Appropriate Scale of Breeding Cows in Family Operation of Yanbian Cattle

Family operation of breeding cow is the only way to realize modernization of animal husbandry. Through field survey of Yanbian cattle farmers, the main input indicators were analyzed, including number of breeding cows, number of breeding bulls, input of cattle house, feed cost, production equipment investment, and grazing rent. The slaughter number of store cattle per year was selected as the output index. The efficiency of family operation scale of Yanbian cattle was analyzed using BCC model of DEA. The results showed that the moderate scale of breeding cows in family operation with half grazing and half housing pattern was around 50 -60 cattle.

Ecological Scale Breeding Technique of Local Chickens

Developing ecological scale breeding of local chickens with natural conditions, such as forest lands, grass lands, orchards and mulberry fields, not only can improve the quality of poultry products and the production benefits of chicken breeding, but also can develop and use local chicken germplasm effectively and promote their breed protection and industrialization. From integration and application of breed selection, breeding management, nutrient regulation, grass planting and grazing, a new ecological scale breeding technique of local chickens is proposed.

Cost-benefit Analysis of Scale Pig Breeding in Shandong Province Based on Modified Entropy Weight-TOPSIS Model

According to the relevant statistical data in National Agricultural cost-benefit Data Compilation(2001- 2013),we use the modified entropy weight- TOPSIS model to research the cost-benefit status of scale pig breeding in Shandong Province from the perspective of comparing it with that of the entire country and 9 other main pig producing areas. The results show that compared with the national average,the cost-benefit ratio of small scale pig breeding in Shandong Province is lower,while the cost-benefit ratio of medium scale and large scale pig breeding is significantly improved; the cost-benefit ratio of small scale pig breeding in Shandong Province is basically the same as that in 9 other main pig producing areas,while the cost-benefit ratio of medium scale and large scale pig breeding is higher; the output value of main products and the purchase price of piglet are two major bottlenecks restricting the cost-benefit improvement of scale pig breeding in Shandong Province.

Storm-scale ensemble forecast based on breeding of growth modes

How to obtain fast-growth errors, which is comparable to the actual forecast growth error, is a crucial problem in ensemble forecast （EF）. The method, Breeding of Growth Modes （BGM）, which has been used to generate perturbations for medium-range EF at NCEP, simulates the development of fast-growth errors in the analysis cycle, and is a reasonable choice in capturing growing errors modes, especially for extreme weather by BGM. An ideal supercell storm, simulated by Weather Research Forecast model （WRF）, occurred in central Oklahoma on 20 May 1977. This simulation was used to study the application of BGM methods in the meso-scale strong convective Ensemble Prediction System （EPS）. We compared the forecasting skills of EPS by different pertubation methods, like Monte-Carlo and BGM. The results show that the ensemble average forecast based on Monte-Carlo with statistics meaning is superior to the single-deterministic prediction, but a less dynamic process of the method leads to a smaller spread than expected. The fast-growth errors of BGM are comparable to the actual short-range forecast error and a more appropriate ensemble spread. Considering evaluation indexes and scores, the forecast skills of EPS by BGM is higher than Monte-Carlo＇s. Furthermore, various breeding cycles have different effects on precipitation and non-precipitation fields, confirmation of reasonable cycles need consider balance between variables.

Analysis of Pig Price Fluctuation in Recent Decade Based on the Changes in Breeding Scale

In recent decade, the fluctuation of pig price has become more and more acute with obvious periodicity. Currently, the pig breeding mode dominated by individual households leads to acute fluctuation of pig price to some extent. The scale expansion of recent decade intensified the fluc- tuation of pig price in the short term but will stabilize the price in the long term. Therefore. it is necessary to expand breeding scale for maintaining long-term price stability and the optimal scale should be chosen according to the circumstances to ensure the social benefit maximization.

Scale Breeding and Reproduction Technique of Ficus tikoua Bur.Container Seedlings

Based on the principle of asexual reproduction,a kind of scale breeding and reproduction technique of Ficus tikoua Bur.container seedlings was explored by using the characteristics of strong adaptability to the environment and fast growth and reproduction.Using non-woven bag as a breeding container for seedlings,the scale breeding and reproduction technique of F.tikoua container seedlings was summarized through the important links of seedling bed construction,seedling collection,soil configuration,container selection,cutting cultivation,field management,and disease and pest control.This technique can achieve differential,massive and sustainable efficient breeding and reproduction of F.tikoua seedlings in a short time.

