Design of Environmental Monitoring and Control System for Large-scale Pig House with Fermentation Bed

The design and assembly of environmental monitoring and control system for large-scale pig house with fermentation bed helped to solve the problem of environmental automatic control in piggery.The sensors would monitor the temperature,humidity,light,wind direction,wind speed,CO2,NH3and other parameters.On-line real-time data collection was achieved.The expert system was constructed to control the temperature in piggery below 30℃,to control the air and mattress humidities higher than 65%.Under the conditions of different season or different wind speed,even in day and night,the control actuators were different.The actuators included fanning wet curtain,lighting,micro spraying,spraying,propeller fan,electric aluminum alloy shutter and spraying systems on the roof.The actuators were integrated,and they control the piggery environment simultaneously.The system also designed the remote video monitor interface,parameter-monitoring curved interface and operation interface,which provided a good man-machine interface.

High-Efficiency Dynamic Scanning Strategy for Powder Bed Fusion by Controlling Temperature Field of the Heat-Affected Zone

Improvement of fabrication efficiency and part performance was the main challenge for the large-scale powder bed fusion(PBF)process.In this study,a dynamic monitoring and feedback system of powder bed temperature field using an infrared thermal imager has been established and integrated into a four-laser PBF equipment with a working area of 2000 mm×2000 mm.The heat-affected zone(HAZ)temperature field has been controlled by adjusting the scanning speed dynamically.Simultaneously,the relationship among spot size,HAZ temperature,and part performance has been established.The fluctuation of the HAZ temperature in four-laser scanning areas was decreased from 30.85℃to 17.41℃.Thus,the consistency of the sintering performance of the produced large component has been improved.Based on the controllable temperature field,a dynamically adjusting strategy for laser spot size was proposed,by which the fabrication efficiency was improved up to 65.38%.The current research results were of great significance to the further industrial applications of large-scale PBF equipment.

Structure Design of Large-scale Sow House with Fermentation Bed

ln this research, the whole contact-type large-scale sow house with fer-mentation bed was designed. The planning area of the entire piggery was 5 700 m2 with workplace and green belts. The sow house was 93 m long and 33 m wide, a total of 3 069 m2, including office area of 60 m2 and aisle area of 107 m2. The fer-mentation bed had an area of 2 902 m2 with length of 88.7 m and width of 27.7 m. lts area accounted for 95% of the total area of sow house. The fermentation mattress had a depth of 80 cm, and had a volume of 2 321 m3, equivalent to 733 t of coconut chaff and rice chaff. On a large fermentation bed, the areas for boars, replacement gilts, pregnant sows, obstetric tables, nursery pigs, etc. were designed. The large-scale sow house with fermentation bed was equipped with the automatic feeding system, automatic sprinkler system, automatic positioning column for preg-nant sows, sows＇ obstetric table system, fanning wet curtain cooling system, video monitoring system, environmental monitoring （light, temperature, water, humidity, CO2, NH3） and automatic control system. Every farming area was equipped with feeding trough and water trough. The water though was fixed with overflow pipe for removing the extra water. The house could hold 500-head sows. Each sow occu-pied 4.9 m2 of the fermentation bed in average. The designed sow house had a maximum annual output of 10 000 piglets.

Reference Research of the Public Housing Policies of the United States and Singapore for Improving the Diversification of Shenzhen's Security House Location

In recent years,Shenzhen's housing prices are very high,ranking top 3 in China,and the purchasing power of ordinary residents has been seriously insufficient,leading to increase in demand for security housing.At present,Shenzhen's security housing projects are concentrated in areas outside the former Special Economic Zones,such as Pingshan,Longgang and Longhua.The houses in Luohu,Futian and Nanshan districts,where obtaining housing is more difficult and the intention of living is the most concentrated are scarce.The community distance is too long for most commuters inside customs.In terms of spatial distribution,the structural contradiction between the supply and demand of security housing has become increasingly prominent.In this paper,the public housing policies in the United States and Singapore were studied,and their reference to the diversification of Shenzhen's security housing location was analyzed.In addition,a feasible housing policy was proposed for Shenzhen.

