High-strain dynamic model of large-diameter pipe piles with soil plug for vertical vibration analysis

A rigorous analytical model is developed for simulating the vibration behaviors of large-diameter openended pipe piles(OEPPs)and surrounding soil undergoing high-strain impact loading.To describe the soil behavior,the soil along pile shaft is divided into slip and nonslip zones and the base soil is modeled as a fictitious-soil pile(FSP)to account for the wave propagation in the soil.True soil properties are adopted and slippage at the pile-soil interface is considered,allowing realistic representation of largediameter OEPP mechanics.The developed model is validated by comparing with conventional models and finite element method(FEM).It is further used to successfully simulate and interpret the behaviors of a steel OEPP during the offshore field test.It is found that the variation in the vertical vibrations of shaft soil along radial direction is significant for large-diameter OEPPs,and the velocity amplitudes of the internal and external soil attenuate following different patterns.The shaft soil motion may not attenuate with depth due to the soil slippage,while the wave attenuation at base soil indicates an influence depth,with a faster attenuation rate than that in the pile.The findings from the current study should aid in simulating the vibration behaviors of large-diameter OEPP-soil system under high-strain dynamic loading.

A theoretical analysis of vertical dynamic response of large-diameter pipe piles in layered soil

Considering the viscous damping of the soil and soil-pile vertical coupled vibration,a computational model of large-diameter pipe pile in layered soil was established.The analytical solution in frequency domain was derived by Laplace transformation method.The responses in time domain were obtained by inverse Fourier transformation.The results of the analytical solution proposed agree well with the solutions in homogenous soil.The effects of the shear modulus and damping coefficients of the soil at both outer and inner sides of the pipe pile were researched.The results indicate that the shear modulus of the outer soil has more influence on velocity admittance than the inner soil.The smaller the shear modulus,the larger the amplitude of velocity admittance.The velocity admittance weakened by the damping of the outer soil is more obvious than that weakened by the damping of the inner soil.The displacements of the piles with the same damping coefficients of the outer soil have less difference.Moreover,the effects of the distribution of soil layers are analyzed.The results indicate that the effect of the upper soil layer on dynamic response of the pipe pile is more obvious than that of the bottom soil layer.A larger damping coefficient of the upper layer results in a smaller velocity admittance.The dynamic response of the pipe pile in layered soil is close to that of the pipe pile in homogenous soil when the properties of the upper soil layer are the same.

A Theoretical Analysis of the Bearing Performance of Vertically Loaded Large-Diameter Pipe Pile Groups

This paper aims to present a theoretical method to study the bearing performance of vertically loaded large-diameter pipe pile groups.The interactions between group piles result in different bearing performance of both a single pile and pile groups.Considering the pile group effect and the skin friction from both outer and inner soils,an analytical solution is developed to calculate the settlement and axial force in large-diameter pipe pile groups.The analytical solution was verified by centrifuge and field testing results.An extensive parametric analysis was performed to study the bearing performance of the pipe pile groups.The results reveal that the axial forces in group piles are not the same.The larger the distance from central pile,the larger the axial force.The axial force in the central pile is the smallest,while that in corner piles is the largest.The axial force on the top of the corner piles decreases while that in the central pile increases with increasing of pile spacing and decreasing of pile length.The axial force in side piles varies little with the variations of pile spacing,pile length,and shear modulus of the soil and is approximately equal to the average load shared by one pile.For a pile group,the larger the pile length is,the larger the influence radius is.As a result,the pile group effect is more apparent for a larger pile length.The settlement of pile groups decreases with increasing of the pile number in the group and the shear modulus of the underlying soil.

High-frequency interference in low strain integrity testing of large-diameter pipe piles