Analysis on the High-end Feeding System and the Application Scenarios on the Lake Sheep Barn Feeding Scale Breeding Technology Research

In this paper, we conduct research on the high-end feeding system and the application scenarios on the lake sheep barn feeding scale breeding technology research. Sheep farm reproduction for the main places, so make sure sheep pen set reasonable. At the same time, we should reduce/avoid adverse effects caused by the surroundings of the flock, and conducive to the sheep’s normal growth and reproduction.Goats engineering technology mainly includes process of design and construction, building facilities, environmental control, waste treatment technology, sheep product processing technology, such as sheep breeding engineering technology is connected to the biological technology. This paper integrates the related theories to propose the countermeasures that will be meaningful.

Pollution Control Programs of Large-Scale Livestock and Poultry Farms in the Dianchi Lake Basin

With the enlarging scale and intensifying production of livestock and poultry breeding, the environment pollution becomes increasingly prominent in the Dianchi Lake Basin since 1990s. According to the survey of ＂The First National Census of Pollution Sources＂, occurrence and discharge of pollutants in large-scale livestock and poultry farms in this region were first understood. The pollution characteristics of large-scale live- stock and poultry breeding were also analyzed deeply. On this basis, the significance of pollution control programs for environment protection was investigated from aspects of pollution control policy, technology management and publicity.

Problems in the Development of China's Dairy Cow Breeding and the Countermeasures

This article offers an overview of the development of dairy cow breeding in China,and analyzes the problems in the development of dairy cow breeding in China as follows:the breeding scale is small;the pasture grass production cannot meet demand;the proportion of fine breed is not high and the dairy cow yield per unit is low;it lacks epidemic prevention and quarantine mechanism;economic benefits of large-scale breeding are not high.These problems have become bottleneck in the development of the dairy cow breeding.Finally countermeasures are put forward for the development of dairy cow breeding in China as follows:developing large-scale breeding,and increasing subsidies;supporting the development of grass industry,and ensuring the supply of good feed;strengthening cultivation and promotion of fine breed,and promoting the quality of fresh milk;improving the accountability system of dairy products,and giving play to supervisory role of the news media.

我国畜牧业发展现状、存在问题及对策

畜牧业是我国农业农村经济的重要组成部分,对保障国家粮食安全和提高居民生活水平具有重要意义。近年来,我国畜牧业发展的内外部环境正在发生深刻的变化。本文分析了我国肉牛、生猪、肉鸡、肉羊产业的发展现状,发现我国畜牧业目前存在养殖场动物疫病风险加大,畜禽行业养殖环境约束趋紧,畜禽良种繁育能力不足,科技创新及人才支撑不足的问题。针对这些问题提出了构建完善的公共服务监管体系,科学提高疫情防控能力;推进规模化养殖和标准化生产;强化科技支撑,加快推进科技育种工作;提升技术研发能力,健全产业发展支撑体系等发展对策,以期为我国畜牧业健康发展提供理论参考。

我国肉牛产业高质量发展水平的测度及影响因素研究

肉牛产业高质量发展是稳定肉牛生产、平缓肉牛价格波动和保障肉牛市场供应的根本途径。文章基于2012—2022年30个省市区面板数据,采用熵值法分析肉牛产业高质量发展水平,并运用双向固定效应模型探讨我国肉牛产业高质量发展的影响因素。结果表明:研究期内我国肉牛产业高质量发展水平总体呈现缓慢波动上升趋势;我国肉牛产业高质量发展主要得益于质量安全和技术水平提高;4大肉牛生产地区肉牛产业高质量发展水平最高的是中原肉牛区,其次是东北肉牛区,再次是西南肉牛区和西北肉牛区;经济发展水平、市场化水平、交通条件、城镇化率和环境规制均能够显著促进我国肉牛产业高质量发展。因此,应提升肉牛养殖技术创新水平,强化肉牛产品质量安全,完善肉牛养殖地区协调机制,为加快构建肉牛产业高质量发展新格局提供参考。

基于物联网技术的鸡智能育种平台研究与应用

为解决鸡规模化生产过程中个体精细化数据采集难度大、成本高、选育配种效率低等问题,研究设计基于物联网的包括适用于鸡全生命周期佩戴的电子标签、自动称重台、移动终端采集系统及鸡智能育种管理系统的鸡智能育种平台。结果显示:该平台实现鸡育雏、育成、产蛋到淘汰各阶段个体外貌、生产性能、调群等数据的精准采集,以及系谱跟踪、报表生成、智能选配等功能;较传统铝质翅标佩戴效率提升40%,个体身份识别正确率超过98%,产蛋、体重、外貌等数据采集准确率超过99%,通过种鸡智能选种选配模型实现了种鸡的快速优选,避免近亲繁殖。研究表明,建立的鸡智能育种平台能满足不同规模养殖企业的生产需求,有效减少人力成本、提升育种效率。