Identification of the Breach of Short-Term Rental Regulations in Irish Rent Pressure Zones

The housing crisis in Ireland has rapidly grown in recent years. To make a more significant profit, many landlords are no longer renting out their houses under long-term tenancies but under short-term tenancies. Regulating rentals in Rent Pressure Zones with the highest and rising rents is becoming a tricky issue. In this paper, we develop a breach identifier to check short-term rentals located in Rent Pressure Zones with potential breaches only using publicly available data from Airbnb (an online marketplace focused on short-term home-stays) and Irish government websites. First, we use a Residual Neural Network to filter out outdoor landscape photos that negatively impact identifying whether an owner has multiple rentals in a Rent Pressure Zone. Second, a Siamese Neural Network is used to compare the similarity of indoor photos to determine if multiple rental posts correspond to the same residence. Next, we use the Haversine algorithm to locate short-term rentals within a circle centered on the coordinate of a permit. Short-term rentals with a permit will not be restricted. Finally, we improve the occupancy estimation model combined with sentiment analysis, which may provide higher accuracy.

隋唐·安得广厦千万间--漫步地震五千年(9)

隋唐时期的史载地震主要在关中地区,显现了秦岭南侧存在一条北西向的石泉—房县活动断裂带。地震活动和房屋抗震一直是社会关注的大事,以蓟县独乐寺为典型代表,重点介绍了唐代木结构建筑的抗震技术:地基坚固和均匀、木结构的隔震机制、筒体结构的强抗震性能、斗拱构件的阻尼系统,都对后世的技术发展产生了深刻影响。在现代建筑方面,介绍了地震区划的基本原则,分析了农村藏式民居的弱点和改进措施,讨论了城市建筑的3种抗震结构及今后的发展方向。

严寒地区被动房室内环境与供暖能耗后评估

对严寒地区某被动房示范项目的室内环境和供暖能耗进行了后评估,并与位于同一小区的普通住宅进行了对比分析。结果表明:被动房高性能的围护结构可有效提高室内操作温度,且由于设置了机械通风系统,可有效稀释室内CO_(2)浓度;被动房供暖季室内PM2.5浓度超标,新风系统对细颗粒物的过滤效率不满足要求;被动房供暖实际运行能耗高于超低能耗建筑年供暖耗热量指标,偏差达到33.6%。

屋顶光伏—土壤源热泵系统在不同气候区分娩猪舍的应用

可再生能源逐步替代常规能源,是规模化猪场未来的趋势。为了探索土壤源热泵系统(ground-coupled heat pump systems,GCHPs)和附加光伏屋顶(building attached photovoltaic, BAPV)系统在规模化猪场的应用,该研究提出一种屋顶光伏—土壤源热泵系统(building attached photovoltaic-ground-coupled heat pump systems,BAPV-GCHPs)保障某分娩猪舍的冷/热需求,并选择绥化、青岛和重庆分别作为严寒、寒冷和夏热冬冷地区3类典型气候区代表城市,对比了该系统在3类气候区的运行特性,分析了BAPV系统对GCHPs运行性能及综合效益的影响。研究结果表明,3个地区BAPV发电量由大到小依次为:青岛、绥化、重庆;GCHPs耗电量由大到小依次为:绥化、青岛、重庆;绥化、青岛、重庆3个地区的年太阳能分数分别为0.62、0.71、0.53;BAPV系统的加入明显提高了GCHPs的性能系数、一次能源利用率和CO_(2)减排量;3个地区BAPV-GCHPs相对于GCHPs年性能系数分别提高了64.2%、97.6%和39.6%;一次能源利用率分别提升了1.6倍、2.4倍和1.1倍。与GCHPs相比,BAPV-GCHPs可分别减少5.82、6.45和2.17 t CO_(2)排放量。研究结果为该系统在中国不同气候区分娩猪舍的推广应用提供了一定参考。

Discovery and petroleum geological significance of delta in the third member of Oligocene Lingshui Formation in southern Baodao Sag,Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea

Based on the 3D seismic data and the analysis and test data of lithology,electricity,thin sections and chronology obtained from drilling of the Qiongdongnan Basin,the characteristics and the quantitative analysis of the source-sink system are studied of the third member of the Upper Oligocene Lingshui Formation(Ling 3 Member)in the southern fault step zone of the Baodao Sag.First,the YL10 denudation area of the Ling 3 Member mainly developed two fluvial systems in the east and west,resulting in the formation of two dominant sand transport channels and two delta lobes in southern Baodao Sag,which are generally large in the west and small in the east.The evolution of the delta has experienced four stages:initiation,prosperity,intermittence and rejuvenation.Second,the source-sink coupled quantitative calculation is performed depending on the parameters of the delta sand bodies,including development phases,distribution area,flattening thickness,area of different parent rocks,and sand-forming coefficient,showing that the study area has the material basis for the formation of large-scale reservoir.Third,the drilling reveals that the delta of the Ling 3 Member is dominated by fine sandstone,with total sandstone thickness of 109-138 m,maximum single-layer sandstone thickness of 15.5-30.0 m,and sand-to-strata ratio of 43.7%-73.0%,but the physical properties are different among the fault steps.Fourth,the large delta development model of the small source area in the step fault zone with multi-stage uplift is established.It suggests that the episodic uplift provides sufficient sediments,the fluvial system and watershed area control the scale of the sand body,the multi-step active fault steps dominate the sand body transport channel,and local fault troughs decide the lateral propulsion direction of the sand body.The delta of the Ling 3 Member is coupled with fault blocks to form diverse traps,which are critical exploration targets in southern Baodao Sag.

