Evaluation of a Micro-scale Wind Model's Performance over Realistic Building Clusters Using Wind Tunnel Experiments

The simulation performance over complex building clusters of a wind simulation model（Wind Information Field Fast Analysis model, WIFFA） in a micro-scale air pollutant dispersion model system（Urban Microscale Air Pollution dispersion Simulation model, UMAPS） is evaluated using various wind tunnel experimental data including the CEDVAL（Compilation of Experimental Data for Validation of Micro-Scale Dispersion Models） wind tunnel experiment data and the NJU-FZ experiment data（Nanjing University-Fang Zhuang neighborhood wind tunnel experiment data）. The results show that the wind model can reproduce the vortexes triggered by urban buildings well, and the flow patterns in urban street canyons and building clusters can also be represented. Due to the complex shapes of buildings and their distributions, the simulation deviations/discrepancies from the measurements are usually caused by the simplification of the building shapes and the determination of the key zone sizes. The computational efficiencies of different cases are also discussed in this paper. The model has a high computational efficiency compared to traditional numerical models that solve the Navier–Stokes equations, and can produce very high-resolution（1–5 m） wind fields of a complex neighborhood scale urban building canopy（～ 1 km ×1km） in less than 3 min when run on a personal computer.

Water Modeling of Optimizing Tundish Flow Field

In the water modeling experiments, three cases were considered, i. e, , a bare tundish, a tundish equipped with a turbulence inhibitor, and a rectangular tundish equipped with weirs （dams） and a turbulence inhibitor. Comparing the RTD curves, inclusion separation, and the result of the streamline experiment, it can be found that the tundish equipped with weirs （dams） and a turbulence inhibitor has a great effect on the flow field and the inclusion separation when compared with the sole use or no use of the turbulent inhibitor or weirs （dams）. In addition, the enlargement of the distance between the weir and dam will result in a better effect when the tundish equipped with weirs （dam） and a turbulence inhibitor was used.

WHU-Grace01s:A new temporal gravity field model recovered from GRACE KBRR data alone

A new temporal gravity field model called WHU-Grace01s solely recovered from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （GRACE） K-Band Range Rate （KBRR） data based on dynamic integral approach is presented in this paper. After meticulously preprocessing of the GRACE KBRR data, the root mean square of its post residuals is about 0.2 micrometers per second, and seventy-two monthly temporal solutions truncated to degree and order 60 are computed for the period from January 2003 to December 2008. After applying the combi- nation filter in WHU-Grace01s, the global temporal signals show obvious periodical change rules in the large-scale fiver basins. In terms of the degree variance, our solution is smaller at high degrees, and shows a good consistency at the rest of degrees with the Release 05 models from Center for Space Research （CSR）, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam （GFZ） and Jet Pro- pulsion Laboratory 0PL）. Compared with other published models in terms of equivalent water height distribution, our solution is consistent with those published by CSR, GFZ, JPL, Delft institute of Earth Observation and Space system （DEOS）, Tongji University （Tongji）, Institute of Theoretical Geodesy （ITG）, Astronomical Institute in University of Bern （AIUB） and Groupe de Recherche de Geodesie Spatiale （GRGS}, which indicates that the accuracy of WHU-Grace01s has a good consistency with the previously published GRACE solutions.

Experimental Simulation Study of Smoke Flowing Properties in Running Train

Tbe experimental simulation has been performed to investigate the smoke flowing properties within the 1/5 reduced-scale model of a sleeping carriage. The velocity field of the running train on fire is simulated in a wind tunnel of the State Key Lab of Fire Science, USTC (University of Science & Technology of China). In this paper, the fire-smoking properties and the variation of the temperature field in the sleeping carriage are analyzed. This paper introduces the simulation method of reducedscale experiment about the running train and the analysis or the experimental data. It provides the basis of experiment for the running train’s fire-safety and full-scale experiment in the future study.

Input signal design to estimate interwell connectivities in mature fields from the capacitance-resistance model

Interwell connectivities are fundamental parameters required to manage waterfloods in oil reservoirs. Data-driven models, such as the capacitance-resistance model （CRM）, are fast tools to estimate these parameters from time-correlations of input （injection rates） and output （production rates） signals. Noise and structure of the input time-series impose limits on the information that can be extracted from a given data-set. This work uses the CRM to study general prescriptions for the design of input signals that enhance the information content of injection/production data in the estimation of well-to-well interactions. Numerical schemes and general features of the optimal input signal strategy are derived for this problem.

