Numerical and theoretical study of large-scale failure of strata overlying sublevel caving mines with steeply dipping discontinuities

The deformation and fracture evolution mechanisms of the strata overlying mines mined using sublevel caving were studied via numerical simulations.Moreover,an expression for the normal force acting on the side face of a steeply dipping superimposed cantilever beam in the surrounding rock was deduced based on limit equilibrium theory.The results show the following:(1)surface displacement above metal mines with steeply dipping discontinuities shows significant step characteristics,and(2)the behavior of the strata as they fail exhibits superimposition characteristics.Generally,failure first occurs in certain superimposed strata slightly far from the goaf.Subsequently,with the constant downward excavation of the orebody,the superimposed strata become damaged both upwards away from and downwards toward the goaf.This process continues until the deep part of the steeply dipping superimposed strata forms a large-scale deep fracture plane that connects with the goaf.The deep fracture plane generally makes an angle of 12°-20°with the normal to the steeply dipping discontinuities.The effect of the constant outward transfer of strata movement due to the constant outward failure of the superimposed strata in the metal mines with steeply dipping discontinuities causes the scope of the strata movement in these mines to be larger than expected.The strata in the metal mines with steeply dipping discontinuities mainly show flexural toppling failure.However,the steeply dipping structural strata near the goaf mainly exhibit shear slipping failure,in which case the mechanical model used to describe them can be simplified by treating them as steeply dipping superimposed cantilever beams.By taking the steeply dipping superimposed cantilever beam that first experiences failure as the key stratum,the failure scope of the strata(and criteria for the stability of metal mines with steeply dipping discontinuities mined using sublevel caving)can be obtained via iterative computations from the key stratum,moving downward toward and upwards away from the goaf.

The effect of local irregular topography on seismic ground motion

Effects of irregUlar topography on ground motion for incident P, SV and the propagation of Rayleigh waves are studied by combining finite element method with modified transmitting boundary. TheoretiCal models include isolated protrUding topography and similar adjacent Protruding topography. The concluaion drawn from thisstudy is that the effects Of isolated protruding topography are remarkably larger for Rayleigh wave propagation than for P and SV they waves; Considering adjacent irregUlar toography ground motion is amplified, the duration of ground motion becomes longer and the speCtral ratios exhibit narrowband peaks Considering adjacent irregular topography and Rayleigh wave Propagation, the theoretical results wb more approach the results obtained in practice.

Layer-Constrained Triangulated Irregular Network Algorithm Based on Ground Penetrating Radar Data and Its Application

In this paper,a layer-constrained triangulated irregular network（ LC-TIN） algorithm is proposed for three-dimensional（ 3 D） modelling,and applied to construct a 3 D model for geological disease information based on ground penetrating radar（ GPR） data. Compared with the traditional TIN algorithm,the LCTIN algorithm introduced a layer constraint to the discrete data points during the 3 D modelling process,and it can dynamically construct networks from layer to layer and implement 3 D modelling for arbitrary shapes with high precision. The experimental results validated this method,the proposed algorithm not only can maintain the rationality of triangulation network,but also can obtain a good generation speed. In addition,the algorithm is also introduced to our self-developed 3 D visualization platform,which utilized GPR data to model geological diseases. Therefore the feasibility of the algorithm is verified in the practical application.

基于微震监测的不规则条带工作面冲击危险主控因素分析与防治

不规则条带工作面往往存在冲击地压的可能,而冲击地压的破坏性极大,严重威胁煤矿安全生产。彭庄煤矿4307工作面属于不规则工作面,为保证安全回采,对四采区工作面的微震监测结果进行分析得出4307工作面冲击地压的主控因素为构造应力、断层构造及坚硬顶板,并论证主控因素的防控可行性,为工作面回采期间防冲工作的开展提供依据。

