Research and Application of Recycled Concrete Technology in Prefabricated Buildings

The utilization of waste concrete as a raw material for recycled concrete in the domain of prefabricated components is garnering greater interest.This paper delineates and examines the concept,categorization,methodologies of preparation,applicable sectors,and evaluative metrics of recycled concrete technology,highlighting its prospective benefits.Nonetheless,for the successful integration of recycled concrete technology into prefabricated component applications,it is imperative to systematically enhance its physical,mechanical,and attributes,as well as its environmental efficacy.Moreover,to foster the continued advancement of recycled concrete technology,innovative initiatives,standardization,educational programs,demonstration projects,and collaborative efforts are crucial to promote broader adoption and realize improved outcomes within the realm of prefabricated components.In conclusion,recycled concrete technology is poised to play a pivotal role in prefabricated construction,offering robust support for propelling the construction industry towards a sustainable future.

Design and Construction Technology of Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Slab Culverts

Compared with traditional cast-in-situ concrete slab culverts,prefabricated reinforced concrete slab culverts can be produced more quickly and has strong quality controllability,strong earthquake resistance,and repeatability.They will be the primary production method of slab culverts in the future.This article offers a comprehensive review of the design and construction technology associated with prefabricated reinforced concrete slab culverts.The objective is to provide a valuable reference for related enterprises,enhance the quality of design and construction in precast pile configuration,and,in turn,contribute to the advancement of construction projects within our country.

Sound Insulation Performance of Prefabricated Concrete Partitions in Hellenic School Buildings

The scope of this study is to investigate flanking noise transmission through joints between prefabricated concrete elements in Hellenic school buildings;such joints apparently are non-existent in the wholesome structure of ordinary concrete buildings.Sound insulation measurements were carried out in two prefabricated concrete buildings of the cell type;the latter involves demountable/reusable concrete elements(the cells);in this case,apparently,flanking noise transmission at joints,may be even more pronounced.A sample of seventeen fa?ade and interior partitions of classrooms was tested.Sound insulation was also predicted based on classical theory.Analysis of the measured data confirms,by and large,the satisfactory sound insulation performance of the test partitions,with the exception of composite partitions which involve door and window openings.The latter were identified to be a major source of sound insulation deterioration.The importance of meticulous sealing of joints is demonstrated.

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block Prefabricated Multi-Storey Building Technology

In active response to the national requirements of promoting green building materials and developing prefabricated buildings,it is necessary to continuously optimize and reasonably employ relevant technologies.Autoclaved aerated concrete block prefabricated multi-storey building technology is a new technology,which will not only effectively realize green environmental protection in construction engineering,but also promote the further development of prefabricated buildings.Therefore,this paper analyzes the autoclaved aerated concrete block prefabricated multi-storey building technology for future references.

Effect of CSH Crystal Nucleus on Steam-Free Cured Fly Ash Precast Concrete Components

The measures of steam curing and early-strengthening agents to promote the precast components to reach the target strength quickly can bring different degrees of damage to the concrete.Based on this,the new nanomaterial CSH-the hydration product of cement effectively solves these measures’disadvantages,such as excessive energy consumption,thermal stress damage,and the introduction of external ions.In this paper,the effect of CSH on the early strength of precast fly ash concrete components was investigated in terms of setting time,workability,and mechanical properties and analyzed at the microscopic level using hydration temperature,XRD,and SEM.The results showed that under the same workability,CSH could significantly reduce the amount of admixture,shorten the final setting time,almost not affect the initial setting time,and accelerate the hydration of cement.At the optimum dose of 5%,the mechanical properties of the specimens were improved by more than 98%within 12 h of hydration,resulting in an earlier release time of 12 h and no risk of strength inversion later.The results of this paper give theoretical support to the behavior of precast components under steam-free curing.

