Media Sporting Events as Platforms for‘Soft Power’and Digital Activism

Mediatic sporting events are increasingly used in the geopolitical arena to gain consensus, at the same time emerging as platforms for the discussion of social issues, such as human rights and sustainability. This article presents an investigation into the role of mediatic sporting events and digital platforms in sparking political debate and social engagement to bring about change, including discussions on global and local interests and the performances of activist fans to promote debate on specific issues. The investigation employs a quantitative methodology. The initial inductive analysis uses a matrix of cultural key-frames of the empowerment and protest that accompany media sporting events, verifying their presence and effectiveness in different communication milieus. An analysis of the representation of protests on social media was performed through content analysis. The results of the investigation show that mediatic sporting events are to be understood as a diverse range of generators of multiple political effects: from the exercise of power to mass mobilization and media criticism.

English Training for College Student Volunteers at Sports Events

This paper studies English training for student volunteers at large scale sports events with a comprehensive investigation of the undergraduate student volunteers from Capital University of Physical Education who have taken part in large scale sports events.By examining the current volunteer training situation,the author finds that there is a sever lack of professional and systematical English training for student volunteers at large scale sports events.The study shows focusing on sports events knowledge and requirements of the volunteers’specific job is crucial to the service level of the volunteers.The study concludes that the problem can be solved by developing new course books,innovating new flexible training methods,and offering more comprehensive training content.The recommended training methods include intensive group training,computer aided teaching,task training and on-the-spot training to make them fit their work soon.

Sports Events is the Inevitable History Development

Establishment of operation and management model of sports events is the inevitable history development of "sports competition showing business" in China;the essence implies in development of dialectical relations of the three aspects of "reason","law," "emotion",which can also be understood as "reason" first,"law" as basis,"feeling" secondary;establishment of operation and management model of sports events with Chinese characteristics.

Discussion on the Core Strength Training Method for 100-Meter Event in Track and Field Sports

In track and field sports,the 100-meter race is an extremely intense sport that requires effective training of athletes’core strength.From the perspective of adolescents,in order to enhance core strength,it is necessary to effectively fix the pelvic position in the process of exercise,so that the core stability,balance,and coordination of athletes can be improved.The training process of the 100-meter event is mainly an anaerobic metabolic exercise,it is necessary to ensure that athletes maintain a high level of physical readiness during the exercises and concentrate highly on their core strength,so that they can achieve excellent results.This paper analyzes the core strength training for the 100-meter event in track and field sports,discusses its importance,and puts forward specific training methods,hoping to provide guidelines for relevant researchers.

Practical Study of the Sports Garbage Pickup Tournament in Japan-Sports Events to Solve Social Problems

The Sports Garbage Pickup Tournament is a sports event that incorporates elements of competition into cleaning activities,as opposed to traditional cleaning activities.As of the end of December 2016,a total of 552 Sports Garbage Pickup Tournaments have been held,mobilizing a cumulative total number of 62,989 people.As each tournament brings a revenue of over 300,000 yen,the total sales so far would be more than 165,000,000 yen.This game was recently reported on the International Olympic Committee channel.The garbage issue,a social problem for local communities,should be solved by residents,visitors,and workers themselves through sports,cooperating with local governments.This is an eco-friendly sport aimed at“solving local social problems through sports.”Sports Garbage Pickup Tournaments can be held anywhere,inside the city or in a natural environment.In addition,the competition allows participants to visually understand the environmental capacity of garbage produced in the community,as the points are weighted according to the types of garbage.The Sports Garbage Pickup Tournament is an educational program for sustainable development with emphasis on experience,pursuit,and practice,and also an action-based program aimed at promoting spontaneous action.This is an optimal competition for participants to acquire skills through mutual communication.As children,adults,and people with disabilities can play together,the competition will promote communication across the generations.

Should eSports Be Categorized as Sports Events?

Don＇t be surprisod if someone tolls you that you can win a world championship by playing online games.Competitive online gaming,or eSports,has debuted as a demonstration sport at the 18th Asian Games held in Jakarta.

