from 7.4±3.4 mmol/L and 8.2%±1.7%preoperatively to 6.5±1.3 mmol/L and 6.5%±0.9%5-years postoperatively,respectively.Only 29.7%(11/37)of the patients used hypoglycemic drugs 5-years postoperatively,and the complete remission rate of T2DM was 29.7%(11/37).Triglyceride level reduced significantly but high-density lipoprotein increased significantly(both P<0.05)compared with those during the preoperative period.Liver and renal function improved significantly postoperatively,and binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the patients’preoperative history of T2DM and fasting C-peptide were significant prognostic factors influencing complete T2DM remission after RYGB(P=0.006 and 0.012,respectively).CONCLUSION The modified gastric bypass is a safe and feasible procedure for Chinese patients with obesity and T2DM,exhibiting satisfactory amelioration of weight problems,hyperglycemia,and combination disease.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy for obstructive sleep apnea:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:Bariatric surgery has been shown to be an effective method of treatment for obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)with long-term benefits,however,the mechanisms of action and the optimum operative procedure remains unclear.The aim of this systemic review was to compare the efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG)and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)in resolving OSA.Methods:A comprehensive search of MEDLINE,Pubmed,Embase,and OVID was performed.Studies that reported OSA resolution in obese patients with BMI>30 kg/m2 were included in the study.RCTs,comparative prospective and matched cohort studies comparing RYGB with LSG were considered for this study.Results:Five studies(309 participants)were included:4 cohort studies and 1 RCT;all with low risk of bias.At 12 months follow-up,there was a trend towards improved resolution of OSA with LSG(OR 0.47,95%CI[0.20 to 1.06];p=0.07)when compared to RYGB.In contrast,there was a trend to poorer weight loss in the LSG group(SMD 3.83,95%CI[-1.82 to 9.48];p=0.18).Similarly,at 36 months follow-up,there was a trend towards better resolution of OSA with LSG(OR 0.52,95%CI[0.16 to 1.71];p=0.28)and a significantly poorer weight loss in LSG when compared to RYGB(SMD 8.25,95%CI[2.91 to 13.58];p=0.002).Conclusion:Despite poorer weight loss following LSG,there is a trend towards increased resolution of sleep apnea post-LSG.These findings suggest the possibility of weight loss independent factors causing OSA resolution,which should be further investigated.Registration:PROSPERO:CRD42018090367.

Application of side-to-side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum in gastric bypass

AIM To evaluate the feasibility of side-to-side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(LRYGB).METHODS Seventy-seven patients received side-to-side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum by utilization of linear stapler in LRYGB from April 2012 to July 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS All patients were successfully completed laparoscopic gastric bypass with the side-to-side anastomosis of the lesser curvature of stomach and jejunum. No patient was switched to laparotomy during operation. No early complications including gastrointestinal anastomotic bleeding, fistula, obstruction, deep vein thrombosis, incision infections, intra-abdominal hernia complications were found. One patient complicated with stricture of gastrojejunal anastomosis(1.3%) and six patients complicated with incomplete intestinal obstruction(7.8%). BMI and Hb A1 c determined at 3, 6, 12, 24 mo during follow up period were significantly reduced compared with preoperative baselines respectively. The percentage of patients who maintain HbA 1c(%) < 6.5% without taking antidiabetic drugs reached to 61.0%, 63.6%, 75.0%, and 63.6% respectively. The outcome parameters of concomitant diseases were significantly improved too.CONCLUSION Present surgery is a safety and feasibility procedure. It is effective to lighten the body weight of patients and improve type 2 diabetes and related complications.

腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术治疗肥胖症围手术期的护理干预效果评价

目的探讨护理干预对行腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术(LRYGB)肥胖患者围手术期的影响,为加强临床肥胖患者围手术期护理治疗提供参考依据。方法选取2011年10月至2013年10月我院胃肠外科收治的60例行LRYGB肥胖患者为研究对象,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组30例,实验组根据患者的具体评估情况实行个性化护理,对照组实行一般护理措施。所有病例均顺利行LRYGB,无术中中转开胸或因严重并发症行二次手术病例。观察两组患者围手术期的心率、血压、血糖、术后恢复情况及并发症,并进行统计学分析。结果两组一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组入院时血糖、心率、血压监测比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经过个性化护理及一般护理后,手术前日、手术当日及出院情况两组血糖比较,实验组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术前日及手术当日监测心率、血压比较,实验组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组所有术后恢复指标比较,实验组恢复快于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论术前全面评估患者、耐心细致的心理护理、积极配合医生针对不同合并症的相关治疗能够稳定患者生命体征,改善患者合并症症状,提高心肺功能,促进腹腔镜胃旁路减肥手术的顺利进行,减少术后并发症的发生,提高手术效果及患者的生活质量。