Experimental seismic behavior of squat shear walls with precast concrete hollow moulds

This study proposes an innovative precast shear wall system, called an EVE precast hollow shear wall structure (EVE-PHSW). Precast panels in EVE-PHSW are simultaneously precast with vertical and horizontal holes. Noncontact lap splices of rebars are used in vertical joints connecting adjacent precast panels for automated prefabrication and easy in situ erection. The seismic behavior of EVE walls was examined through a series of tests on six wall specimens with aspect ratios of 1.0~1.3. Test results showed that EVE wall specimens with inside cast-in situ concrete achieved the desired “strong bending and weak shear” and failed in shear mode. Common main diagonal cracks and brittle shear failure in squat cast-in situ walls were prevented. Inside cast-in situ concrete could signifi cantly improve the shear strength and stiff ness of EVE walls. The details of boundary elements (cast-in situ or prefabricated) and vertical joints (contiguous or spaced) had little eff ect on the global behavior of EVE walls. Noncontact lap splices in vertical joints could enable EVE walls to exhibit stable load-carrying capacity through extensive deformations. Evaluation on design codes revealed that both JGJ 3-2010 and ACI 318-14 provide conservative estimation of shear strength of EVE walls, and EVE walls achieved shear strength reserves comparative to cast-in situ walls. The recommended eff ective stiff ness for cast-in situ walls in ASCE 41-17 appeared to be appropriate for EVE walls.

A Statistical Analysis of the Modulus of Elasticity and Compressive Strength of Concrete C45/55 for Pre-stressed Precast Beams

Random behavior of concrete C45/55 XF2 used for prefabricated pre-stressed bridge beams is described on the basis of evaluating a vast set of measurements. A detailed statistical analysis is carried out on 133 test results of cylinders 150 ~ 300 mm in size. The tests have been running in laboratories of the Klokner Institute. A single worker took all specimens throughout the period, and the subsequent measurements of the static modulus of elasticity and the compressive strength of the concrete were performed. The measurements were made at the age of 28 days after specimens casting, and only one testing machine with the same capping method was used. Suitable theoretical models of division are determined on the basis of tests in good congruence, with the use of Z2 and the Bernstein criterion. A set of concrete compressive strength （carried out on 133 test results of cylinders 150 ~ 300 mm after test of static modulus of elasticity） shows relatively high skewness in this specific case. This cause that limited beta distribution is better than generally recommended theoretical distribution for strength the normal or lognormal. The modulus of elasticity is not significantly affected due to skewness because the design value is based on mean value.

Confinement properties of circular concrete columns wrapped with prefabricated textile-reinforced fine concrete shells

This paper proposes an innovative column composed of a core column(including both reinforced concrete(RC)and plain concrete(PC)columns)and a prefabricated textile-reinforced fine concrete(TRC)shell.To study the confinement properties of TRC shells on this novel type of concrete column,20 circular specimens,including 12 PC columns and 8 RC columns,were prepared for axial compressive tests.Four key parameters,including the column size,reinforcing ratio of the carbon textile,concrete strength,and stirrup spacing,were evaluated.The results indicated that the compressive properties of the columns were improved by increasing the reinforcing ratio of the textile layers.In the case of TRC-confined PC columns,the maximum improvement in the peak load was 56.3%,and for TRC-confined RC columns,the maximum improvement was 60.2%.Based on the test results,an analytical model that can be used to calculate the stress–strain curves of prefabricated TRC shell-confined concrete columns has been proposed.The calculated curves predicted by the proposed model agreed well with the test results.

预制装配式型钢混凝土梁抗剪承载力的智能模型研究

通过建立计算预制装配式型钢混凝土(PSRC)梁抗剪承载力的智能模型,在一定程度上提高了计算精度与适用性。基于BP人工神经网络算法,通过对影响PSRC梁抗剪承载力的相关参数进行梳理,选取14个主要影响参数作为输入层,以试算法确定隐含层节点数为5,初步构建了3层结构人工神经网络系统;以收集的76组试验数据作为学习样本,对构建的神经网络系统进行训练,建立了对PSRC梁及SRC梁抗剪承载力计算的N14-5-1智能模型。使用智能模型对6个PSRC梁构件及6个SRC梁构件进行抗剪承载力计算,并通过与规范公式计算结果、试验结果的对比分析,证明了智能模型具有良好的计算精度及较好的泛化能力,具有一定的工程参考意义。运用Garson算法对输入参数进行敏感性分析,结果表明箍筋间距、型钢屈服强度、箍筋屈服强度、型钢腹板含钢率对抗剪承载力影响较大。随着研究试验的开展,在收集更多具有代表性的试验数据以扩充学习样本后,可对智能模型进一步优化。

