The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monito...The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.展开更多
Improvement of fabrication efficiency and part performance was the main challenge for the large-scale powder bed fusion(PBF)process.In this study,a dynamic monitoring and feedback system of powder bed temperature fiel...Improvement of fabrication efficiency and part performance was the main challenge for the large-scale powder bed fusion(PBF)process.In this study,a dynamic monitoring and feedback system of powder bed temperature field using an infrared thermal imager has been established and integrated into a four-laser PBF equipment with a working area of 2000 mm×2000 mm.The heat-affected zone(HAZ)temperature field has been controlled by adjusting the scanning speed dynamically.Simultaneously,the relationship among spot size,HAZ temperature,and part performance has been established.The fluctuation of the HAZ temperature in four-laser scanning areas was decreased from 30.85℃to 17.41℃.Thus,the consistency of the sintering performance of the produced large component has been improved.Based on the controllable temperature field,a dynamically adjusting strategy for laser spot size was proposed,by which the fabrication efficiency was improved up to 65.38%.The current research results were of great significance to the further industrial applications of large-scale PBF equipment.展开更多
ln this research, the whole contact-type large-scale sow house with fer-mentation bed was designed. The planning area of the entire piggery was 5 700 m2 with workplace and green belts. The sow house was 93 m long and ...ln this research, the whole contact-type large-scale sow house with fer-mentation bed was designed. The planning area of the entire piggery was 5 700 m2 with workplace and green belts. The sow house was 93 m long and 33 m wide, a total of 3 069 m2, including office area of 60 m2 and aisle area of 107 m2. The fer-mentation bed had an area of 2 902 m2 with length of 88.7 m and width of 27.7 m. lts area accounted for 95% of the total area of sow house. The fermentation mattress had a depth of 80 cm, and had a volume of 2 321 m3, equivalent to 733 t of coconut chaff and rice chaff. On a large fermentation bed, the areas for boars, replacement gilts, pregnant sows, obstetric tables, nursery pigs, etc. were designed. The large-scale sow house with fermentation bed was equipped with the automatic feeding system, automatic sprinkler system, automatic positioning column for preg-nant sows, sows' obstetric table system, fanning wet curtain cooling system, video monitoring system, environmental monitoring (light, temperature, water, humidity, CO2, NH3) and automatic control system. Every farming area was equipped with feeding trough and water trough. The water though was fixed with overflow pipe for removing the extra water. The house could hold 500-head sows. Each sow occu-pied 4.9 m2 of the fermentation bed in average. The designed sow house had a maximum annual output of 10 000 piglets.展开更多
In recent years,Shenzhen's housing prices are very high,ranking top 3 in China,and the purchasing power of ordinary residents has been seriously insufficient,leading to increase in demand for security housing.At p...In recent years,Shenzhen's housing prices are very high,ranking top 3 in China,and the purchasing power of ordinary residents has been seriously insufficient,leading to increase in demand for security housing.At present,Shenzhen's security housing projects are concentrated in areas outside the former Special Economic Zones,such as Pingshan,Longgang and Longhua.The houses in Luohu,Futian and Nanshan districts,where obtaining housing is more difficult and the intention of living is the most concentrated are scarce.The community distance is too long for most commuters inside customs.In terms of spatial distribution,the structural contradiction between the supply and demand of security housing has become increasingly prominent.In this paper,the public housing policies in the United States and Singapore were studied,and their reference to the diversification of Shenzhen's security housing location was analyzed.In addition,a feasible housing policy was proposed for Shenzhen.展开更多
The housing crisis in Ireland has rapidly grown in recent years. To make a more significant profit, many landlords are no longer renting out their houses under long-term tenancies but under short-term tenancies. Regul...The housing crisis in Ireland has rapidly grown in recent years. To make a more significant profit, many landlords are no longer renting out their houses under long-term tenancies but under short-term tenancies. Regulating rentals in Rent Pressure Zones with the highest and rising rents is becoming a tricky issue. In this paper, we develop a breach identifier to check short-term rentals located in Rent Pressure Zones with potential breaches only using publicly available data from Airbnb (an online marketplace focused on short-term home-stays) and Irish government websites. First, we use a Residual Neural Network to filter out outdoor landscape photos that negatively impact identifying whether an owner has multiple rentals in a Rent Pressure Zone. Second, a Siamese Neural Network is used to compare the similarity of indoor photos to determine if multiple rental posts correspond to the same residence. Next, we use the Haversine algorithm to locate short-term rentals within a circle centered on the coordinate of a permit. Short-term rentals with a permit will not be restricted. Finally, we improve the occupancy estimation model combined with sentiment analysis, which may provide higher accuracy.展开更多
