"Angel's Love"Chinese Goddess Nuwa Culture——Large-scale Activities for Public Interests

Initiated by Chinese Red Cross Foundation and sponsored by American .General Business Association, Chinese Nuwa （a goddess-creator of the Chinese nation） Culture Large-scale Activities for Public Interests undertaken by Beijing Absolute Challenge International Advertising Co., Ltd. has recently commenced in an all-round way. A grand ceremony will be held at Nuwa Plaza in Shexian County, Hebei Province on Septemper 24, 2007.

Optimization for Production of Intracellular Polysaccharide from Cordyceps ophioglossoides L2 in Submerged Culture and Its Antioxidant Activities in vitro

Cordyceps ophioglossoides is a valuable traditional medicinal material.We have found that intracellular polysaccharide(IPS) is the major biologically active ingredient in Cordyceps ophioglossoides.This study is the first time to optimize the yield of IPS from Cordyceps ophioglossoides.The optimal medium for IPS production consists of glucose 54.50 g·L·1,yeast powder 25.50 g·L·1,NaH2PO4 0.4 g·L·1 and K2HPO4 0.4 g·L·1.The suggested culture conditions are 24 ℃,initial pH 4.5 with a rotary speed of 120 r·min·1 for 168 h.The yield of IPS is 737.93 mg·L·1,which is 50% higher than the yield under the conditions prior to optimization.The anti-oxidative activities of IPS in Cordyceps ophioglossoides L2 are also characterized using various in vitro assay.The anti-oxidative activity may explain the reason why IPS from Cordyceps ophioglossoides can be used to fight against neurodegenerative dis-eases and menopausal symptoms.

Research on the Strategy of Integrating Red Culture into Patriotic Education Activities of Young People

Young people are the flowers of the motherland, is the future of the motherland, youth teachers have great responsibilities. Integrate red culture into daily teaching activities, inherit and carry forward, enhance children’s values, cultivate children’s excellent qualities such as patriotism and selfless dedication, improve children’s comprehensive quality, and let children grow up healthily. Taking red culture as the starting point, this paper discusses the strategy of integrating red cultural resources into patriotic education activities of teenagers, points out the existing problems in the current integration of red culture into patriotic education activities of teenagers and finds out the reasons;clarify the relevant concepts of red culture and patriotic education activities for young people;from the three aspects of integrating curriculum resources to enhance the significance of red culture education, creating a red environment to create a red education atmosphere, and digging deep into red cultural resources, this paper discusses the strategy of integrating red culture into patriotic education activities for young people, aiming to promote the organic combination of patriotic education activities and red culture for young people, and increase national and cultural self-confidence.

Positive influence of traditional culture and socioeconomic activity on conservation: A case study from the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Tibet

Found in the Trans-Himalayas of north-west Yunnan and south-east Tibet, the black-and-white snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus bieti） is one of the world’s most endangered primates. A recent survey indicates that only 15 groups with 2500 individuals remain in the wild. However, the Tibetan Xiaochangdu group may be the only equilibrium group in the field since the last investigation in 1988. To evaluate the effects of traditional culture and socioeconomic activity on biodiversity conservation of R. bieti, we conducted a case study in the Honglaxueshan National Nature Reserve in southeast Tibet from June 2003 to May 2005. Interviews, direct observations, and analysis of socioeconomic data indicated major advantages to the conservation of R. bieti, which included that： 1） traditional culture mainly depended on raising livestock and collecting non-timber products rather than forest planting of Tibetan highland barley; 2） religious beliefs, against to kill any wildlife living on the sacred mountain, were mainly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism; and 3） bigger household numbers were induced by the polyandrous marriage system, which resulted in lower per capita resource consumption than smaller ones.