装配式配筋砌块砌体结构技术与应用

当前在国家大力倡导建筑业采用装配化建造方式的背景下,装配式混凝土结构、装配式钢结构等建筑新技术不断涌现并在工程建设中大量应用,而砌体建筑在这次装配化建造大潮中比较沉寂。砌体结构领域的工作者一直也在积极探索,介绍了砌体结构中一种配筋砌块砌体结构实现装配化建造的技术,该技术先以标准化生产的砌块产品组装成个性化需求的墙构件,再将墙构件经绑扎后在施工现场吊装并在安装中穿入竖向钢筋,最后用混凝土灌孔连接形成整体结构。该技术是基于理论试验研究及工程实践验证后得出的新成果,已有近20万m^(2)规模的工程实践应用,具有成本低、工艺简、安全性好、效率高等特点,为采用装配化方法建造房屋提供了新的选择。

装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能

为研究装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能,对1个足尺轻钢框架结构试件和3个足尺轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构试件进行了低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验及理论分析,试件变量包括:2种装配构造,即内嵌式装配墙板、外贴式装配墙板;2种轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板,即框架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板、桁架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板。研究了各试件的破坏特征和损伤演化过程,分析了结构滞回特性、承载力、变形能力、刚度退化、耗能性能和应变。结果表明:装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构共同工作性能良好,其水平承载力相比轻钢框架提高了204.7%~210.4%,抗侧刚度提高了257.3%~512.5%,结构变形及耗能能力有显著提高;内嵌墙板的自攻钉连接构造以及外贴墙板的螺栓连接构造传力性能可靠,结构具备2道抗震防线的受力特征;基于简化塑性分析模型以及拉压杆软化桁架模型,对试件承载力进行了计算,计算结果与试验符合较好。

UHPC在T梁桥错孔拼宽湿接缝中的设计研究

装配式桥梁拼宽改造会出现错孔拼宽的情况,由于新旧桥错孔布置导致活荷载作用下新旧桥竖向变形在横向不协调,常规的普通混凝土拼接湿接缝方案难以满足车辆荷载产生的横向拉应力。以某高速公路改扩建项目中3×30m预应力混凝土T梁错孔拼宽改造为背景,在常规对孔拼接缝方案的基础上,结合超高性能混凝土(UHPC)抗拉性能,研究了一种不等宽柔性拼接方案,并采用有限元软件建立在最不利错孔15m情况下T梁实体模型,分析温度、车辆荷载、沉降对T梁拼接缝处的受力性能。结果表明:该结构在单项运营荷载及运营荷载组合作用下,结构受力满足材料性能要求,方案可行。

装配式双槽钢拼合PEC柱受压性能试验研究

为发挥钢-混组合结构优良性能及装配式结构施工节能、质量可控的优势,满足建筑模块化、工业化发展需求,提出螺栓连接装配式双槽钢拼合部分包裹混凝土(PEC)组合柱,开展1个纯钢拼合柱、5个组合拼合柱轴心受压及偏心压弯性能试验,结合数值模拟对组合柱破坏形态、应变发展规律、变形性能和承载能力进行分析研究,揭示了螺栓间距、混凝土外伸宽度、相对偏心距大小等因素对双槽钢拼合柱受压力学性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:轴心受压双槽钢拼合柱破坏模式均为整体失稳破坏,偏心受压双槽钢拼合柱均为压弯破坏,使用钢板及螺栓能可靠连接构件,加载过程双肢未发生分离;加密螺栓间距能有效增强组合柱峰后延性,在一定间距范围内构件具较高刚度,由1000mm加至500 mm极限承载力提高4.43%;开孔钢板连接件能约束且保证混凝土与型钢协同工作,破坏阶段前混凝土与型钢未出现明显黏结分离;混凝土外伸宽度增加能提高构件稳定性能.提出考虑单肢影响的轴压承载力计算方法与基于Eurocode 4规范双槽钢拼合柱轴力-弯矩(N-M)相关曲线,理论结果与试验吻合较好,可为装配式拼合柱设计应用提供理论支撑.