The high-frequency interference exists obviously in low strain integrity testing of large-diameter pipe pile when a transientpoint load is applied. An analytical solution of vertical vibratory response of large-diameter pipe piles in low strain testing isdeduced in this paper. The analytical solution is verified by both numerical simulation and model test results. The time-domainvelocity responses on pile top are analyzed. The calculation results indicate that the time-domain responses at various pointssuffer different high-frequency interferences, thus the peak values and phases of different points are different. The influence ofvibratory modes on high-frequency interference is analyzed. It is found that the high-frequency interference at 90° point main-ly derives from the second flexural mode, but for other points it mainly originates from the first flexural mode. The factors af-fecting the frequency and peak value of interference waves have been investigated in this study. The results indicate that thelarger radius angle between the receiving and 90° points leads to greater peak value of high frequency wave crest. The leasthigh-frequency interference is detected at the angle of 90°. The frequency of interference waves is decreased with the increaseof pile radius, while the peak value is almost constant. The frequency is also related to pile modulus, i.e. the larger pile modu-lus results in greater frequency. The peak value varies with impulse width and soil resistance, i.e., the wider impulse width andlarger soil resistance cause smaller peak value. In conclusion, the frequency of interference waves is dependent on the geomet-rical and mechanics characteristics of the piles such as pile radius and modulus, but independent of the external conditionssuch as impulse width and soil resistance. On the other hand, the peak value of interference waves is mainly dependent on theexternal conditions but independent of the geometrical and mechanics characteristics of the piles. In practice, some externalmeasures should be adopted to weaken high-frequency interference such as using soft hammer, hammer cushion and adoptingsuitable receiving point.

Effect of soil set-up on the capacity of jacked concrete pipe piles in mixed soils

The increase in capacity of displacement piles with time after installation is typically known as soil/pile set-up. A full-scale field test is carried out to observe the set-up effect for open-ended concrete pipe piles jacked into mixed soils. Both the total capacity and the average unit shaft resistance increase approximately linearly with logarithmic time. The average increase rate for unit shaft resistance is 44% per log cycle, while the average increase for total capacity is approximately 21%. A review on case histories for long-term set-up indicates an average set-up rate of approximately 40%. Based on this, the mechanism of pile set-up is discussed in detail and a three-phase model is suggested.

轴力对预应力高强混凝土管桩抗震性能的影响

目的研究轴力和往复荷载作用下预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,为预应力高强混凝土管桩的设计和实际工程应用提供参考依据。方法应用ABAQUS有限元软件对预应力高强混凝土管桩进行有限元模拟,并与已有试验结果对比,两者吻合良好,验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,研究轴压比和有无普通钢筋及普通钢筋直径对预应力高强混凝土管桩滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、延性及耗能能力的影响。结果配置普通钢筋可以提高预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力和延性,对刚度影响不大;随着轴压比的增加,预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力逐渐提高,但延性变差,轴压比为0.45时,预应力高强混凝土管桩发生脆性破坏。结论配置普通钢筋可以有效改善预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,预应力高强混凝土管桩的轴压比不宜超过0.3。

非挤土嵌岩预应力高强度混凝土管桩的桩端承载性能研究

施工装备和工艺的不断创新使得非挤土嵌岩预应力高强度混凝土(prestressed high-strength concrete,简称PHC)管桩逐渐得到推广和应用。为揭示嵌入中微风化岩PHC管桩的桩端承载机制,以随钻跟管工法桩为背景,基于泥质粉砂岩地区5组桩径为500 mm的PHC管桩桩端现场静载破坏性试验,分析了不同条件下嵌岩PHC管桩的桩端承载性能及宏观破坏模式,并提出桩端承载力计算方法。试验表明:对于采用敞口桩靴的PHC管桩,未封底时,敞口桩靴削弱了PHC管桩桩端承载性能,呈现刺入岩基的破坏,极限荷载下桩端沉降为11~15 mm;混凝土封底后,显著提高了桩端承载性能,极限承载力较非封底时提升340%,封底混凝土和桩靴的桩端阻力分担比分别为78%和22%,桩端呈整体剪切破坏。基于Hoek-Brown强度准则,提出了嵌岩PHC管桩桩端承力简化计算方法,计算精度得到了试验验证,可供非挤土嵌岩PHC管桩的设计与施工参考。

微型钢管桩内接于灌注桩围护结构计算方法探讨

针对土岩结合二元地层深基坑工程中“吊脚桩”围护结构存在的问题,提出了灌注桩内接微型钢管桩围护结构。考虑微型钢管桩与桩间岩土的“纽结效应”和开挖后桩间岩石与带裂缝混凝土相似性,将该结构等效为上部灌注桩+下部带裂缝的钢筋混凝土无腹筋等效梁阶梯变截面桩(梁)模型,下部等效梁中微型钢管为纵向钢筋,桩间岩石为带裂缝混凝土。用侧向刚度折减来定量表征围护结构截面减少和岩体裂缝对围护结构刚度影响,提出基于侧向刚度折减的弹性支点法来计算围护结构内力,并考虑纵筋销栓作用计算等效梁抗剪承载力。工程实例计算表明,侧向刚度折减系数β由0.85减至0.12,上部灌注桩弯矩增大55.8%,下部等效梁弯矩减少48.7%,上部灌注桩剪力减少13.6%,下部等效梁剪力减少22.0%,桩顶水平位移增加39.5%。开挖至土岩结合面处该结构相对于“吊脚桩”围护结构,桩顶水平位移、竖向沉降没有明显突增,桩顶最终水平位移、竖向沉降仅为“吊脚桩”围护结构的43%、69%。桩顶水平位移监测值为5.5mm,仅为计算包络值的35%,说明刚度折减系数可适当提高。本研究可为土岩结合二元地层深基坑支护提供参考。