Assessment of an Outdoor Large Sports Event

The purpose of this manuscript was to discuss the findings and results of a large scale assessment of an outdoor sports event. An additional purpose was to develop a step-by-step methodology for instructor on how to implement an evaluation of a large recreation event in order to assist other organizations wishing to host or improve upon their own large-scale events. Large scale events have the potential to attract a large audience which can lead to many benefits for the instructors or organizers. The example used in this study was a large-scale event called the Oklahoma Wildlife Expo, which is the largest annual event hosted by the ODWC （Oklahoma Department of Wildlife and Conservation）. Its purpose is to emphasize the importance of wildlife conservation and provide an opportunity for the public to experience various outdoor recreation activities such as fishing, shooting, archery, and canoeing. Since visitors＇ assessment of the event is essential for future improvement, The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation has collaborated with academic institutions in order to conduct impartial research on visitors＇ perceptions regarding their experience at the event. The sample for this study suggested that all of the participants were highly satisfied with their overall experience. Findings are discussed and best-practices are suggested in order to assist other evaluators in their large-scale events in improving their data collection methodology as well as their event in general.

Sports Brands——Event Story and Harvest

32 days,64 competitions,bring the highest glory for the final winner who got the World Cup,and also bring great profit for every sponsor having sports brands. Largest sponsors are the biggest winners.

The Impacts of International Sport Events:Case Studies of Two Hungarian Cities,Gyor and Székesfehérvár

After the period between 1998 and 2002, sport has again and continuously been considered as a priority strategicsector in Hungary since the year 2010. Hungary has demonstrated remarkable performance in organisinginternational sport events. The FINA World Championships and the European Youth Olympic Festival, both heldin 2017, as well as the annual GyulaiIstván Memorial Athletics Hungarian Grand Prix have profound worldwidesignificance. The objective of the study is to give an insight into how the two host cities （Gyor and Székesfehérvár）and their residents perceive these international sport events and their impacts in Hungary.

ISO International Standards—a“toolbox”of Olympic proportions for major sporting,cultural and social events

How are the winners determined in most of the events that make up the Olympic Games? Theyare,of course,the athletes who run or swim faster,jump higher,lift heavier,throw further.But how is their prowess measured? By the SI (Système inter-national) International System of Units,which

Main Energy Paths and Energy Cascade Processes of the Two Types of Persistent Heavy Rainfall Events over the Yangtze River–Huaihe River Basin

Two types of persistent heavy rainfall events （PHREs） over the Yangtze River-Huaihe River Basin were determined in a recent statistical study： type A, whose precipitation is mainly located to the south of the Yangtze River; and type B, whose precipitation is mainly located to the north of the river. The present study investigated these two PHRE types using a newly derived set of energy equations to show the scale interaction and main energy paths contributing to the persistence of the precipitation. The main results were as follows. The available potential energy （APE） and kinetic energy （KE） associated with both PHRE types generally increased upward in the troposphere, with the energy of the type-A PHREs stronger than that of the type-B PHREs （except for in the middle troposphere）. There were two main common and universal energy paths of the two PHRE types： （1） the baroclinic energy conversion from APE to KE was the dominant energy source for the evolution of large-scale background circulations; and （2） the downscaled energy cascade processes of KE and APE were vital for sustaining the eddy flow, which directly caused the PHREs. The significant differences between the two PHRE types mainly appeared in the lower troposphere, where the baroclinic energy conversion associated with the eddy flow in type-A PHREs was from KE to APE, which reduced the intensity of the precipitation-related eddy flow; whereas, the conversion in type-B PHREs was from APE to KE, which enhanced the eddy flow.

Extensive Cold-Precipitation-Freezing Events in Southern China and Their Circulation Characteristics

Concurrence of low temperature,precipitation and freezing weather in an extensive area would cause devastating impacts on local economy and society.We call such a combination of concurrent disastrous weather“extensive coldprecipitation-freezing”events(ECPFEs).In this study,the ECPFEs in southern China(15°−35°N,102°−123°E)are objectively defined by using daily surface observational data for the period 1951−2013.An ECPFE in southern China is defined if the low temperature area,precipitation area and freezing area concurrently exceed their respective thresholds for at least three consecutive days.The identified ECPFEs are shown to be reasonable and reliable,compared with those in previous studies.The circulation anomalies in ECPFEs are characterized by a large-scale tilted ridge and trough pairing over mid-and high-latitude Eurasia,and the intensified subtropical westerlies along the southern foot of the Tibetan Plateau and the anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the subtropical western Pacific.Comparative analysis reveals that the stable cold air from the north and the warm and moist air from the south converge,facilitating a favorable environment for the concurrence of extensive low-temperature,precipitation and freezing weather.