碳约束下不同规模生猪养殖技术效率及贡献率测度

为了解决生猪养殖主体追求效益最大化和环境保护之间的冲突,度量碳约束下的生猪养殖技术效率,本研究以我国生猪养殖大省四川省、河南省、山东省、云南省、湖北省、广东省及广西壮族自治区为研究对象,选取2012—2021年4种生猪养殖规模投入产出的面板数据,采用超对数随机前沿模型对4种养殖规模下生猪养殖的技术效率及各生产要素的贡献率进行分析。结果表明:碳约束对散养、小规模和中规模养殖的技术效率具有显著影响,而对大规模养殖的技术效率影响不显著;中规模是生猪养殖生产前沿面的分界规模,当养殖规模低于中规模时,技术效率明显降低;当养殖规模为中规模时,技术效率明显提高;养殖规模对技术进步贡献率存在“U”型影响,小规模是“U”型拐点。说明我国应推广中、大规模养殖,其中小规模向中规模过渡时,应重点增加人工投入;中规模向大规模过渡时,应增加创新投入,提高技术进步贡献率。

养殖规模对技术效率及规模效率的影响分析——以河北省蛋鸡产业为例

为探索适度规模养殖促进畜禽业高质量发展的路径,推动我国畜禽规模化设施化养殖稳步发展,文章以河北省蛋鸡产业为例,根据实地调研数据,利用数据包络分析法(DEA)测算不同规模下蛋鸡养殖技术效率及规模效率,并定量分析养殖规模对技术效率及规模效率的影响。结果显示,河北省蛋鸡养殖技术效率与规模效率均处于较高水平,养殖规模与纯技术效率呈“U”型关系,与规模效率呈倒“U”型关系。研究表明,蛋鸡场需要避免投入要素冗余带来的技术效率损失,改善农业资源要素投入结构和质量,重视适度规模经营,发展高标准、规模化和专业化的现代蛋鸡养殖业。

华北地区蛋鸡养殖产业碳排放核算

华北地区是中国蛋鸡养殖的主要区域,摸清华北地区蛋鸡养殖产业碳排放清单,开展科学规范的蛋鸡养殖产业碳排放核算,可为中国畜牧业碳减排技术筛选和政策制定提供依据。该研究利用混合生命周期评价和联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(intergovernmental panel on climate change,IPCC)国家温室气体清单指南的相关核算方法,结合实地调研数据、GABI软件中Ecoinvent数据库和中国蛋鸡养殖业文献Meta分析数据,对华北地区蛋鸡养殖产业碳排放因子进行完善,构建出“饲料种植-蛋鸡饲养-鸡蛋包装-粪污存储-粪污处理”全生命周期的蛋鸡养殖产业碳排放核算方法。并将该方法用在华北某区域362家蛋鸡养殖场,综合分析蛋鸡养殖产业链各环节碳排放量,找到目前存在的碳排放问题,并提出碳减排建议。结果表明:1)大规模养殖场每羽蛋鸡1 a的碳排放量(以二氧化碳当量计,CO_(2)-eq)为23.0 kg,较小规模养殖场的25.6 kg和中等规模养殖场的24.4 kg少10.1%和5.7%。2)对每羽蛋鸡不同养殖环节1 a的碳排情况进行分析,发现饲料种植、蛋鸡肠道发酵、鸡蛋包装和粪便存储处理为主要排放源,排放量分别为13.0、2.2、2.2和1.2 kg。3)建议通过精准饲养,提高饲料利用率、提升畜禽粪污的处理水平、打破蛋鸡养殖固化模式等方式减少蛋鸡养殖碳排放。该研究可为蛋鸡养殖产业碳排放核算提供方法,并为制定碳减排政策提供科学依据。