ArcGIS在露天矿山土石方量测算中的应用

露天矿山生态治理修复普遍采用台阶爆破削坡复绿技术,传统土石方量测算方法难以适应高陡边坡复杂的地形环境。为快速准确获取露天矿山生态治理土石方填挖量,采用无人机倾斜摄影测量方法快速获取矿区高精度、高密度点云数据,利用ArcGIS软件对点云数据和规划设计数据进行处理,构建TIN模型并转化为栅格模型,采用3DAnalyst中的CutFill工具进行土石方填挖量计算,将测算成果进行多形式可视化表达,数据成果准确可靠。采用基于CASS软件的DTM法对矿山生态治理土石方填挖量进行计算,在露天矿山复杂地形环境及高程点密集程度等因素的影响下,DTM法测算成果误差较大,作业效率和测算精度均远低于ArcGIS测算方法,说明采用倾斜摄影测量和ArcGIS软件相结合的技术方法进行露天矿山生态治理土石方填挖量测算速度快、精度高、数据成果可视化,能够为露天矿山生态恢复提供精确的土石方填挖量数据成果。

隧道衬砌结构不规则空洞正演模拟与时频分析

为有效识别隧道衬砌结构各种形状的空洞,采用时域有限差分法进行正演模拟,分别分析空洞形状、充填介质和埋深对探地雷达电磁反射波成像效果和时频特征的影响,并通过室内模型试验进行验证。研究结果表明:空洞反射波的响应特征均表现为开口向下的抛物线。随着空洞上部边界由直线逐渐过渡至圆弧形或尖角形,正演模拟图中反射波的次数减少,反射信号减弱,且连续小波变换时频图中的能量值也越来越小。空洞埋深越浅,空洞充填介质的介电常数越大,则所得模拟图像的信号越强。该研究成果可为隧道衬砌结构内空洞周围的病害发育预测和判断提供参考。

富水砂卵石地层的异型地连墙施工质量控制技术研究

地下连续墙的施工技术比较成熟,近年来在城市地铁车站的围护结构施工中应用较广。论文结合工程实例,针对富水砂卵石地层中异形槽段地连墙的工艺控制及可能存在的施工质量风险进行分析,并提出相应的质量防治措施,对类似工程施工有一定的指导意义。

Influence of earthquake direction on the seismic response of irregular plan RC frame buildings

The nonlinear response of structures is usually evaluated by considering two accelerograms acting simultaneously along the orthogonal directions. In this study, the infl uence of the earthquake direction on the seismic response of building structures is examined. Three multi-story RC buildings, representing a very common structural typology in Italy, are used as case studies for the evaluation. They are, respectively, a rectangular plan shape, an L plan shape and a rectangular plan shape with courtyard buildings. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are performed by considering different seismic levels, characterized by peak ground acceleration on stiff soil equal to 0.35 g, 0.25 g and 0.15 g. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are carried out by considering twelve different earthquake directions, and rotating the direction of both the orthogonal components by 30° for each analysis(from 0° to 330°). The survey is carried out on the L plan shape structure. The results show that the angle of the seismic input motion signifi cantly infl uences the response of RC structures; the critical seismic angle, i.e., the incidence angle that produces the maximum demand, provides an increase of up to 37% in terms of both roof displacements and plastic hinge rotations.

Simple and fast prediction of train-induced track forces,ground and building vibrations

A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train-induced ground and building vibrations.Simple models such as(one-dimensional)transfer matrices are used for the vehicle–track–soil interaction and for the building–soil interaction.The wave propagation through layered soils is approximated by a frequency-dependent homogeneous half-space.The prediction is divided into the parts“emission”(excitation by railway traffic),“transmission”(wave propagation through the soil)and“immission”(transfer into a building).The link between the modules is made by the excitation force between emission and transmission,and by the free-field vibration between transmission and immission.All formula for the simple vehicle–track,soil and building models are given in this article.The behaviour of the models is demonstrated by typical examples,including the mitigation of train vibrations by elastic track elements,the low-and high-frequency cut-offs characteristic for layered soils,and the interacting soil,wall and floor resonances of multi-storey buildings.It is shown that the results of the simple prediction models can well represent the behaviour of the more time-consuming detailed models,the finite-element boundary-element models of the track,the wavenumber integrals for the soil and the three-dimensional finite-element models of the building.In addition,measurement examples are given for each part of the prediction,confirming that the methods provide reasonable results.As the prediction models are fast in calculation,many predictions can be done,for example to assess the environmental effect along a new railway line.The simple models have the additional advantage that the user needs to know only a minimum of parameters.So,the prediction is fast and user-friendly,but also theoretically and experimentally well-founded.