Chemical Compositions and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from Thymus Seedlings of Tissue Culture

[Objective] This study aimed to compare and analyze the chemical compositions, the relative contents and the antibacterial activity of the essential oils extracted from the tissue culture seedlings, the aseptic seedlings and the common seedlings from seeds of Thymus vulgaris. [Method] The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation; the chemical compositions and their relative contents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS） and peak area normalization method; and the antimicrobial activity was tested by filter paper method. [Result] A total of 54 compositions were identified from these three samples, they had similar main compositions： thymol, m-Cymene, terpinene and so on, and these compositions were slightly different in contents. In addition, the essential oils from these three samples exhibited obvious antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, in which the antibacterial activity against S. aureus was stronger than against E. coli. [Conclusion] It is possible to produce essential oil by tissue culture technology; the main compositions and antibacterial activity of the oils remained almost the same.

Studies on Electrical Activation of Porcine Oocytes Matured in vitro and Embryo Culture Systems

Conditions for electrical parthenogenetic activation of porcine oocytes matured in vitro and in vitro culture systems of porcine embryo were studied. The best results were achieved under the conditions of electrical field strength and the pulse duration at 130Vmm-1/80 us, with a blastocyst development rate of (20.12 ± 8.18) % (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found between treatments of multiple pulses and a single pulse (P > 0.05). Parthenogenetic embryos were cultured with different methods and air conditions for 7 days in vitro, blastocyst development rate of embryos with changed culture media [ (26.44 ± 8.35) % ] or changed media with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) [ (17.68 ± 5.39)% ] on the fifth day showing no significant difference from that of embryos without change of culture media [ (25.30 ± 7.55) % , P > 0.05 ], while cell numbers of blastocysts from embryos with changed culture media (15.78 + 5.46 and 14.55 ± 4.81) were significantly lower than number of blastocysts from embryos without change of culture media (18.01 ± 6.79, P<0.01). Blastocyst development rate and blastocyst cell number of embryos cultured in lower O2(5%CO2: 7%O2:88%N2) also showed no significant difference from those in high O2(5%CO2 in air) [(20.78 ± 8. 80)% and 17.0016.12 vs. (25.30 ± 7.55)% and 18.0116.79, P>0.05]. It is concluded that change of culture media with the same new one or changing over to media with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) on the fifth day and low O2 environment are not necessary for porcine embryos development.

Relatedness between catalytic effect of activated carbon and passivation phenomenon during chalcopyrite bioleaching by mixed thermophilic Archaea culture at 65°C

The relatedness between catalytic effect of activated carbon and passivation phenomenon during chalcopyrite bioleachingby mixed thermophilic Archaea culture(Acidianus brierleyi,Metallosphaera sedula,Acidianus manzaensis and Sulfolobusmetallicus)at65°C was studied.Leaching experiments showed that the addition of activated carbon could significantly promote thedissolution of chalcopyrite for both bioleaching and chemical leaching.The results of synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction,ironL-edge and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy indicated that activated carbon could change thetransition path of electrons through galvanic interactions to form more readily dissolved secondary mineral chalcocite at a low redoxpotential(?400mV)and then enhanced the copper dissolution.Jarosite accumulated immediately in the initial stage of bioleachingwith activated carbon but copper dissolution was not hindered.However,much jarosite precipitated on the surface of chalcopyrite inthe late stage of bioleaching,which might account for the decrease of copper dissolution rate.More elemental sulfur(S0)was alsodetected with additional activated carbon but the mixed thermophilic Archaea culture had a great sulfur oxidation activity,thus S0waseliminated and seemed to have no significant influence on the dissolution of chalcopyrite.

Relationships of growth and mortality to enzymatic activity,and the relative mRNA expression of cultured scallops Patinopecten yessoensis in the Yellow Sea, China

The bottom aquaculture of yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) has developed rapidly in the north of Yellow Sea, China, but not without accompanying productivity problems. We, therefore, conducted field surveys to investigate factors related to growth and mortality rates of bottom-cultured scallops after release. Specifically, we focused on the effects of total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and three key enzymes involved in antioxidant and metabolic function:glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Across summer and winter, we also measured the relative mRNA expression of GPT and SOD to understand their seasonal variation in the scallops, along with how such variation correlated to growth and mortality. Results show that bottom cultured scallops experienced mass mortality during the first six months post-release. During winter (December), scallops grew more rapidly and suffered less mortality than in summer (August). The observed lower performance probably resulted from less advantageous environmental factors during the summer seasons, such as high temperature and low dissolved oxygen. These environmental stressors enhance protein consumption while decreasing energetic resources in scallops. Furthermore, scallops in summer exhibited high antioxidant levels that probably competed for energy with process integral to growth and survival. These negative factors combined to elevate mortality rates. In conclusion, we provided evidence suggesting correlations between metabolic/antioxidant activity and growth and mortality of bottom-cultured yesso scallops. These correlations implied us an accurate method to estimate the performance of bottom culture system. Suggestions about innovative aquaculture techniques were also discussed in the study. Our results might provide a possible guideline to the improvement of bottom culture techniques for this commercially valuable seafood species.