Comparison of two types of persistent heavy rainfall events during sixteen warm seasons in the Sichuan Basin

Based on hourly precipitation from national surface stations,persistent heavy rainfall events(PHREs)over the Sichuan Basin(SCB)are explored during the warm season(May to September)from 2000 to 2015 to compare synoptic circulations and maintenance mechanisms between different PHRE types.There are two main types of PHREs:one is characterized by a rain belt west of 106°E over the SCB(WSB-PHREs),and the other features a rain belt east of 106°E over the SCB(ESB-PHREs).In total,there are 18 ESB-PHREs and 10 WSB-PHREs during the study period.Overall,the rain belts of WSB-PHREs are along the terrain distribution east of the Tibetan Plateau,while the precipitation intensity of ESB-PHREs is stronger.For the two types of PHREs,the shortwave trough over the SCB and the western Pacific subtropical high act as their favorable background environments,particularly for ESB-PHREs.The water vapor of WSB-PHREs is mainly transported from the South China Sea,whereas for ESB-PHREs the South China Sea and Bay of Bengal are their main moisture sources.The composite vorticity budgets of southwest vortices during their mature stage indicate that the convergence effect is a dominant factor for maintaining the two types of PHREs,and the strong vertical vorticity advection is also favorable,but the relative contribution of vertical advection is larger for WSB-PHREs.

Classification of wintertime large-scale tilted ridges over the Eurasian continent and their influences on surface air temperature

This study investigates the major patterns of large-scale tilted ridges(LSTRS)over the Eurasian continent and their connections with large-scale surface air temperature during boreal winter.A total number of 134 LSTR events with zonal extent exceeding 90°of longitude on the peak day are identified.Using self-organizing map(SOM),the LSTRs are classified into five clusters that are characterized by different spatial distributions and orientations.The leading two clusters are closely associated with extensive and persistent cold events over different places.Considering the first cluster,LSTRs extend from the Ural Mountains to Northeast Asia and are favorable for the amplification and southeastward extension of the Siberian high.Therefore,this cluster is closely associated with the occurrence of extensive and persistent cold events in china.In comparison with the first cluster,the LSTRs of second group are situated to the west,with starting points from the Kola Peninsula,and cause extensive and persistent cold events over Eastern Europe,central Asia,and central Siberia.The results suggest that the vertical coupling between LSTRs and the corresponding anomalous sea level pressure is crucial for the persistent cold temperature events associated with the leading two SOM clusters.

Spatiotemporal Variability in Extreme Temperature Events in an Arid-Semiarid Region of China and Their Teleconnections with Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation

With a warming climate,temperature extremes have been a main global issue in recent decades due to their potential influence on the sustainable development of human life and natural ecosystems.In this study,12 indicators of extreme temperature events are used to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution,periodic structure and teleconnections with large-scale atmospheric circulation in Xinjiang,Northwest China by combining wavelet coherence(WTC) analysis based on continuous wavelet transform(CWT) analysis with the sequential Mann-Kendall test.We find that over the past six decades,the climate in Xinjiang has become warmer and has suffered from increases in the frequency of warm extremes and decreases in the frequency of cold extremes.Warm extremes have mainly occurred in the southern Tianshan Mountains surrounding the Tarim Basin and western part of the Taklamakan Desert,and cold extremes have primarily occurred in the southwestern Altai Mountains and northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains.Extreme temperature events,including warm extremes,cold extremes,and other temperature indices,have significant interannual variability,with the main oscillation periods at smaller(2–4-year band),intermediate(4–7-year band),and greater time scales in recent decades.Furthermore,cold-extreme indices,including frost days,cool days,and cool nights all show a clear changepoint during 1990–1997 at the 95% confidence level,and both ice days and cold spell duration indicator have a potential changepoint during 1981–1986.However,the changing points for warmextreme indices are detected during 1992–1998.The temperature variables are significantly correlated with the EI Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation(AO),but less well correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO).The phase difference in the WTC spectra is not uniform between temperature extremes and climatic oscillations.Our findings will have important implications for local governments in taking effective measures to mitigate the potential effects of regional climate warming due to human activities in Xinjiang.