考虑地裂缝影响的连体结构地震动力响应分析

西安火车站东配楼为不规则连体结构,其质量与刚度分布差异较大,地震作用下的平扭耦合效应显著,不利于结构抗震,为研究地震作用下f 3地裂缝对该连体结构动力响应的影响,本文采用ABAQUS有限元软件分别建立了f 3地裂缝场地与无地裂缝场地的土体结构耦合模型,对比分析了地震作用下结构的位移、加速度及扭转等响应。结果表明:地裂缝增强了地震的激励作用和连体结构的动力响应,由于大区各柱脚距地裂缝距离均不相同,因此大区的扭转响应显著提升,增幅达到了191.61%;在弹性与弹塑性阶段,连体结构的最大层间位移角分别为1/580和1/51,满足相关规范要求;大、小三角区的位移及加速度大致相同,表现出较强的平动耦联效应;而大跨桁架连廊采用滑动支座能有效释放连体结构的相对位移,并降低强震作用下大区与小三角区的扭转耦联效应;连体结构的薄弱层为1、2层,应进一步提升结构刚度。

近断层地震动作用下平面不规则结构双层隔震体系抗震性能分析

为探究平面不规则建筑采用双层隔震体系受水平方向近断层地震动影响时的抗扭情况,对某一12层平面不规则框架结构模型,考虑中间隔震层位置不同的影响,使用SAP2000有限元软件建立三种不同的双层隔震体系模型,即三层、六层、九层隔震体系,并与基础固定模型和传统基础隔震模型相对比,以X和Y两个水平方向对结构输入两种类型的近断层地震波进行数值模拟,分析结构输出的各种与抗震性能相关的动力响应参数。结果表明:五种模型中,三层隔震体系能使结构的自振周期增加1.8倍,且周期比更小;三层隔震体系的层间剪力最小;三层隔震体系可有效减小结构的层间位移角;三层隔震体系对平面不规则结构楼层加速度控制能力优于其他模型;三种双层隔震体系的扭转位移比均远小于基础固定模型,其对小跨度方向扭转位移比的控制更明显;三层隔震体系相比于其他模型具有更好的抗震性能且布置时应注意中间隔震层的参数选择。

非正常迁移儿童救助保护服务的政策演进与实践逻辑

完善非正常迁移儿童救助保护服务是促进儿童福利事业全面深化、织牢织密“一老一小”民生保障网的重要现实任务。基于政策过程阶段论构建理论分析框架,借助NVivo 12软件,运用内容分析法对82项中央层面政策文件进行词频分析,采用扎根理论法对42个宝贝回家寻子网案例进行三级编码,总结政策演变规律及价值取向,分析实践情境脉络及内在逻辑。研究发现,非正常迁移儿童救助保护服务的政策取向与实践逻辑具有一致性,政策在嵌入式萌芽、专门化发展与稳步式推进的三阶段演进中,表现出“全周期关注、多主体参与”的价值取向,实践在其引导下形成了“预防、救助、再社会化全阶段覆盖,立法部门、公安机关、家庭社会等多主体合作联动”的行动逻辑。政府可通过加强顶层设计与落地实践协同、整合多主体资源、重视预防与再社会化环节等途径提高非正常迁移儿童救助保护服务水平与效率。

