A recursive formulation based on corotational frame for flexible planar beams with large displacement

A forward recursive formulation based on corotational frame is proposed for flexible planar beams with large displacement.The traditional recursive formulation has been successfully used for flexible mutibody dynamics to improve the computational efficiency based on floating frame,in which the assumption of small strain and deflection is adopted.The proposed recursive formulation could be used for large displacement problems based on the corotational frame.It means that the recursive scheme is used not only for adjacent bodies but also for adjacent beam elements.The nodal relative rotation coordinates of the planar beam are used to obtain equations with minimal generalized coordinates in present formulation.The proposed formulation is different from absolute nodal coordinate formulation and the geometrically exact beam formulation in which the absolute coordinates are used.The recursive scheme and minimal set of dynamic equations lead to a high computational efficiency in numerical integration.Numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of this formulation.For all of the examples,the results of the present formulation are in good agreement with results obtained using commercial software and the published results.Moreover,it is shown that the present formulation is more efficient than the formulation in ANSYS based on GEBF.

Large Displacement Analysis of Tapered Beam Structures

A Bernoulli-Euler beam mechanism for static analysis of large displacement,large rotation but small strain planar tapered beam structures is proposed using the Updated Lagrangian formulation and the moving coordinate method.The object beam is the tapered one whose profile is assumed to be varying linearly.From the governing differential equation of lateral deflection including second-order effects by beam-column theory,the geometric nonlinear tangent elemental stiffness matrix is derived.The nonlinear effect of the bending distortions on the axial action is considered to manifest itself as an axial change in length.The aforementioned stiffness matrix is amended,by developing the auxiliary stiffness of bowing effect.The moving coordinate method is employed for obtaining the large displacement total equilibrium equations,and the hinged-hinged moving coordinate system is constructed at the last updated configuration.The multiple load steps Newton-Raphson iteration is adopted for the solution of the nonlinear equations.The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are shown by solving various typical numerical examples.

Large excavations and their effect on displacement of land boundaries

A study to estimate land surface movement caused by large surface excavations in sedimentary strata is presented.In stratified or jointed strata the stress relief driven movement adjacent to large excavations can be significantly larger than expected.High lateral stresses measured in Australia and other places around the world indicate that the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress has been particularly high at shallow depths.The in situ strata is in compression and during excavation,stress is relieved towards the opening causing strata movement.Large excavations such as,open cut mines or highway cuttings,can initiate an extensive horizontal slide of surface layers towards the excavation.These ground movements can be damaging to surface structures such as water storage dams and large buildings.Based on stress measurements at shallow depths in Australian coal mines the study presented here calculates and models the extent of potential ground movement along the bedding surface adjacent to large excavations and provides a new prediction tool of land movement at the excavation boundary that can benefit the geotechnical practitioners in the mining industry.

A MODIFIED HELLINGER-REISSNER VARIATIONAL FUNCTIONAL INCLUDING ONLY TWO INDEPENDENT VARIABLES FOR LARGE DISPLACEMENT OF THIN SHALLOW SHELL

The variational functional of the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle for the large displacement problem of a thin shallow shell with an arbitrary shape is first established. Then the functional of the modified principle suitable for the finite element method is derived. In the functional only two independent variables, the deflection w and the stress function F are included. The displacement expressions in the middle surface on the boundary of the shell is also derived by means of the previous two variables.

Analysis of dynamical response to large deformation of piles with initial displacements

In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model for analyzing dynamical response to the large deformation of piles with initial displacements is firstly established with the arc-coordinate, and it is a set of nonlinear integral-differential equa- tions, in which, the Winkeler model is used to simulate the resistance of the soil to the pile. Secondly, a set of new auxiliary functions are introduced. The differential-integral equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear differential equations, and the differential quadrature method （DQM） and the finite difference method （FDM） are applied to discretize the set of nonlinear equations in the spatial and time domains, respectively. Then, the Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the set of discretization algebraic equations at each time step. Finally, numerical examples are presented, and the dynamical re- sponses to the deformation of piles, including configuration, bending moment and shear force, are graphically illuminated. In calculation, two types of initial displacements and dynamical loads are applied, and the effects of parameters on the dynamical responses of piles are analyzed in detail.

FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF LARGE SPATIAL DEFLECTION PROBLEMS OF RODS AND ITS APPLICATION TO DRILLING ENGINEERING

The fundamental equations for analysis of a straight slender rod which deform at large deflections of order of several times of the dimension of the cross section of the rod are derived by using convecled coordinate system. In accordance with the practice of oil drilling, an effective method of three dimensional static analysis of bottom-hole assemblies is simply described. Errors in reference [8 ] are pointed out.