Enhanced Surveillance for National (Handicapped) Sports Games in Wakayama, Japan 2015

Introduction: We undertook enhanced surveillance of the 2015 Kinokuni Wakayama National Sports Games (70th National Sports Games) and the Kinokuni Wakayama Handicapped Sports Games (15th National Handicapped Sports Games) held in Wakayama prefecture in 2015, for which this paper presented operational details and an evaluation. Methods: Enhanced surveillance conducted involved (Nursery) School Absenteeism Surveillance system ((N)SASSy), Prescription Surveillance, and Ambulance Transfer Surveillance from 30 August through 9 November. We evaluated those surveillances on all days including weekends, integrated the results as a daily report, and published it on the web. Results: We found no cluster or cases requiring more tracing and investigation except for suspected cases of rubella in (N)SASSy. Moreover, no moderate aberration was found for two consecutive days for the same area and symptom. Conclusion: Our experience with this enhanced surveillance presents important lessons for countermeasures by local governments for mass gatherings or politically important events.

我国乡村体育赛事发展经验及展望

运用文献资料、实地调研等方法,探讨我国乡村体育赛事的价值,总结其经验,并提出展望。价值:吸引群众广泛参与,形成全民健身发展热潮;激发体育消费潜力,助力乡村经济发展;搭建传统文化传承平台,丰富乡村体育赛事文化;推动办赛模式创新,提升乡村办赛能力。经验:紧密依托地方,推动赛事发展;鼓励全民参与,增强社会认同;创新传播方式,引发社会关注;融合地方特色,丰富赛事内容;多元主体合作,保障赛事开展。展望:推动办赛体制改革,构建协同化赛事保障;坚持村民共商共建,推动赛事生活化发展;加强赛事市场监管,树立规范化赛事形象;凸显地方文化内涵,打造个性化赛事IP;培养专业化人才队伍,促进赛事高质量发展。

Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on athletes,sports events,and mass gathering events:Review and recommendations

Since the coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19),which caused several respiratory diseases,was formally declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization(WHO)on March 11,2020,it affected the lifestyle and health of athletes,both directly through cardiorespiratory and other health related effects,and indirectly as the pandemic has forced the suspension,postponement,or cancellation of most professional sporting events around the world.In this review,we explore the journey of athletes throughout the pandemic and during their return to their competitive routine.We also highlight potential pitfalls during the process and summarize the recommendations for the optimal return to sport participation.We further discuss the impact of the pandemic on the psychology of athletes,the variance between the team and individual athletes,and their ability to cope with the changes.Moreover,we specifically reviewed the pandemic impact on younger professional athletes in terms of mental and fitness health.Finally,we shaded light on the various impacts of mass gathering events and recommendations for managing upcoming events.

大型体育赛事语言景观的呈现特征、建构经验与提升策略——以北京2022年冬奥会为例

基于语言景观理论,通过录像观察对北京冬奥会语言景观的呈现特征进行考察并总结建构经验,进一步提出未来打造具有中国特色的赛事语言景观的提升策略。研究认为:首先,官方景观主导、载体类型多样、模态组合多元、语码布局规范是北京冬奥会语言景观的呈现特征。其次,自信规范的语言使用、特色文化的深度结合、丰富多样的呈现形式是北京冬奥会语言景观的建构经验。最后,未来应建立健全各类赛事语言景观的标准规范,促进文化交流的理解与认同;充分挖掘办赛所在地的优秀文化,打造具有本土特色的语言景观;应用现代高科技手段,拓宽语言景观呈现的渠道与形式。