装配式型钢混凝土叠合框架梁连接节点构造设置与安全分析

住房和城乡建设部印发《“十四五”建筑业发展规划》提出大力发展装配式建筑、推动生产和施工智能化升级的主要任务。而国内目前采用的预制叠合框架梁存在着跨度大自重大吊装成本高、预制梁柱节点位置易发生钢筋碰撞吊装定位难度大等问题,限制了装配式建筑结构的发展。结合实际工程项目,提出一种新型的装配式型钢混凝土叠合框架梁,并对该叠合梁的构造设置、连接方式及安全性进行分析,从而为装配式框架结构、框架—剪力墙结构等装配式建筑中框架梁的深化设计提供一种新的拆分方案。

新型波纹管连接方钢管混凝土拼接柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究一种新型波纹管连接方钢管混凝土拼接柱的抗震性能,以不同节点配筋率、不同节点锚固长度和轴压比为主要研究变量,对1个整浇柱和4个装配柱进行低周往复加载试验。研究分析了整浇柱与装配柱在破坏模式、滞回性能、位移延性等方面的抗震性能差异。结果表明:装配柱与整浇柱破坏模式类似,采用不同节点构造的装配柱与整浇柱在滞回曲线、骨架特性和刚度退化等方面差异不大,装配柱的耗能性能优于整浇柱。各装配柱极限位移角为1/16.7~1/25,满足规范设计要求。在较大轴压比下,装配柱的承载力提升,延性降低。在较大位移角下,装配柱节点抗震性能受焊缝质量的影响较大,建议实际工程中加强焊接质量管理,以保证构件具有足够的变形能力。

基于拉压杆模型的装配式混凝土挡墙结构设计方法

为了研究装配式混凝土箱体挡墙结构在水压力和土压力共同作用下的受力机理,提出了一种基于拉压杆模型的装配式混凝土挡墙结构设计方法.以体积和应变能为优化目标,采用Tosca软件对数值模拟得到的主要受力骨架进行拓扑优化.构建拉压杆模型,结合箱体挡墙结构的破坏机理,分析并推导出侧墙受压、临水面挡墙和集束连接受拉3种主要破坏模式的承载力公式.实际工程对比分析结果表明:进行900次模型优化后,优化形态和应变能基本保持不变;基于拉压杆模型的装配式混凝土箱体挡墙结构的承载能力低于规范值和有限元模拟值,但误差均保持在16%范围内,从而验证了该方法的合理性.

自攻钉集块连接混凝土复合剪力墙抗震性能试验

提出了适用于装配式混凝土复合剪力墙结构的自攻钉集块连接构造,为研究自攻钉集块连接混凝土复合剪力墙的抗震性能,设计制作了3个剪跨比为1.39的足尺剪力墙试件,进行了低周反复荷载试验,主要变量包括自攻钉集块连接构造、自攻钉集块与后浇条带组合连接构造以及L形边框构造柱。分析了试件破坏模式、承载力、滞回特性、刚度及退化、变形能力、耗能性能和应变特征等。结果表明:自攻钉集块连接构造装配便捷,受力性能可靠;采用自攻钉集块与后浇条带组合连接构造试件的承载力及刚度相比自攻钉集块连接构造分别提高了8.54%和6.03%;设置L形边框构造柱的试件承载力、刚度及耗能分别提高了67.48%、129.33%和277.93%。自攻钉集块连接复合剪力墙具有良好的抗震性能,满足装配式低层住宅混凝土复合剪力墙结构的抗震设计要求,可用于实际工程。