公路工程不同软基处治技术碳排放分析及降碳对策研究

为研究不同软基处治技术的碳排放水平,基于生命周期理论开展就地固化、预应力管桩、泡沫混凝土技术建设期碳排放核算研究,对碳排放贡献突出因素进行分析。研究结果表明,就地固化技术碳排放强度最小,为0.05 t·m^(-3),泡沫混凝土次之,为0.30 t·m^(-3),预应力管桩最大,为1.61 t·m^(-3)。对三种软基处治技术碳排放影响最大的因素均是材料生产碳排,占93%以上。同时,从固废利用、智能管理、能源升级、生命周期降碳角度提出软基施工降碳建议。研究结果可为中国软土地区公路建设低碳技术选用及低碳建设管理提供支撑。

倾斜PRC管桩组合支护结构在基坑工程中的应用

预应力混凝土(PRC)管桩具有抗弯刚度大、延性高及成桩可靠等特点,更适合于以受水平力为主的基坑工程;斜直交替及斜直组合双排桩支护体具有重力、刚架及斜撑效应,可以有效减小桩身水平变形及内力。以淤泥质地区倾斜PRC管桩基坑支护为例,结合设计方案比选、倾斜PRC管桩施工、基坑变形监测和分析、探讨倾斜PRC管桩组合结构的支护效果,结果表明倾斜PRC组合支护结构较好地控制了基坑变形,在淤泥质地区的应用效果良好。

基于LS-DYNA的ECC管桩的抗冲击性能分析

为研究工程水泥基复合材料(Engineering Cementitious Composite,ECC)管桩的抗冲击性能,采用Ansys/LS-DYNA对管桩受竖向落锤冲击作用进行模拟。基于静态拉压试验和动态压缩试验获得关键参数,建立ECC管桩的HJC(Holmquist-Johnson-Cook)本构模型,通过霍普金森压杆试验(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar,SHPB)验证有限元模型的正确性。对不同锤体质量和冲击速度组合的管桩模型进行参数化分析,得到管桩在不同冲击能量下的位移、能量时程曲线和有效塑性应变图等动力响应。结果表明:在竖向冲击作用下,ECC管桩的最大残余变形只有高强混凝土(High-Strength Concrete,HC)管桩的66.0%,最小残余变形仅为HC管桩的13.7%;且ECC管桩释放的变形能占比平均为HC管桩的6.26倍。表明ECC管桩较HC管桩有更好的抗损伤能力和弹性恢复能力。

某建筑工程预应力混凝土管桩施工振动监测与承载力分析

为探究预应力混凝土管桩施工对周围环境的影响,以福州市长乐区某建筑工程为背景,在考虑场地土类型影响的基础上进行预应力混凝土管桩施工振动监测,并通过竖向抗压静载试验分析预应力混凝土管桩承载力是否满足设计要求。结果表明,预应力混凝土管桩施工对周围环境的影响与场地土类型有关,中硬土上管桩施工对周围环境的影响最大,中软土次之,软弱土最小;所选试验桩的Q-s曲线均为缓变型曲线,且试验结果均满足设计要求。

预应力空心方桩与预应力管桩力学性能比较和经济性分析

对预应力高强混凝土空心方桩(PHS)与预应力高强混凝土管桩(PHC)两种桩型的桩身物理性能和力学性能进行比较分析,并结合工程案例,进一步对两种桩型的单桩竖向承载力、桩基础工程量及造价进行了力学性能及经济性比较,最后对两种桩型的堆放方式进行了简单介绍。