Level-of-Detail Rendering of Large-Scale Irregular Volume Datasets Using Particles

This paper describes a level-of-detail rendering technique for large-scale irregular volume datasets.It is well known that the memory bandwidth consumed by visibility sorting becomes the limiting factor when carrying out volume rendering of such datasets.To develop a sorting-free volume rendering technique,we previously proposed a particle-based technique that generates opaque and emissive particles using a density function constant within an irregular volume cell and projects the particles onto an image plane with sub-pixels.When the density function changes significantly in an irregular volume cell,the cell boundary may become prominent,which can cause blocky noise.When the number of the sub-pixels increases,the required frame buffer tends to be large.To solve this problem,this work proposes a new particle-based volume rendering which generates particles using metropolis sampling and renders the particles using the ensemble average. To confirm the effectiveness of this method,we applied our proposed technique to several irregular volume datasets,with the result that the ensemble average outperforms the sub-pixel average in computational complexity and memory usage. In addition,the ensemble average technique allowed us to implement a level of detail in the interactive rendering of a 71-million-cell hexahedral volume dataset and a 26-million-cell quadratic tetrahedral volume dataset.

脉冲型地震下竖向不规则重力柱-核心筒结构的弹塑性地震响应

研究了速度脉冲型地震作用和结构竖向不规则双重不利条件对结构弹塑性地震反应的影响。设计了20层和30层的新型重力柱-核心筒典型结构,通过改变底层刚度得到一系列竖向不规则结构。分别选取10条速度脉冲和10条非速度脉冲地震记录,采用CANNY软件对竖向不规则重力柱-核心筒结构进行弹塑性动力时程分析,研究速度脉冲效应和竖向不规则对结构弹塑性地震响应的影响规律。结果表明,速度脉冲地震下结构层间剪力、层间位移和倾覆力矩均明显高于非速度脉冲地震下的对应值;竖向不规则对结构弹塑性抗震需求影响显著,层间位移角随着竖向不规则比率的减小而增大,层间剪力和倾覆力矩则呈略微减小的变化趋势。建议在新型重力柱-核心筒结构设计中应考虑速度脉冲地震和结构竖向不规则的耦合影响。

不规则停采线煤柱高应力下大采高工作面末采期间冲击地压监测分析研究

目前,我国正大力倡导和发展清洁能源,但在未来很长一段时间内,煤炭依旧是不可或缺的能源之一。随着矿井各项灾害已日益制约煤矿安全开采,除常见的煤矿五大灾害外,煤矿冲击地压灾害毅然成为安全生产的又一重大灾害。对冲击地压的认知不足及防治不到位,致使冲击地压灾害的发生,造成井下巷道的破坏、设备的损坏、停产及人员伤亡等。不规则停采线采煤工作面,末采期间产生了大量的能量事件,对末采期工作面回撤造成较大的冲击地压防治压力,因此对不规则停采线煤柱高应力下大采高工作面末采期间冲击地压监测进行分析研究意义重大。

高速铁路路基-地基系统振动响应分析

推导了有砟轨道-路基-地基系统在轮轨接触点处的柔度矩阵,建立了考虑轨道不平顺的车辆-有砟轨道-路基-层状地基垂向耦合振动解析模型。通过算例分析了单台TGV高速动车引起的路堤本体-地基系统振动,得到路堤本体表面的垂向位移,研究了列车速度、轨道不平顺、基床刚度和路堤土体刚度对路堤本体振动的影响。研究结果表明:路堤本体垂向位移主要由移动列车轴荷载引起;随着列车速度的提高,路堤振动的"波动性"明显增加;基床刚度和路堤土体刚度对路堤振动影响显著,可通过增大基床和路堤土体刚度来减小高速列车引起的路基振动。