蛋鸡养殖智能设备生产与应用现状调研分析

为了解我国蛋鸡智能养殖设备的生产和应用情况,试验采取随机抽样的方法,对全国18家蛋鸡智能设备生产企业和45家规模化蛋鸡养殖场进行问卷调研。对设备生产企业的调研内容主要包括基本情况以及智能设备生产情况,智能设备涉及到饲喂、环境控制、行为监测、疾病诊断、粪污处理等多环节。对养殖场的调研内容主要包括基本情况以及饲喂、环境控制、粪污处理、智能设备应用等,并选取部分养殖场进行现场走访。结果显示:年营业收入2000万元以上的大规模企业生产的环控设备和行为监测设备功能更为齐全,年存栏量10万只蛋鸡及以上的大规模蛋鸡养殖场在保温、光照控制和粪污处理方面的机械设备应用情况优于中小规模养殖户。进一步分析发现,不同规模企业生产的二氧化碳监测环控设备和打斗、啄羽以及产蛋行为监测设备的比例存在显著差异(P<0.05),规模水平对笼具类型、保温设备、自动光照控制和传送带清粪设备应用有显著影响(P<0.05)。研究提示:蛋鸡生产规模影响企业生产的智能养殖设备功能种类,大规模场养殖设备整体智能化水平优于中小规模场。

肉羊体外胚胎生产技术规模化应用中品种的影响

旨在分析品种因素对OPU-IVEP商业化快繁效率的影响。本研究以经品种鉴定的健康8月龄至3周岁黑头萨福克、黑头杜泊、德克赛尔肉用种母羊为试验供体,在内蒙古赛诺种羊科技有限公司,采用OPU技术获取卵母细胞并进行体外胚胎工厂化生产或经腹腔镜输精和手术冲胚获得体内胚胎,进行胚胎移植,记录卵母细胞回收、胚胎发育以及移植妊娠的相关数据,进行统计分析。比较不同品种在体外胚胎规模化生产中卵母细胞回收效率、卵母细胞体外受精和胚胎发育能力、胚胎移植妊娠和产羔效率等方面的差异;同时,还比较了不同品种体内、外胚胎生产技术的应用效果。结果表明:1)3个品种间卵母细胞回收率差异极显著(P<0.01),黑头杜泊回收效率最高;2)3个品种的体外受精卵裂率无显著差异(P>0.05),但德克赛尔羊的囊胚发育率极显著高于其他两个品种(P<0.01);3)无论体内胚胎还是体外胚胎生产移植,各品种间胚胎移植受胎率和平均产羔数均无显著差异(P>0.05),且各品种内,体内胚胎和体外胚胎移植的平均受胎率和产羔率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,在工厂化、规模化应用绵羊体外胚胎生产技术过程中,不同品种间卵泡发育、回收卵母细胞数、囊胚发育率等存在差异,平均卵泡数和平均回收卵母细胞最少的德克塞尔羊的囊胚发育率最高;移植后受胎和产羔情况在不同品种间无显著差异,体内胚胎和体外胚胎单次生产获得的后代数也无显著差异,但OPU-IVEP的供体利用率远大于MOET。

生猪价格波动风险抑制了专用性资产投资吗?——来自生猪养殖类上市公司的经验证据

为研究生猪价格波动风险是否会影响养殖主体的专用性资产投资,本文基于2007—2021年沪深两市的生猪养殖类企业进行了实证分析。研究发现,第一,生猪价格波动风险会显著抑制养殖企业的专用性资产投资;第二,机制检验表明,生猪价格波动风险通过降低企业的养殖规模、提升现金持有水平、降低经营收益,进而抑制专用性资产投资;第三,异质性检验表明,价格波动风险越高、企业养殖规模越大时,价格风险对专用性资产投资的抑制作用越明显。由此证实了价格波动风险会加大规模化生猪养殖企业生产及收益的不稳定性,进而抑制专用性资产投资,影响生猪养殖产业转型升级。

病死鸡移除末端执行器研究进展

规模化养殖过程中,病死鸡存在疫病传播和细菌滋生等问题,及时发现并移除病死鸡对养殖过程尤为重要。开发病死鸡自动移除末端执行器可以极大减少养殖过程中人工移除病死鸡的劳动量,降低疫病传播风险,提高养殖智能化水平。本文通过对现有死鸡自动移除末端执行器进行总结分析并结合不同作业对象末端执行器的研究方法,将可应用于病死鸡移除末端执行器分为散养式、笼养式,并对其进行结构分析,为规模化笼养鸡末端执行器的发展与应用提供参考。

规模蛋鸡场环境监测数智化养殖技术方案

针对蛋鸡养殖过程中环境监测智能化程度低等问题,结合养殖经验,提供了一套规模化蛋鸡场数智环境控技术方案与运行维护方案。该方案通过安全可靠的设施设备,能够及时获取鸡舍环境参数,并在权限范围内控制执行系统完成相应的调控指令,同时具备故障自检、预警、自我保护等功能,实现节约养殖成本、提升生产效率、提高鸡蛋品质、促进增收。