Antimicrobial Activity of Submerged Culture Extracts from Xylaria striata

[ Objective ] The paper was to explore the antimicmbial activities of extracts from Xylaria striata via submerged culture. [ Methods ] The antibacterial activities of X. striata extracts against 10 kinds of bacteria were determined using Oxford cup method and mJcroplate assay, and the antifungal activities against nine kinds of pathogenic fungi were determined using mycelial growth rate method. [ Results ] The inhibition zone diameters of the mycelium extract against tested bacte- ria ranged from 13.0 to 17.5 mm, and that of the fermentation broth extract ranged from 10.5 to 12.7 ram. Enterobacter cloacae was the most sensitive to both my- celium extract and fermentation broth extract, with the inhibition zone diameters of 17.1 and 12.7 mm and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effects of the mycelium extract and the fermentation broth extract against Fusarium graminearum were the greatest, and the in- hibition rates were 89.88% and 69.53%, respectively. [ Conclusion] X. striata has potential antimicrobial activity and deserves to be further studied.

Adaptive Antenna-Activation Based Beamforming for Large-Scale MIMO Communication Systems of High Speed Railway

Large-scale array aided beamforming improves the spectral efficiency(SE) as a benefit of high angular resolution.When dual-beam downlink beamforming is applied to the train moving towards cell edge,the inter-beam ambiguity(IBA) increases as the directional difference between beams becomes smaller.An adaptive antenna activation based beamforming scheme was proposed to mitigate IBA.In the district near the base station(BS),all antenna elements(AEs) were activated to generate two beams.As the distance from the train to the BS increased,only the minimum number of AEs satisfying the resolution criterion would be activated.At the cell edge,one beam was switched off due to intolerable IBA.The proposed scheme can achieve SE gain to the non-adaptive scheme and show more robustness against the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation error.

Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Standardized Extracts from Leaves and Cell Cultures of Three Callistemon Species

A comparative study was carried out with ethanolic (80%) extracts from leaves and cell cultures of three Callistemon species, namely C. lanceolatus (CL), C. viridiflorous (CV), and C. comboynensis (CC). Cell suspensions of the three species were grown in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (100 ml) supplemented with 0.9 mg·g-1 kinetin in combination with 1.1 mg·g-1 NAA. The CL leaf extract was standardized to contain the highest amount of phenolics (104 ± 2.0 mg·g-1), followed by CC (95.8 ± 1.2 mg·g-1) and CV (79.8 ± 4.6 mg·g-1). On the other hand, cell cultures of CV contained more phenolics (14.9 ± 0.6 mg·g-1) than those of the other two species, CL and CC, which contained 12.2 ± 0.16 and 9.12 ± 0.16 mg·g-1, respectively. Nevertheless, CV leaf extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (91.4% ± 0.4%) at a concentration of 1000 μg·ml-1, comparable to 100 μg·ml-1 gallic acid (90.8% ± 1.5%).

Optimization of Culture Components for Laccase Activity from Pleurotus Ostreatus P40 Using Response Surface Methodology

High enzymatic activity is required for laccase applications.Central composite design （CCD）-based response surface methodology （RSM） can effectively increase the enzymatic activity of Pleurotus ostreatus P40 in liquid substrate fermentation.Initial screening of the nutritional components was performed using a Plackett-Burman design.The variables,namely,bran,bagasse,Tween 80,and yeast extract,were found to have statistically significant effects on laccase activity.These variables were further optimized using CCD-based RSM.Optimal concentrations for the maximum laccase activity were 8.144 2 g/L bran,50 g/L bagasse,0.424 1 mL/L Tween 80,and 2.832 5 g/L yeast extract.Under optimized conditions,the maximum measured laccase activity reached 96 480 U/L,which was close to the predicted value （104 830 U/L） by RSM.Therefore,RSM can be used to optimize culture components for laccase activity from Pieurotus ostreatus P40.