西方城市规划对居住分异的影响及其启示

针对居住分异易引发社会隔离等城市问题,从城市规划的角度,探讨和总结其对居住分异的作用。通过文献综述及案例分析,发现西方城市规划直接而显著地影响城市居住分异格局,主要体现在三方面:1)土地利用区划的包容性以及开发密度影响居住分异程度;2)住房规划中的住房类型与产权多样性能缓解居住分异;3)在城市形态方面,城市规模、住区封闭性和建筑地块的面积等可能影响居住分异程度。从土地利用、住区模式和街区形态角度,对我国城市规划应对居住分异提出建议。

高密度笼养鸡舍温度均匀性的改善方法

随着高密度笼养技术的不断发展,鸡舍内环境控制的重要性越来越高,其中舍内温度均匀性对养殖效率至关重要。因此,本文针对笼养鸡舍常见通风模式下存在的温度不均匀情况,从通风设备配置及使用等方面提出改善方法,以期为养殖提供参考。

沈阳市农村地区清洁取暖改造需求分析

近年来,随着清洁取暖试点城市的深入推进,北方农村散煤替代工作取得显著进展。针对沈阳农村地区清洁取暖改造需求,开展了农村供暖现状调研,并监测了实际供暖效果,通过构建典型农房模型,计算分析了供暖负荷。通过分析沈阳地区供暖季室外温度特点,进行了空气源热泵结霜分析。归纳总结了沈阳农村地区清洁取暖需求,为科学开展农村清洁取暖改造提供准确依据和技术指导。沈阳农村地区清洁取暖设备应确保在-25℃时能正常工作,设备选型参考热负荷为132.85 W/m^(2),农户每个供暖季运行费用尽量不高于2 000元。

Investigation on lateral dispersion characteristics of fuel particles in dense phase zone of a large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler under combustion conditions

The dispersion characteristics of fuel particles in the dense phase zone in circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boilers have an important influence on bed temperature distribution and pollutant emissions.However,previous research in literature was mostly on small-scale apparatus,whose results could not be applied directly to large-scale CFB with multiple dispersion sources.To help solve this problem,we proposed a novel method to estimate the lateral dispersion coefficient(Dx)of fuel particles under partial coal cut-off condition in a 35o MW supercritical CFB boiler based on combustion and dispersion models.Meanwhile,we carried out experiments to obtain the Dx in the range of 0.1218-0.1406 m2/s.Numerical simulations were performed and the influence of operating conditions and furnace structure on fuel dispersion characteristics was investigated,the simulation value of Dx was validated against experimental data.Results revealed that the distribution of bed temperature caused by the fuel dispersion was mainly formed by char combustion.Because of the presence of intermediate water-cooled partition wall,the mixing and dispersion of fuel and bed material particles between the left and right sides of the furnace were hindered,increasing the non-uniformity of the bed temperature near furnace front wall.

Field Study on Indoor Thermal and Luminous Environment in Winter of Vernacular Houses in Northern Hebei Province of China

In this paper,a climate-adaptation study of vernacular houses in northern Hebei Province has been conducted based on quantitative field surveys. Three typical vernacular houses with different kinds of building envelopes were selected. The field surveys included investigation on building material and construction,measurement of indoor thermal environment, infrared thermographic study of building envelopes and measurement of luminous environment. The results showed that the indoor air temperatures were below thermal comfort zone from late night till early morning and the horizontal temperature gradient was obvious. The adobe wall showed better thermal performance than the other two. As for the building layout,it is beneficial to put a storeroom on the north side of the house as a temperature buffer zone. Furthermore,due to missing insulation and the informal process of construction,significant amounts of heat escaped from building envelopes,especially from the corner of wall,ceiling and around the openings. The daylight factors on the work plan in the main rooms were accordance with design standards and the level of illuminance met the requirements of family's daily activities.