钢筋混凝土预应力管桩在泥灰岩地区的应用分析

泥灰岩地质较为复杂,主要包含粘土、薄层状灰岩等组分,结构松散、含水量较高,多孔,岩石强度较低,存在很多裂隙、溶洞等现象,加大了工程施工难度。钢筋混凝土预应力管桩技术主要是预先对管桩施加预应力,强化桩身承载力和提高抗变形能力,该类管桩能够良好适应泥灰岩地区环境。在预应力管桩制作中,往往需要高强度混凝土和预应力钢筋制成,通过张拉工艺对钢筋施加预拉应力,以便放张预应力钢筋后在桩身混凝土施加强大预压应力。论文主要对钢筋混凝土预应力管桩在泥灰岩地区的应用要点进行分析,从而进一步提高管桩施工水平,为有效解决泥灰岩地区管桩施工难题提供依据。

预应力混凝土管桩施工技术选择与应用

针对锦绣华庭项目复杂的地质条件,通过现场分别进行静压沉桩法与锤击沉桩法沉桩试验,总结分析两种不同沉桩方式的优缺点。通过考虑施工工艺的适用性和可改进性,以及工期、经济及社会效益等方面,最终选择更适合本项目施工的锤击沉桩法。但锤击沉桩法施工噪声和振动非常大,而项目位于古遗址、古文物区域及城区居民区,对施工振动、噪声控制等文明施工要求很严格。因此,对锤击沉桩施工方法进行了改进,以减少噪声和降低振动,同时达到了速沉桩、成桩率高的目的,并且克服了传统植桩法在复杂地基施工过程中遇到的难题,为以后相近条件的项目施工提供参考。

预应力混凝土管桩在高速公路软土地基中的应用研究

为了解决高速公路改扩建工程中软土地基承载力差等问题,施工人员常采用预应力混凝土管桩进行软基加固。通过对预应力混凝土管桩在软土地基中的应用进行研究和分析,结果表明:单桩在竖向荷载作用下的承载机理主要受桩身自重和土体侧向土压力的影响,通过预应力技术,可以增强桩体的抗弯能力、提高承载能力;影响单桩承载力的主要因素包括桩径、桩长、预应力水平等,其中,桩径和桩长是影响承载力的关键因素。静压桩通过外部静压力将桩体沉入土体中,形成摩擦阻力和端阻力,从而提高桩体的承载能力。通过系统分析,可以更好地理解预应力混凝土管桩在软土地基中的应用及其施工技术,为工程实践提供参考。

填海陆域区大直径单节超长预应力管桩高桩架限位与液压冲锤沉桩施工技术

针对单节超长预应力管桩在填海陆域区施工受限的问题,提出采用高桩架限位和液压冲锤沉桩的施工方法。通过加装限位抱箍的沉桩限位架对大直径超长预应力管桩进行固定限位,起吊液压冲击锤对管桩进行沉桩,巨大的冲击能量配合特制的敞开式导向桩尖,管桩沉入导向性好、穿透能力强,实现管桩快速高效沉入至设计标高,形成相应的施工新技术。

管桩废浆对C30混凝土性能影响的研究

管桩废浆是指管桩在制备过程中经离心后排放出来的悬浊液,该悬浊液中含有水泥、磨细砂、砂粉、水和外加剂等组分。本文通过试验研究管桩废浆对C30混凝土的初始扩展度/坍落度、混凝土容重、凝结时间、抗压强度(3d、14d、28d、60d)等性能的影响,发现管桩废浆在C30混凝土中再生应用存在的问题,为管桩废浆在商品混凝土中的应用提供简单的指引。

预应力管桩长螺旋引孔注浆与自重式植桩施工技术

针对常规预应力管桩施工方法在基坑底部施工受限的问题,提出在桩位预引孔注浆及植桩的方法。通过将注浆系统与长螺旋钻机集成一体,实现长螺旋喷气钻进引孔、提升钻杆同步注浆一体施工,待形成水泥浆孔后,将预应力管桩以自重式植入浆孔内,最后通过振动锤和送桩器送至桩端持力层。管桩和水泥浆有机结合,形成强度较高的水泥土复合管桩,显著提高桩身承载力,满足施工正常开展,同时确保管桩植桩质量。

低应变检测管桩局限性及联合孔内摄像判定完整性研究

预应力混凝土管桩应用普遍,质量检测内容为完整性与承载力。低应变法作为检测桩身完整性的普查方法,有高效、检测周期短的优点,但是低应变法无法对竖向裂缝有效的识别,对工程是一种极大的质量隐患。因此本文探讨了低应变法的局限性与孔内摄像技术的优点,将两种方法进行对比与结合,提出了在已知低应变法判定结果的前提下,采用孔内摄像技术进一步确定桩身综合完整性类别的方法。对桩身竖向裂缝排查检和检测提供了保障。