有砟与板式无砟轨道结构对高速铁路地基振动的影响分析

将既有的车辆-有砟轨道-路基-层状地基耦合系统垂向振动解析模型进行修改,使模型适应于板式无砟轨道的状况。针对我国客运专线线路情况,利用模型比较分析了有砟与板式无砟两种轨道结构下高速列车运行引起的地基振动,得到地基表面垂向振动加速度的振级、时程曲线和Z振级,动应力的功率谱与时程曲线;并讨论了轨道随机不平顺对地基振动的影响。分析结果表明：板式无砟轨道具有更好的隔振能力,板式无砟轨道情况下的地基振动加速度和动应力都明显小于有砟轨道的情况,其中Z振级减小约10~20 d B,且减小振动的主要频率分布在10~40 Hz的中频范围内;移动轴荷载对地基的低频振动贡献较大,而轨道随机不平顺主要对中高频振动产生作用,且板式无砟轨道情况下轨道随机不平顺对地基振动的影响远大于有砟轨道的情况,因此板式无砟轨道需更严格控制轨道的平顺状态。

层状饱和地基-轨道-列车耦合系统轨道不平顺引起的振动分析

采用半解析方法研究了层状饱和地基-轨道-列车耦合系统的动力响应问题。层状饱和地基由任意水平饱和土层和下卧饱和半空间组成,轨道采用以无限长欧拉梁模拟的钢轨、连续质量块模拟的轨枕和Cosserat模型模拟的道砟组成的三层系统,列车模拟为弹簧和阻尼元件连接的多刚体系统。振动输入由钢轨的竖向不平顺提供。通过地基表面轨道中心处竖向位移与道砟位移相等实现层状饱和地基和轨道的耦合,通过在车轮与钢轨间引入Hertizian接触弹簧来实现轨道与列车的耦合,首先求得频率-波数域内解答,然后通过Fourier逆变换求得时间-空间域内振动响应。文中验证了方法的正确性,并进行了数值计算分析,研究表明钢轨不平顺引起的列车动荷载振动频率较低时,随着列车运行速度的增大地基表面位移幅值逐渐增大;振动频率较高时,列车运行速度对位移幅值峰值的影响不明显,但列车驶过后地基的振动明显增大,振动时间变长。

基于2.5维有限元-边界元分析轨道随机不平顺影响下的铁路地基振动

建立了完善的2.5维有限元-边界元耦合模型分析移动谐荷载作用下钢轨、扣件、轨枕、道砟、路基和地基等各部分的振动响应;利用既有的车辆-轨道-路基-地基耦合系统垂向振动解析模型得到轨道谐波高低不平顺引起的垂向动态轮轨力;在此基础上,结合轨道随机不平顺功率谱密度,提出了列车运行引起的地基振动功率谱计算方法。对比分析了地基表面测点垂向振动加速度级的理论计算与现场实测结果,证明了该模型的合理性。模型能有效地分析具有复杂横截面形状的轨道-路基-地基系统的振动响应以及多种轨道、地基减振隔振措施的影响,且具有较高的计算效率,适用于铁路线路设计阶段的方案比较研究。

基于振源-传播模型的地铁引起地面振动数值预测

针对上海地铁运行引起地面振动的预测问题,应用振源模型计算不同车速对轨道基础的激振力,应用传播模型计算不同激振力输入下的地面振动加速度,建立了"地铁-隧道-土层"系统动力有限元模型。通过对比数值模拟结果与实测结果,分析了不同因素对地铁引起地面振动的影响规律。结果表明:随着地铁车速增加,振源激振力和地面振动加速度的幅值均明显增大;地面上距地铁中心线30m范围内各点振动加速度峰值随距地铁中心线距离由近及远呈幂函数形式衰减;地面振动加速度频率主要为低频振动,随着距地铁中心线距离的增大,高频衰减相对于低频更为明显;建议上海地区建筑尽量在地铁中心线20m范围外进行规划,或采取降低设计车速、减轻车辆荷载、优化隔振措施等方法,减少地铁运行引起地面振动对地面建筑及居民生活的影响。