大凉山背斜核部区隧道初支大变形机理与控制

针对大凉山2号公路隧道穿越高地应力背斜核心区域,隧道易发生初支大变形、坍塌、钢架扭曲等问题,通过现场监控量测、围岩岩性实验、理论分析、数值模拟分析和围岩接触压力监测等综合分析,研究了大凉山2号隧道背斜核部大变形成因机理。研究表明:背斜核部玄武岩单轴抗压强度为23.31 MPa,凝灰质泥岩遇水具有一定膨胀性,给围岩变形创造了条件。由于岩层岩性不同,开挖后洞周玄武岩呈独立受弯剪梁状态。相对无水条件下,受地下水补给影响,围岩塑性区面积增加,拱腰部位较为明显。加固前,拱顶沉降量最大达470 mm,拱腰最大收敛值为844 mm,围岩接触压力为523.47 kPa。采用双层小导管+中台阶临时支撑+边墙临时支撑的“主动适应+强支撑”的综合处置方式,隧道拱顶变形减少87.6%,水平收敛变形减少95%,围岩接触压力最大值降至128 kPa,隧道变形得到有效控制。

填料性质对催化裂化油浆静电分离效率影响冷模试验研究

为分析静电分离法脱除催化裂化油浆中固含量影响因素,采用自制静电分离器试验装置,研究填料直径和材质对催化油浆中催化剂固体颗粒脱除效率影响规律。结合数值模拟,分析填料直径和材质对其接触点处电场强度变化的影响。结果表明,油浆中固体颗粒分离效率随填料直径增大而降低,氧化锆填料的分离效率最高,玻璃填料的分离效果最差。随填料直径和填料相对介电常数增大,填料接触点处的电场强度增大。在不同材质填料物化参数中,填料相对介电常数对油浆中固体颗粒静电分离影响过程起主要作用。

基于QCM液体密度响应模型测量油品含水率研究

油田开发中一直存在高含水率和低含水率测量不准确的问题,新型可再生的生物柴油,同样需要控制含水率以保证热值和稳定性。文中提出一种基于石英晶体微天平(QCM)液体密度响应模型的油品含水率测量方法,通过5组标准甘油溶液进行模型验证,结果表明,实验值与理论值的误差小于5%,并且在低含水量和高含水量2种情况下,误差幅度小于1%。重复性实验验证了模型的有效性。现场测量实验结果证实了模型的适用性。

旋转主轴轴系温升预测模型

主轴的旋转会引起内部热量的累计,热源传递给主轴会使其变形,进而会对轴系的旋转精度产生影响。结合主轴实际工况,建立了主轴轴系生热模型;搭建了能够承载复合力的轴系温升实验台,并对轴系轴承外圈表面进行温度检测,结合理论模型修正了轴系生热量;建立了主轴轴系温度场有限元模型,分析给定工况下主轴轴系温度场分布;结合实验数据对轴系换热系数进行优化,建立了轴系温度场预测模型。对比实验结果和优化前后的数据表明,预测模型精度提高5%,为主轴轴系智能化发展提供了参考。

基于GNSS技术对滑坡体稳定性试验研究

以一煤矿上方滑坡自动化监测工程为背景,提出北斗/GNSS技术对滑坡稳定性现场试验的可行性研究方案。通过现场GNSS监测数据对滑坡体的稳定性进行研究,详细分析了整个滑坡体的变化规律后,证明目前地表处于基本稳定状态,同时发现通过GNSS技术可以用来监测滑坡体顶部稳定性。

冷媒温度和渗流速度对富水砂层冻结温度场的影响规律研究

针对天津地区地铁隧道施工中存在富水砂层等复杂水文地质条件下的冻结问题,通过室内模型试验和数值模拟的结合,研究了冷媒温度和渗流速度对砂土冻结温度场、交圈时间和冻结壁发展的影响。研究结果表明:随着冷媒温度降低,冻结管附近的温度梯度越陡,冻结壁也变得更厚。渗流存在时,渗流水将冷量从上游带到下游,阻碍了冻结壁在上游方向的发展,同时在一定程度上推动了冻结壁在下游方向的发展,导致冻结壁厚度不均匀。最终,冻结壁的形状从静水时的圆形发展为心形。在实际工程中,采用注浆等手段减缓渗流速度,并降低冷媒温度,可缩短交圈时间,确保冻结进程顺利进行。

Prediction of high-speed train induced ground vibration based on train-track-ground system model