Based on the 3D seismic data and the analysis and test data of lithology,electricity,thin sections and chronology obtained from drilling of the Qiongdongnan Basin,the characteristics and the quantitative analysis of t...Based on the 3D seismic data and the analysis and test data of lithology,electricity,thin sections and chronology obtained from drilling of the Qiongdongnan Basin,the characteristics and the quantitative analysis of the source-sink system are studied of the third member of the Upper Oligocene Lingshui Formation(Ling 3 Member)in the southern fault step zone of the Baodao Sag.First,the YL10 denudation area of the Ling 3 Member mainly developed two fluvial systems in the east and west,resulting in the formation of two dominant sand transport channels and two delta lobes in southern Baodao Sag,which are generally large in the west and small in the east.The evolution of the delta has experienced four stages:initiation,prosperity,intermittence and rejuvenation.Second,the source-sink coupled quantitative calculation is performed depending on the parameters of the delta sand bodies,including development phases,distribution area,flattening thickness,area of different parent rocks,and sand-forming coefficient,showing that the study area has the material basis for the formation of large-scale reservoir.Third,the drilling reveals that the delta of the Ling 3 Member is dominated by fine sandstone,with total sandstone thickness of 109-138 m,maximum single-layer sandstone thickness of 15.5-30.0 m,and sand-to-strata ratio of 43.7%-73.0%,but the physical properties are different among the fault steps.Fourth,the large delta development model of the small source area in the step fault zone with multi-stage uplift is established.It suggests that the episodic uplift provides sufficient sediments,the fluvial system and watershed area control the scale of the sand body,the multi-step active fault steps dominate the sand body transport channel,and local fault troughs decide the lateral propulsion direction of the sand body.The delta of the Ling 3 Member is coupled with fault blocks to form diverse traps,which are critical exploration targets in southern Baodao Sag.展开更多
The dispersion characteristics of fuel particles in the dense phase zone in circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boilers have an important influence on bed temperature distribution and pollutant emissions.However,previous re...The dispersion characteristics of fuel particles in the dense phase zone in circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boilers have an important influence on bed temperature distribution and pollutant emissions.However,previous research in literature was mostly on small-scale apparatus,whose results could not be applied directly to large-scale CFB with multiple dispersion sources.To help solve this problem,we proposed a novel method to estimate the lateral dispersion coefficient(Dx)of fuel particles under partial coal cut-off condition in a 35o MW supercritical CFB boiler based on combustion and dispersion models.Meanwhile,we carried out experiments to obtain the Dx in the range of 0.1218-0.1406 m2/s.Numerical simulations were performed and the influence of operating conditions and furnace structure on fuel dispersion characteristics was investigated,the simulation value of Dx was validated against experimental data.Results revealed that the distribution of bed temperature caused by the fuel dispersion was mainly formed by char combustion.Because of the presence of intermediate water-cooled partition wall,the mixing and dispersion of fuel and bed material particles between the left and right sides of the furnace were hindered,increasing the non-uniformity of the bed temperature near furnace front wall.展开更多
In this paper,a climate-adaptation study of vernacular houses in northern Hebei Province has been conducted based on quantitative field surveys. Three typical vernacular houses with different kinds of building envelop...In this paper,a climate-adaptation study of vernacular houses in northern Hebei Province has been conducted based on quantitative field surveys. Three typical vernacular houses with different kinds of building envelopes were selected. The field surveys included investigation on building material and construction,measurement of indoor thermal environment, infrared thermographic study of building envelopes and measurement of luminous environment. The results showed that the indoor air temperatures were below thermal comfort zone from late night till early morning and the horizontal temperature gradient was obvious. The adobe wall showed better thermal performance than the other two. As for the building layout,it is beneficial to put a storeroom on the north side of the house as a temperature buffer zone. Furthermore,due to missing insulation and the informal process of construction,significant amounts of heat escaped from building envelopes,especially from the corner of wall,ceiling and around the openings. The daylight factors on the work plan in the main rooms were accordance with design standards and the level of illuminance met the requirements of family's daily activities.展开更多
Energy saving in existing buildings is of vital importance.In this work,the characterization of housing stock in Spain for energy retrofitting purposes has been performed.The regulations in force when the existing sto...Energy saving in existing buildings is of vital importance.In this work,the characterization of housing stock in Spain for energy retrofitting purposes has been performed.The regulations in force when the existing stock was constructed(1980–2007)were considered to model the envelope and thermal systems of single-family and block housing.Building energy consumption and CO_(2) emissions were estimated for each type of dwelling and location,ranging from 44.2 to 130.6 kWh/(m^(2)·year)(13.6–32 kg CO_(2)/(m^(2)·year))for multi-family homes,and 85.5 to 213.5 kWh/(m^(2)·year)(17.1–45.2 kg CO_(2)/(m^(2)·year))for single-family homes.A global picture of the energy performance and emissions for 13 different climate zones was obtained with a total of 504 simulations.Retrofitting of the envelope allowed the reduction of consumption and emissions from 37.7%to 58%,depending on the climate zone.Energy consumption per square meter in block housing was lower than in single-family housing;nevertheless,single-family houses responded more effectively to energy improvement actions.Finally,non-renewable primary energy savings seem a better indicator of the improvement by retrofitting than the energy label.The building models designed in this work may serve as a reference for subsequent research concerning energy retrofitting and energy savings of housing stock.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303094)International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China(2012DFA31120)National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2012BAD14B15)
文摘The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2015AA042503)K.C.Wong Education Foundation.