Attenuation Characteristics of Earthquake Ground Motion for Large Volume Airgun

In order to further deepen the understanding of seismic wave propagation characteristics induced by the large volume airgun source,experimental data from multiple fixed excitation points in Fujian Province were used to obtain the equivalent single excitation high signal-to-noise ratio velocity and displacement records through linear stacking and simulation techniques.Then the peak displacements of different epicentral distances were used to calculate the equivalent magnitude of the airgun source excitation at different fixed excitation points so as to establish the attenuation relationship between equivalent magnitude,epicenter distance and velocity peak.Our results show that:①Within 270 km of epicentral distance,for the large-volume airgun’s single shot,the peak velocity range is about 700-4 nm/s,and the peak displacement range is about 200.0-0.2 nm;②The equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 8,000 in 3 is 0.181-0.760,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0.294-0.832.By contrast,the equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 12,000 in 3 is 0.533-0.896,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0.611-0.946.The S-wave energy is greater than the P-wave energy,and the excitation efficiency varies greatly with different excitation environment;③The peak velocity increases with the equivalent magnitude,and decreases with the epicentral distance.The vertical component of the P-wave peak velocity is the largest among those three components,while the S-wave has the smallest vertical component and similar horizontal components.Hence,our research can provide an important basis for the quantitative judgment of the seismic wave propagation distance using the airgun and the design of the observation system in deep exploration or monitoring with airgun.

Force-Based Quadrilateral Plate Bending Element for Plate Using Large Increment Method

A force-based quadrilateral plate element( 4NQP13) for the analysis of the plate bending problems using large increment method( LIM) was proposed. The LIM, a force-based finite element method( FEM),has been successfully developed for the analysis of truss,beam,frame,and 2D continua problems. In these analyses,LIMcan provide more precise stress results and less computational time consumption compared with displacement-based FEM. The plate element was based on the Mindlin-Reissner plate theory which took into account the transverse shear effects.Numerical examples were presented to study its performance including accuracy and convergence behavior,and the results were compared with the results have been obtained from the displacementbased quadrilateral plate elements and the analytical solutions. The4NQP13 element can analyze the moderately thick plates and the thin plates using LIMand is free from spurious zero energy modes and free from shear locking for thin plate analysis.

一种新型大直径多盘土锚承载力数值模拟分析

新型大直径多盘土锚是采用专业扩孔成盘装置进行多次扩孔,形成多个空腔,在钻孔中放入带有对中支架的钢绞线,灌注水泥砂浆,固化后得到的。为研究该土锚抗拔特性,将等直径土锚作为对照组,运用FLAC3D软件对其在不同荷载作用下的极限抗拔承载力、竖向位移、轴力、锚盘承担荷载和侧摩阻力等方面进行数值模拟分析。结果表明:相同条件下,新型大直径多盘土锚的极限抗拔承载力相较于等直径土锚提高了50%;达到各自极限抗拔承载力时,新型大直径多盘土锚的竖向位移相较于等直径土锚减少了24.22%;新型大直径多盘土锚的侧摩阻力较小且增速较慢,达到极限抗拔承载力时,锚盘分担荷载占施加总荷载的32.094%。

基于无人机及YOLOX视觉算法的大跨度钢结构吊装过程位移监测

在大跨度钢结构吊装施工过程中,节点位移及结构变形关系到吊装施工的安全和质量。对于传统接触式监测方法存在的耗时、耗力且维护费用高等问题,提出了一种以无人机为载体的非接触式监测方式。首先,针对大跨度钢结构吊装过程中无人机近距采集视角受限的问题,采用Harris图像拼接算法进行全景拼接,并与图像加权融合相结合,消除图像拼接中产生的不利光标及拼接缝,实现整体、高精度的大跨度结构图像的无缝拼接;其次,采用加入卷积块注意力机制(convolutional block attention module, CBAM)的YOLOX视觉算法解决复杂背景下不同像素面积的小目标图像识别、坐标提取和位移监测;最后,对四种不同检测模型进行对比评估,并通过对比实验室不同工况试验和实际工程验证该方法在施工环境下对大跨度钢结构测点位移监测的可行性。试验结果表明,加入CBAM注意力机制的YOLOX检测模型的平均精度及置信度均优于其他三种网络模型,且视觉识别的位移信息与Leica全站仪的误差均在亚毫米级内,满足实际工程精度的要求,实现了复杂背景下的小目标位移监测,具备较高的经济效益和广泛的应用前景。