The development of analysis on train-induced ground vibration is briefly summarized. A train-track- ground integrated dynamic model is introduced in the paper to predict the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains. Representative dynamic responses of the train-track-ground system predicted by the model are presented. Some major results measured from two field tests on the ground vibration induced by two high-speed trains are reported. Numerical prediction with the proposed train-track-ground model is validated by the high-speed train running experiments. Research results show that the wheel/rail dynamic interaction caused by track irregularities has a significant influence on the ground acceleration and little influence on the ground displacement. The main frequencies of the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains are usually below 80 Hz. Compared with the ballasted track, the ballastless track structure can produce much larger train-induced ground vibration at frequencies above 40 Hz. The vertical ground vibration is much larger than the lateral and longitudinal components.

Monthly gravity field solution from GRACE range measurements using modified short arc approach

In this paper we present a series of monthly gravity field solutions from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） range measurements using modified short arc approach,in which the ambiguity of range measurements is eliminated via differentiating two adjacent range measurements.The data used for developing our monthly gravity field model are same as Tongji-GRACEOl model except that the range measurements are used to replace the range rate measurements,and our model is truncated to degree and order 60,spanning Jan.2004 to Dec.2010 also same as Tongji-GRACE01 model.Based on the comparison results of the C_（2,0）,C_（2,1）,S_（2,1）,and C_（15,15）,S_（15,15）,time series and the global mass change signals as well as the mass change time series in Amazon area of our model with those of Tongji-GRACE01 model,we can conclude that our monthly gravity field model is comparable with Tongji-GRACE01 monthly model.

RESEARCH ON DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIC FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF OVERBURDEN FAILURE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

The overburden failure causes the changes of the constant electric field, and the resistivity is the main parameter in these changes. The experimental simulation about tbe response relation between the overburden failure and its electrical parameter changes is made by building the similar material physics model of mining. The experiment results are used to analyze and test the in-situ detection. The research indicates that the resistivity changes with the electric characteristic of the rock in cracked zone and caving zone caused by overburden failure, the response characteristics of resistivity vary with the failure degrees at different overburden failure zone and that they are corresponding. The resistivity method used in monitoring the overburden failure can determine the height and the affecting scopes of the cracked zone and caving zone. This can provide reliable techaological guarantee for mining design and safe production.

Monthly gravity field recovery from GRACE orbits and K-band measurements using variational equations approach

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） mission can significantly improve our knowledge of the temporal variability of the Earth＇s gravity field.We obtained monthly gravity field solutions based on variational equations approach from GPS-derived positions of GRACE satellites and K-band range-rate measurements.The impact of different fixed data weighting ratios in temporal gravity field recovery while combining the two types of data was investigated for the purpose of deriving the best combined solution.The monthly gravity field solution obtained through above procedures was named as the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics（IGG） temporal gravity field models.IGG temporal gravity field models were compared with GRACE Release05（RL05） products in following aspects：（i） the trend of the mass anomaly in China and its nearby regions within 2005-2010; （ii） the root mean squares of the global mass anomaly during 2005-2010; （iii） time-series changes in the mean water storage in the region of the Amazon Basin and the Sahara Desert between 2005 and 2010.The results showed that IGG solutions were almost consistent with GRACE RL05 products in above aspects（i）-（iii）.Changes in the annual amplitude of mean water storage in the Amazon Basin were 14.7 ± 1.2 cm for IGG,17.1 ± 1.3 cm for the Centre for Space Research（CSR）,16.4 ± 0.9 cm for the GeoForschungsZentrum（GFZ） and 16.9 ± 1.2 cm for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory（JPL） in terms of equivalent water height（EWH）,respectively.The root mean squares of the mean mass anomaly in Sahara were 1.2 cm,0.9 cm,0.9 cm and 1.2 cm for temporal gravity field models of IGG,CSR,GFZ and JPL,respectively.Comparison suggested that IGG temporal gravity field solutions were at the same accuracy level with the latest temporal gravity field solutions published by CSR,GFZ and JPL.

Research on the optimization of tundish by water model

Based on the principle of similarity, water was used to simulate the flow of molten steel to analyze the flow field in a tundish. Several schemes of the tundish＇ s tracer shape were designed and corresponding water model experiments were conducted. During the experiments, a computer automatically collected data. The comparison of the residence time distribution（ RTD ） curves drawn according to the computer-collected data optimized the scheme and photographs originated from the experiments with ink as its tracer. It indicates that the water model can optimize the flow field of the tundish.