文摘Improvement of fabrication efficiency and part performance was the main challenge for the large-scale powder bed fusion(PBF)process.In this study,a dynamic monitoring and feedback system of powder bed temperature field using an infrared thermal imager has been established and integrated into a four-laser PBF equipment with a working area of 2000 mm×2000 mm.The heat-affected zone(HAZ)temperature field has been controlled by adjusting the scanning speed dynamically.Simultaneously,the relationship among spot size,HAZ temperature,and part performance has been established.The fluctuation of the HAZ temperature in four-laser scanning areas was decreased from 30.85℃to 17.41℃.Thus,the consistency of the sintering performance of the produced large component has been improved.Based on the controllable temperature field,a dynamically adjusting strategy for laser spot size was proposed,by which the fabrication efficiency was improved up to 65.38%.The current research results were of great significance to the further industrial applications of large-scale PBF equipment.
基金Supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2012DFA31120)Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(31370059)+2 种基金948 Project of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture(2011-G25)973 Program Earlier Research Project(2011CB111607)Project of Agriculture Science and Technology Achievement Transformation(2010GB2C400220)
文摘ln this research, the whole contact-type large-scale sow house with fer-mentation bed was designed. The planning area of the entire piggery was 5 700 m2 with workplace and green belts. The sow house was 93 m long and 33 m wide, a total of 3 069 m2, including office area of 60 m2 and aisle area of 107 m2. The fer-mentation bed had an area of 2 902 m2 with length of 88.7 m and width of 27.7 m. lts area accounted for 95% of the total area of sow house. The fermentation mattress had a depth of 80 cm, and had a volume of 2 321 m3, equivalent to 733 t of coconut chaff and rice chaff. On a large fermentation bed, the areas for boars, replacement gilts, pregnant sows, obstetric tables, nursery pigs, etc. were designed. The large-scale sow house with fermentation bed was equipped with the automatic feeding system, automatic sprinkler system, automatic positioning column for preg-nant sows, sows' obstetric table system, fanning wet curtain cooling system, video monitoring system, environmental monitoring (light, temperature, water, humidity, CO2, NH3) and automatic control system. Every farming area was equipped with feeding trough and water trough. The water though was fixed with overflow pipe for removing the extra water. The house could hold 500-head sows. Each sow occu-pied 4.9 m2 of the fermentation bed in average. The designed sow house had a maximum annual output of 10 000 piglets.
文摘In recent years,Shenzhen's housing prices are very high,ranking top 3 in China,and the purchasing power of ordinary residents has been seriously insufficient,leading to increase in demand for security housing.At present,Shenzhen's security housing projects are concentrated in areas outside the former Special Economic Zones,such as Pingshan,Longgang and Longhua.The houses in Luohu,Futian and Nanshan districts,where obtaining housing is more difficult and the intention of living is the most concentrated are scarce.The community distance is too long for most commuters inside customs.In terms of spatial distribution,the structural contradiction between the supply and demand of security housing has become increasingly prominent.In this paper,the public housing policies in the United States and Singapore were studied,and their reference to the diversification of Shenzhen's security housing location was analyzed.In addition,a feasible housing policy was proposed for Shenzhen.
文摘The housing crisis in Ireland has rapidly grown in recent years. To make a more significant profit, many landlords are no longer renting out their houses under long-term tenancies but under short-term tenancies. Regulating rentals in Rent Pressure Zones with the highest and rising rents is becoming a tricky issue. In this paper, we develop a breach identifier to check short-term rentals located in Rent Pressure Zones with potential breaches only using publicly available data from Airbnb (an online marketplace focused on short-term home-stays) and Irish government websites. First, we use a Residual Neural Network to filter out outdoor landscape photos that negatively impact identifying whether an owner has multiple rentals in a Rent Pressure Zone. Second, a Siamese Neural Network is used to compare the similarity of indoor photos to determine if multiple rental posts correspond to the same residence. Next, we use the Haversine algorithm to locate short-term rentals within a circle centered on the coordinate of a permit. Short-term rentals with a permit will not be restricted. Finally, we improve the occupancy estimation model combined with sentiment analysis, which may provide higher accuracy.