基于柔性铰链结构的大口径压电快摆镜

为了解决压电作动器驱动的快速反射镜因压电作动器伸长量较小,导致快速反射镜偏转角过小的问题,该文提出了一款新型快速反射镜设计方案。采用三级杠杆式柔性铰链放大机构实现压电作动器位移的放大,采用柔性轴承作为快摆镜的运动关节实现快摆镜的大角度定轴偏转。通过理论推导和有限元仿真对快摆镜的最大偏转角度、等效应力、谐振频率以及振型进行分析。实验结果表明,所设计的快摆镜可以实现大于2 mrad的镜面偏转,满足大范围、高精度的光束定位要求。

延长东部浅层煤层气水平井井下固井工具附件可靠性实验探索

延长气田东部区域煤层埋深浅、存在低压、易漏失层,该区域内的煤层气井在固井过程中易发生地层破裂、水泥浆漏失现象,井下固井工具附件可靠性直接影响固井质量。本文从固井技术难点分析出发,对于可靠性较高的弹簧球式浮箍浮鞋、固井碰压关井阀等设备完成仿真模拟分析及性能试验;研发的碰压关闭式浮箍,提高了工具可靠性。设计工具附件组成固井管串结构,现场应用2口水平井,结果表明优选的固井工具附件能够满足浅层大位移水平井固井施工的技术要求。

致密油藏大排量注水吞吐技术及参数优化研究

针对致密油藏水平井自然渗吸采收率低和长期衰竭开发后期地层能量如何补充的难题,在储层基本特征、致密油藏注水吞吐采油机理的基础上,提出了大排量水平井注水吞吐。以鄂尔多斯盆地长7段致密油藏为研究对象,选取天然岩心和人造岩心相结合方式,利用核磁共振等方法,通过室内注水吞吐实验研究了自然渗吸和不同注水速度下吞吐动态渗吸的作用范围和微观孔隙动用特征,分析了排量对孔隙动用情况的影响,并开展了焖井时间影响实验,最后利用数值模拟方法对压裂水平井注水吞吐开发的注水量、焖井时间参数进行优化。研究表明:小排量时,注水吞吐主要动用的是大孔隙,中小孔隙动用较低;大排量时,注水吞吐不仅动用了大孔隙,且中小孔隙动用明显提高,使得整体的采收率出现较大增加。随着焖井时间的延长,油水置换作用越充分,使得注水吞吐采出程度越高,但其提高的程度逐渐稳定。对A9井进行数值模拟优化,得到最佳日注水量为900 m^(3),最佳焖井时间为24 d,在矿场试验取得成功,初期日增油2.11 t,有效期365 d,累计增油770 t。

泵/马达困油现象充分缓解的等排量大模数方法

为了充分缓解外啮合齿轮泵/马达困油现象,在确保产品输出能力不变的等排量前提下,分析模数对困油腔内的负荷流量、泄漏流量和卸荷流量的影响,提出了一种等排量大模数的设计方法,并基于这3种流量的瞬时平衡和同齿形参数、不同模数下卸荷面积的演绎计算,计算出困油压力并由此判断出困油现象的缓解程度。结果表明,对于给定的齿轮副和工况条件,等排量下的齿宽系数反比例于模数的3次方,模数越大,困油现象越趋于缓解,且径向力越小,但齿宽系数越小;同齿形参数、不同模数下的卸荷面积等于模数的平方乘基准模数为1下的卸荷面积,从而为同齿形参数、不同模数下的卸荷面积计算,提供了极大方便;卸荷槽外通的进出口压力互为颠倒,导致泵较马达的困油现象更严重,但等排量小模数马达同样也会出现较为严重的困油现象。得出了选择最大化/较大的模数应为泵/马达的设计准则的重要结论。

定射角射孔工艺在大位移定向井中的应用与实践

通过对萨中开发区112#断层区块构造特征和开发井网情况的深入研究,部署距离断层50 m平行断层面钻井的大位移定向井。考虑射孔油层保护要求,结合定射角射孔工艺原理,确定射孔工艺、射孔输送方式及匹配的射孔枪、弹等射孔参数,选用合理的射孔液,采用负压射孔工艺、确定合理负压值,保证了定射角射孔工艺效果。实现了单井日增液17.6 t,日增油4.2 t,年节电约2.56×10^(4) kWh,创造较好的经济效益,保证了油田开发效果。