Antidepressant Effect of Shenwei Ningyu Tablets on Rat Chronic Stress Model and Mouse Tail Suspension Model

[Objectives]To explore the antidepressant effect of Shenwei Ningyu Tablet,a new antidepressant traditional Chinese medicine,on rat chronic stress depression model and mouse tail suspension models.[Methods]Rat chronic stress model:except for the normal group,the rats in other groups were given corresponding chronic stress,and administered by gavage 1 h before modeling,for a total of 21 d.The changes of each indicator before and after the experiment were observed through the body weight change,the sugar water test,and open field test.The relevant hormone levels were detected by radioimmunoassay.Mouse tail suspension depression model:after continuous administration for 7 d,the activity times was recorded with the mouse automatic recorder,and the mouse immobility time was recorded after tail suspension,to explore the effects of each administration group on the tail suspension immobility time of mice.[Results]Chronic stress depression model:21 d after modeling,compared with the normal group,rats in the model group exhibited significantly reduced body weight,sucrose preference index,and horizontal and vertical movement scores(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the low-dose Shenwei Ningyu Tablets group had significant differences in the sugar water test,horizontal and vertical movement scores(P<0.05).In addition,all three dose groups of Shenwei Ningyu Tablets could effectively reduce the content of CRF in chronic stress model rats,and the low dose group could significantly reduce the ACTH level in model rats(P<0.05).Mouse tail suspension depression model:the immobility time after tail suspension in each administration group was significantly different from that in the model group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Shenwei Ningyu Tablets has a certain anti-depression effect on both the rat chronic stress depression model and the mouse tail suspension depression model.

川芎苓种播种器参数优化与试验

针对川芎苓种机械播种存在漏播、重播、伤种等问题,通过理论分析和试验,确定了影响播种器精量播种的关键部件的结构参数,优化出一种适用于川芎苓种精量播种的播种器。以敖平镇川芎为试验对象,完成以播种器导种室的直径、导种槽深度、导种槽倾斜角度为影响因子的三元二次回归正交旋转组合设计试验,并运用JMP 13软件对试验结果进行分析,得到各影响因子与播种性能指标之间的回归模型。同时,基于回归模型进行目标参数优化,确定最优组合参数,即播种器导种室的直径202.77mm、导种槽深度19.64mm、导种槽倾斜角度60.88°时,播种器播种的合格率95.62%,漏播率2.15%,重播率2.23%。在此基础上再对播种器进行田间试验,结果表明:播种器播种的合格率96.17%,漏播率2.3%,重播率1.52%,损伤率0.22%,满足苓种精量播种农艺要求。研究为川芎苓种播种器的设计与应用提供了理论依据。

考虑风切变影响的三维尾流模型风场实验

针对目前风力机尾流模型只能描述远尾流区域的尾流分布而忽略了近尾流区域的尾流特征的问题,基于双高斯函数,利用流量守恒定理并通过旋转修正推导了一个新的三维尾流模型。该尾流模型考虑了风切变的影响,并且能够描述近尾流区域以及远尾流区域的三维尾流分布特征。采用两台地基扫描激光雷达进行了风场实验,实验数据表明水平方向的近尾流分布类似于对称双高斯形、远尾流区域类似于对称高斯形,而垂直方向由于受到风切变的影响,在近尾流区域尾流分布类似非对称双高斯形、远尾流区域分布类似非对称高斯形。利用实测数据对三维尾流模型预测的水平剖面以及垂直剖面进行了对比验证,验证结果表明三维尾流模型的预测曲线和实验数据吻合良好,其平均相对误差大部分都在5%以内。新提出的三维尾流模型能够较好地预测风力机下游的整个尾流区域的空间分布,可为风电场的布局提供优化方案。

新时代创新发展“枫桥经验”的城乡比较——基于场域理论的分析

新时代“枫桥经验”已经成为基层治理现代化的重要经验,在乡村治理中发挥了重要作用,但在城市基层社会治理中仍面临适应性困境。为应对社会基础的结构性变迁,“枫桥经验”正在积极顺应城市社会发展的新要求,在治理内涵、治理空间、治理功能上不断拓展完善。基于场域理论,从治理资源、关系结构、治理空间、制度供给的角度界定城市和乡村基层治理中创新发展“枫桥经验”的适用差异,进而提出新时代在城市基层创新发展“枫桥经验”的优化路径,以期在新时代创新发展“枫桥经验”,推进基层治理体系和基层治理能力现代化。