基金Supported by the CNOOC Technology Research Project(KJGG2022-0102)。
文摘Based on the 3D seismic data and the analysis and test data of lithology,electricity,thin sections and chronology obtained from drilling of the Qiongdongnan Basin,the characteristics and the quantitative analysis of the source-sink system are studied of the third member of the Upper Oligocene Lingshui Formation(Ling 3 Member)in the southern fault step zone of the Baodao Sag.First,the YL10 denudation area of the Ling 3 Member mainly developed two fluvial systems in the east and west,resulting in the formation of two dominant sand transport channels and two delta lobes in southern Baodao Sag,which are generally large in the west and small in the east.The evolution of the delta has experienced four stages:initiation,prosperity,intermittence and rejuvenation.Second,the source-sink coupled quantitative calculation is performed depending on the parameters of the delta sand bodies,including development phases,distribution area,flattening thickness,area of different parent rocks,and sand-forming coefficient,showing that the study area has the material basis for the formation of large-scale reservoir.Third,the drilling reveals that the delta of the Ling 3 Member is dominated by fine sandstone,with total sandstone thickness of 109-138 m,maximum single-layer sandstone thickness of 15.5-30.0 m,and sand-to-strata ratio of 43.7%-73.0%,but the physical properties are different among the fault steps.Fourth,the large delta development model of the small source area in the step fault zone with multi-stage uplift is established.It suggests that the episodic uplift provides sufficient sediments,the fluvial system and watershed area control the scale of the sand body,the multi-step active fault steps dominate the sand body transport channel,and local fault troughs decide the lateral propulsion direction of the sand body.The delta of the Ling 3 Member is coupled with fault blocks to form diverse traps,which are critical exploration targets in southern Baodao Sag.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52176101).
文摘The dispersion characteristics of fuel particles in the dense phase zone in circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boilers have an important influence on bed temperature distribution and pollutant emissions.However,previous research in literature was mostly on small-scale apparatus,whose results could not be applied directly to large-scale CFB with multiple dispersion sources.To help solve this problem,we proposed a novel method to estimate the lateral dispersion coefficient(Dx)of fuel particles under partial coal cut-off condition in a 35o MW supercritical CFB boiler based on combustion and dispersion models.Meanwhile,we carried out experiments to obtain the Dx in the range of 0.1218-0.1406 m2/s.Numerical simulations were performed and the influence of operating conditions and furnace structure on fuel dispersion characteristics was investigated,the simulation value of Dx was validated against experimental data.Results revealed that the distribution of bed temperature caused by the fuel dispersion was mainly formed by char combustion.Because of the presence of intermediate water-cooled partition wall,the mixing and dispersion of fuel and bed material particles between the left and right sides of the furnace were hindered,increasing the non-uniformity of the bed temperature near furnace front wall.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51278262)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science (Grant No.20111450987)
文摘In this paper,a climate-adaptation study of vernacular houses in northern Hebei Province has been conducted based on quantitative field surveys. Three typical vernacular houses with different kinds of building envelopes were selected. The field surveys included investigation on building material and construction,measurement of indoor thermal environment, infrared thermographic study of building envelopes and measurement of luminous environment. The results showed that the indoor air temperatures were below thermal comfort zone from late night till early morning and the horizontal temperature gradient was obvious. The adobe wall showed better thermal performance than the other two. As for the building layout,it is beneficial to put a storeroom on the north side of the house as a temperature buffer zone. Furthermore,due to missing insulation and the informal process of construction,significant amounts of heat escaped from building envelopes,especially from the corner of wall,ceiling and around the openings. The daylight factors on the work plan in the main rooms were accordance with design standards and the level of illuminance met the requirements of family's daily activities.
文摘Energy saving in existing buildings is of vital importance.In this work,the characterization of housing stock in Spain for energy retrofitting purposes has been performed.The regulations in force when the existing stock was constructed(1980–2007)were considered to model the envelope and thermal systems of single-family and block housing.Building energy consumption and CO_(2) emissions were estimated for each type of dwelling and location,ranging from 44.2 to 130.6 kWh/(m^(2)·year)(13.6–32 kg CO_(2)/(m^(2)·year))for multi-family homes,and 85.5 to 213.5 kWh/(m^(2)·year)(17.1–45.2 kg CO_(2)/(m^(2)·year))for single-family homes.A global picture of the energy performance and emissions for 13 different climate zones was obtained with a total of 504 simulations.Retrofitting of the envelope allowed the reduction of consumption and emissions from 37.7%to 58%,depending on the climate zone.Energy consumption per square meter in block housing was lower than in single-family housing;nevertheless,single-family houses responded more effectively to energy improvement actions.Finally,non-renewable primary energy savings seem a better indicator of the improvement by retrofitting than the energy label.The building models designed in this work may serve as a reference for subsequent research concerning energy retrofitting and energy savings of housing stock.