腹腔镜辅助下胃转流术对胃癌合并2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂、血压的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助下胃转流术(Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,LRYGB)对胃癌合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖、血脂、血压的影响。方法:62例胃癌合并T2DM患者分为观察组(n=31)与对照组(n=31),观察组行LRYGB治疗,对照组行腹腔镜下BillrothⅡ术治疗,对比两组患者手术前后血糖、血脂、血压控制情况。结果:术后6个月与术前1 d比较,两组患者空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月观察组上述指标均显著低于对照组,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后6个月清晨、睡前及平均血压均显著低于治疗前1 d(P<0.05),对照组无明显变化(P>0.05),且术后6个月观察组清晨、睡前及平均血压均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:LRYGB用于胃癌合并2型糖尿病患者的治疗,能够有效控制血糖,同时改善血脂代谢,降低血压,疗效确切,值得推广。

Weight loss maintenance after bariatric surgery

Metabolic and bariatric surgery(MBS)is an effective treatment for patients with morbid obesity and its comorbidities.However,many patients experience weight regain(WR)after achieving their nadir weight.Establishing the definition of WR is challenging as postoperative WR has various definitions.Risk factors for WR after MBS include anatomical,racial,hormonal,metabolic,behavioral,and psychological factors,and evaluating such factors preoperatively is necessary.Long-term regular follow-up and timely treatment by a multidisciplinary team are important because WR after surgery is multi-factorial.Although lifestyle interventions that focus on appropriate dietary education,physical activity education or interventions,and behavioral psychological interventions are suggested,more well-designed studies are needed because studies evaluating intervention methods and the effectiveness of WR prevention are lacking.Antiobesity drugs can be used to prevent and manage patients with WR after MBS;however,more research is needed to determine the timing,duration,and type of anti-obesity drugs used to prevent WR.

不同胃囊容积腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术对体重指数<35 kg/m^2的2型糖尿病患者治疗疗效的对比观察

目的探讨不同胃囊容积腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(LRYGB)对BMI<35kg/m2的T2DM患者的术后疗效。方法 60例T2DM患者分别行保留大部分胃囊的腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(下称"大胃囊LRYGB")和缩小胃囊容积的改良LRYGB(下称"小胃囊LRYGB",胃囊容积控制约50ml)。患者术后随访12个月,比较两组手术前后BMI、WC、体脂率、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)变化及术后并发症发生率。结果两种手术方式均能降低FPG、2hPG、HbA1c水平,改善IR;小胃囊LRYGB对于BMI、体脂率、WC、术后吻合口溃疡发生率、糖代谢异常及IR的改善优于大胃囊LRYGB。结论两种手术方式均可缓解BMI<35kg/m2的T2DM患者糖代谢异常。相比大胃囊LRYGB,小胃囊LRYGB更能改善腹型肥胖,且对糖代谢异常、IR的治疗优势更加明显。

腹腔镜胃旁路手术治疗2型糖尿病的疗效及对患者生活质量的影响

目的观察腹腔镜胃旁路手术治疗T2DM的疗效及对患者生活质量的影响。方法回顾性分析腹腔镜下胃旁路手术治疗T2DM患者的临床资料。术后随访,监测BMI、FPG、HbA1c、血脂、C-P等指标及T2DM相关并发症情况。运用生活质量调查表(SF-36)分析术后生活质量。结果 68例中,46例(67.6%)术后仅用生活方式治疗HbA1c≤6.5%,FPG≤7.0mmol/L,2hPG≤10.0mmol/L;18例(26.5%)口服降糖药或皮下注射胰岛素量较术前减少,血糖控制良好,FPG降幅>1.39mmol/L,HbA1c降幅>1%。术后1年糖尿病并发症改善27例,其中合并高血压14例(53.8%)、高脂血症15例(71.4%)、视力减退或合并DR 3例(21.4%)、尿蛋白阳性7例(41.2%)、糖尿病足(DF)或DPN 3例(27.3%)。SF-36量表对手术前及手术后1年的生理健康和精神健康调查统计分析显示,术后患者生理机能、生理职能、一般健康状况、精力、精神健康、社会功能及情感职能较术前改善(P<0.05),生活质量明显提高。结论腹腔镜下胃旁路手术治疗T2DM效果显著,能提高患者的生活质量。

中国肥胖和2型糖尿病外科治疗指南(2014)

据中华医学会糖尿病学分会2008年中国糖尿病和代谢疾病研究（China national diabetes and metabolic disorders study）报告,我国20岁以上人群糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,DM）总体患病率为9.7%,其中男性10.6%,女性8.8%。由此推算我国DM患病总人数达9240万,位居世界第一。DM前期的患病率高达15.5%,估算人数约为1.5亿。