自攻钉集块连接T形边框混凝土肋格复合墙板抗震性能试验

研发了混凝土框架(桁架)肋格填充发泡混凝土墙板,提出了T形边框与混凝土肋格复合墙板边肋的自攻钉集块连接构造。设计并制作了2个足尺自攻钉集块连接T形边框混凝土肋格复合墙板试件,包括1个十字形框架肋格墙板试件和1个人字形支撑桁架肋格墙板试件。进行了低周反复荷载试验,研究了各试件的破坏状态和滞回特性,分析了不同肋格构造对承载力、刚度、变形能力及耗能性能的影响。结果表明:十字形框架肋格墙板试件主要发生了发泡混凝土填充墙板及硬化砂浆面层的剪切开裂,人字形支撑桁架肋格墙板的破坏特征为混凝土桁架支撑的损伤失效;人字形支撑桁架肋格墙板试件的承载力和初始刚度相比十字形框架肋格墙板试件分别提高了74.3%和69.0%;十字形框架肋格墙板试件则具有较高的变形能力和耗能性能;自攻钉集块连接构造连接性能可靠,保证了T形边框与混凝土肋格复合墙板的协同变形。可为工程设计与施工提供参考。

装配式槽钢-混凝土组合梁受弯性能研究

为研究采用螺栓连接的装配式槽钢-混凝土组合梁(PSCCB)的受弯性能,制作了7个不同宽跨比、梁高和剪切连接间距的PSCCB试件,对其进行四点弯曲测试。基于ABAQUS软件建立PSCCB有限元模型,通过试验结果验证模型的可靠性,并分析螺栓间距、螺栓预紧力、抗剪连接件间距、剪跨比、宽跨比、槽钢强度和混凝土强度对PSCCB受弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:高强度螺栓能确保PSCCB具有较高的整体性和良好的强度和延性;随着宽跨比增大,PSCCB抗弯承载力和延性分别提高8%~19%和11%~21%;穿孔钢板剪力连接件在槽钢和混凝土板之间提供高效的组合作用,部分抗剪连接与完全抗剪连接PSCCB的延性、强度、刚度差异少于10%;与梁高320 mm的PSCCB相比,梁高400 mm的PSCCB的抗弯承载力提高96%,但延性降低10%。分析结果说明:有限元分析结果与试验结果较吻合,所建立的模型能准确反映PSCCB的受弯性能;随着螺栓间距和预紧力的增大,PSCCB受弯承载力和初始刚度基本保持不变;适当增加抗剪连接程度和宽跨比能有效提升PSCCB的受弯承载力和初始刚度;增加槽钢强度能显著提高PSCCB的受弯承载力,而混凝土强度变化对其受弯承载力影响较小。根据试验和有限元参数分析,提出PSCCB受弯性能设计方法,受弯承载力和跨中挠度计算值与试验及有限元分析结果吻合良好,可为PSCCB的工程设计提供参考。

装配式钢纤维混凝土节点抗震性能研究

为提高装配式混凝土节点抗震性能,在装配式梁柱节点核心区后浇混凝土中掺入钢纤维,结合ANSYS有限元软件,建立某装配式梁柱节点精细有限元模型,与试验结果对比验证有限元分析的可靠性。采用细观均匀化方法确定钢纤维混凝土非局部增强塑性损伤微平面模型的参数取值,研究钢纤维体积掺量等因素对节点力学性能的影响,并将钢纤维混凝土节点应用于装配式框架结构,基于OpenSEES平台进行动力时程分析,考察对结构整体抗震性能的改善作用。结果表明:在核心区掺入钢纤维,可提高节点的承载力和延性,提高幅度分别为4.14%~10.52%和2.94%~34.55%。在结构底部节点区增加钢纤维,可减小结构的层间位移、层间位移角和基底剪力,改善装配式框架结构的抗震性能;当钢纤维掺量较高时,对结构整体抗震性能改善不明显。