Total Phenols,Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity in Annona muricata and Annona purpurea Callus Culture

Callus cultures of Annona muricata and Annona purpurea were induced in Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with different concentrations of 1-naphthylacetic acid(NAA),6-benzyladenine(BA)and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)utilized hypocotyls with explant.The highest percentage of callus formation was the treatment supplemented with 3 mg L-1 NAA for A.muricata(100%)while for A.purpurea in lower percentage(75%).BA stimulated the formation of shoots in all the evaluated concentrations,being the concentration of 2 mg L-1 the one that induced the greater formation of shoots for A.muricata(23 shoots/explant)and A.purpurea(28 shoots/explant).The content of total phenols,flavonoids and antioxidant activity was measured in the callus obtained from both species.The results showed that a higher content of total phenols was quantified in callus of A.purpurea(27.8 mg g-1 dw)compared to A.muricata(23.2 mg g-1 dw).The highest content of total flavonoids was observed in the callus of A.purpurea(8.0μg g-1 dw).Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracil radical assay.The concentration required for 50%inhibition(IC50)of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracil radicals were 4.22μg mL-1 in methanolic extracts of callus of A.muricata,while in extracts of callus of A.purpurea was 2.86μg mL-1,in both cases was greater than that found for leaves.Callus culture of the species studied in this work represents an alternative for the production of natural antioxidants.

China-Israel Cultural and Trade Promotion Activities Attract Israelis

A series of China-Israel cultural and trade promotion activities were launched on January 8 at the China Cultural Center in Tel Aviv,attracting scores of Israelis.The three-day activities included a China-Israel cultural innovation program roadshow,“China Style”cultural and creative product exhibition as well as“This Moment in Pudong”photography exhibition to commemorate the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and openingup.“The Jewish Refugees and Shanghai”exhibition and“Oriental Rhythms”Yueju Opera class are also two important parts of these activities.China’s national intangible cultural heritage,pottery and porcelain,silk,embroidery,and tea ceremony were also staged.

Differential development and electrophysiological activity in cultured cortical neurons from the mouse and cynomolgus monkey

In vitro cultures of primary cortical neurons are widely used to investigate neuronal function.However,it has yet to be fully investigated whether there are significant differences in development and function between cultured rodent and primate cortical neurons,and whether these differences influence the utilization of cultured cortical neurons to model pathological conditions.Using in vitro culture techniques combined with immunofluorescence and electrophysiological methods,our study found that the development and maturation of primary cerebral cortical neurons from cynomolgus monkeys were slower than those from mice.We used a microelectrode array technique to compare the electrophysiological differences in cortical neurons,and found that primary cortical neurons from the mouse brain began to show electrical activity earlier than those from the cynomolgus monkey.Although cultured monkey cortical neurons developed slowly in vitro,they exhibited typical pathological features-revealed by immunofluorescent staining-when infected with adeno-associated viral vectors expressing mutant huntingtin(HTT),the Huntington’s disease protein.A quantitative analysis of the cultured monkey cortical neurons also confirmed that mutant HTT significantly reduced the length of neurites.Therefore,compared with the primary cortical neurons of mice,cultured monkey cortical neurons have longer developmental and survival times and greater sustained physiological activity,such as electrophysiological activity.Our findings also suggest that primary cynomolgus monkey neurons cultured in vitro can simulate a cell model of human neurodegenerative disease,and may be useful for investigating time-dependent neuronal death as well as treatment via neuronal regeneration.All mouse experiments and protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Jinan University of China(IACUC Approval No.20200512-04)on May 12,2020.All monkey experiments were approved by the IACUC protocol(IACUC Approval No.LDACU 20190820-01)on August 23,2019 for animal management and use.