严寒地区被动式办公建筑冬季室内环境研究

对严寒地区代表性城市--哈尔滨市中德生态科技小镇某被动式办公建筑冬季室内热湿环境和空气品质进行了现场测试。结果表明:各层房间的平均空气温度为23.0℃,满足标准要求;平均相对湿度为21.3%,低于标准下限值;室内3种污染物(PM2.5、CO_(2)、甲醛)浓度在大部分时间均符合相关标准的规定;采用G4中效过滤器+H11亚高效过滤器的组合能够满足雾霾天的新风过滤的要求,部分时间外门开启会导致室内PM2.5浓度超标,建议随时关闭外门;各层房间人员活动区的竖直温度分布较为均匀,最大头脚温差为0.2℃,满足热舒适标准要求。由于1层电热膜设定温度较高,导致室温偏高,建议适当降温;阳面房间室温高于阴面房间,建议在太阳辐射较强的时间段内,降低阳面房间的设定温度,营造节能、舒适、健康的室内环境。

夏热冬冷地区被动式超低能耗居住建筑设计策略研究——以株洲某住宅为例

文章基于夏热冬冷地区的气候及居民用能行为特征,以株洲市某小区住宅为例,通过软件模拟,分析各围护结构热工参数与建筑能耗的量化关系,筛选影响建筑能耗的关键因素。探索适用于夏热冬冷地区超低能耗住宅的外围护结构指标体系,并根据指标总结被动式节能技术,为夏热冬冷地区超低能耗住宅的设计提供参考。

某高震区泄洪建筑物上部闸房设计

进水塔作为工程咽喉对枢纽抗震安全性影响尤为突出,利用拟静力法对上部闸房进行抗震结构设计是有一定安全裕度的,对重要的进水塔结构有条件应采用动力法计算地震作用效应,以保障工程安全.介绍了某高震区泄洪建筑物上部闸房结构设计,工程施工完毕后工程设防类别提高,相应地震动峰值加速度增加,利用三维整体有限元数值模型的方法进行抗震复核计算,并提出抗震加固方案.

严寒地区被动房热泵空调机组冬季性能测试与分析

由于被动房围护结构具有良好的保温隔热性能,而严寒地区冬季时间长,室内外温差大、比焓差大,因此新风系统能耗在供暖空调系统总能耗中占比较大。本文对严寒地区某被动房的新风系统冬季运行参数进行了测试,对空气源热泵机组在严寒地区的运行效果进行了分析。结果表明:实际运行时,当室内人员较少时,该机组送风温度、送风量均能满足设计标准和舒适度的要求;热泵机组随室外空气温度的降低出现制热量不足的情况,当室外空气温度升高到-7℃时,该机组的性能系数达到了1.87,高于标准下限值要求。建议该机组在室外空气温度高于-7℃时工作。

教育均等化措施何以造成“泛学区化”——基于北京市多校划片政策的实证检验

多校划片入学政策是中国义务教育阶段促进教育机会公平的重要举措,能否有效地抑制学区房溢价是评价政策实施效果的重要依据。基于北京市四个主城区二手房成交数据,采用改进的双重差分模型分析了多校划片政策对学区房价格的影响。在此基础上,探讨了不同学区类型政策实施的理论预期效应。研究发现,多校划片政策导致了划片范围内学区房价格提高约1.7%,但上涨效应在政策实施的第二个月才开始显现。上述结论经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。进一步通过量化三种情形下的异质性效应,发现该政策对分享组学区房价格产生负向影响,而对受益组和均质组有显著的提升作用。因此,未来应根据区域教育水平的差异增加优质教育资源的供给、改善教育资源空间供需的不均衡,在实现教育公平的同时有效控制过高的学区房溢价。

Characterization of housing stock for energy retrofitting purposes in Spain

Energy saving in existing buildings is of vital importance.In this work,the characterization of housing stock in Spain for energy retrofitting purposes has been performed.The regulations in force when the existing stock was constructed(1980–2007)were considered to model the envelope and thermal systems of single-family and block housing.Building energy consumption and CO_(2) emissions were estimated for each type of dwelling and location,ranging from 44.2 to 130.6 kWh/(m^(2)·year)(13.6–32 kg CO_(2)/(m^(2)·year))for multi-family homes,and 85.5 to 213.5 kWh/(m^(2)·year)(17.1–45.2 kg CO_(2)/(m^(2)·year))for single-family homes.A global picture of the energy performance and emissions for 13 different climate zones was obtained with a total of 504 simulations.Retrofitting of the envelope allowed the reduction of consumption and emissions from 37.7%to 58%,depending on the climate zone.Energy consumption per square meter in block housing was lower than in single-family housing;nevertheless,single-family houses responded more effectively to energy improvement actions.Finally,non-renewable primary energy savings seem a better indicator of the improvement by retrofitting than the energy label.The building models designed in this work may serve as a reference for subsequent research concerning energy retrofitting and energy savings of housing stock.