特大跨径拱桥系杆张拉优化技术分析

为提高威海石家河公园大桥这一特大跨径拱桥的结构稳定性,保障拱桥建筑施工质量,研究特大跨径拱桥系杆张拉优化技术分析。威海石家河公园大桥共采用34根吊杆,其中中拱14根吊杆,边拱20根吊杆,考虑系杆张拉顺序对质量的影响,设计2种张拉方案,方案1为先张拉两边吊杆、后张拉中间吊杆;方案2为先张拉中间吊杆、后张拉两边吊杆。采用有限元模拟2种张拉方案在施工时所产生的应力、位移变化,从而选取最佳方案。模拟分析可知:采用方案1张拉时主梁所承受应力更大,且主梁、中拱、边拱的位移明显较大,而采用方案2张拉时,可避免主梁出现严重失稳问题,还可保持较小的拱肋位移;同时方案2稳定安全系数较高,在成桥阶段方案2最大吊杆拉应力为433.0 MPa,处于1860钢绞线的安全承载范围内。可见采用先张拉中间吊杆、后张拉两边吊杆方式可有效实现系杆张拉优化。

黏温黏压下径向柱塞泵滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量分析

针对高压大排量径向柱塞泵滑靴副摩擦失效和泄漏问题,以XDP1000型径向柱塞泵为例,对滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量进行了流场仿真和数值计算。首先,根据滑靴柱塞组件运动学特性分析,求解了滑靴偏转角变化规律,并通过建立滑靴副不同通道流量计算公式的方式,建立了滑靴副静压支承特性方程;然后,建立了滑靴副泄漏功率损失和摩擦功率损失模型,求解了滑靴副最佳油膜厚度,并分析了最佳油膜厚度的变化规律;最后,在考虑了油液黏温黏压特性的基础上,通过流场数值计算的方式,研究了滑靴副温度分布与泄漏量随径向柱塞泵工况参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:额定工况下,滑靴副最佳油膜厚度值约为14μm,滑靴副最佳油膜厚度值随着转子转角的增大而增大,随着工作压力和温度的增大而减小;滑靴运动方向侧油膜温度较另一侧高13 K,滑靴副温度值基本不受工作压力的影响,而随着转速的增大而升高;滑靴副阻尼孔泄漏量较滑靴边界泄漏量大0.02 kg/s,而且泄漏量随着压力、转速和油液温度的增大而增大。该研究结论可为高压大排量径向柱塞泵滑靴副设计及优化提供参考。

层状地基中海洋大直径管桩水平动力响应分析

考虑桩−海水−层状土相互作用,研究了水平动荷载作用下层状地基中海洋大直径管桩的动力响应特性。将海水视为无黏性可压缩流体介质建立桩周、桩芯海水的运动方程,通过分离变量法并结合海水的边界条件求得桩周、桩芯海水作用在管桩上的动水压力。将海床土体视为黏弹性介质并考虑其成层非均质性,利用微分变化并结合土体振动边界条件解得桩周、桩芯土体作用在管桩上的水平抗力。进而根据各桩段上水平力的平衡建立管桩控制方程,利用传递矩阵法并结合桩身的连续条件以及桩顶、桩底的边界条件,得到层状海床土中海洋大直径管桩的水平动力响应解析解,给出了桩顶位移解析表达式。将所得解与有限元模拟结果以及退化解与已有文献解进行对比,验证了本研究计算方法的合理性。并基于所得解分析了管桩−海水−层状土系统水平动力响应对动水压力、水深、土体模量、土层厚度等关键参数的敏感性。

超大堆载下桩网复合地基变形特性离心模型试验研究

CFG桩网复合地基广泛应用于处理软土地基。采用土工离心模型试验研究某码头堆场超大荷载下CFG桩网复合地基的变形特性,试验模拟了地基、CFG桩、树根桩、加筋垫层、防尘网和轨道梁基础、矿石堆载等,分析了超大荷载作用下复合地基沉降、防尘网和轨道梁基础水平位移、地基剖面位移的变化规律。试验结果表明,复合地基的沉降速率在稳定控制标准之内,沉降量满足堆场使用要求,防尘网基础和轨道梁基础水平位移和沉降均很小,复合地基沉降分量远大于水平位移分量。CFG桩网复合地基在350 kPa荷载作用下是稳定安全的,达到了预期加固效果。