Intermittent disturbance mechanical behavior and fractional deterioration mechanical model of rock under complex true triaxial stress paths

Mechanical excavation,blasting,adjacent rockburst and fracture slip that occur during mining excavation impose dynamic loads on the rock mass,leading to further fracture of damaged surrounding rock in three-dimensional high-stress and even causing disasters.Therefore,a novel complex true triaxial static-dynamic combined loading method reflecting underground excavation damage and then frequent intermittent disturbance failure is proposed.True triaxial static compression and intermittent disturbance tests are carried out on monzogabbro.The effects of intermediate principal stress and amplitude on the strength characteristics,deformation characteristics,failure characteristics,and precursors of monzogabbro are analyzed,intermediate principal stress and amplitude increase monzogabbro strength and tensile fracture mechanism.Rapid increases in microseismic parameters during rock loading can be precursors for intermittent rock disturbance.Based on the experimental result,the new damage fractional elements and method with considering crack initiation stress and crack unstable stress as initiation and acceleration condition of intermittent disturbance irreversible deformation are proposed.A novel three-dimensional disturbance fractional deterioration model considering the intermediate principal stress effect and intermittent disturbance damage effect is established,and the model predicted results align well with the experimental results.The sensitivity of stress states and model parameters is further explored,and the intermittent disturbance behaviors at different f are predicted.This study provides valuable theoretical bases for the stability analysis of deep mining engineering under dynamic loads.

Fuzzy Model Free Adaptive Control for Rotor Blade Full-Scale Static Testing

To eliminate the node traction coupling during wind turbine blade full-scale static testing,a model free adaptive control algorithm is presented based on fuzzy control performance function compensation. Based on the universal model theory,the fuzzy model free adaptive control( FMFAC) algorithm is designed by configuring the spot static testing experiences as compensation function F( ·). Then the algorithm implementation process is provided and its quick convergence is proved. Using software to establish static load coupling model of multi-nodes,simulate and verify the validity of FMFAC algorithm,which is applied to wind turbines blade full-scale static testing. The results show that the adaptive decoupling ability of FMFAC is better. The traction of four load points can stay steady and change coordinately. Process error is not over ± 6 k N. The error rate is lower than 1% in special phase.This algorithm effectively eliminates the traction coupling of the static testing process,and makes wind turbine blade testing steadily.

Large-scale model testing of high-pressure grouting reinforcement for bedding slope with rapid-setting polyurethane

Bedding slope is a typical heterogeneous slope consisting of different soil/rock layers and is likely to slide along the weakest interface.Conventional slope protection methods for bedding slopes,such as retaining walls,stabilizing piles,and anchors,are time-consuming and labor-and energy-intensive.This study proposes an innovative polymer grout method to improve the bearing capacity and reduce the displacement of bedding slopes.A series of large-scale model tests were carried out to verify the effectiveness of polymer grout in protecting bedding slopes.Specifically,load-displacement relationships and failure patterns were analyzed for different testing slopes with various dosages of polymer.Results show the great potential of polymer grout in improving bearing capacity,reducing settlement,and protecting slopes from being crushed under shearing.The polymer-treated slopes remained structurally intact,while the untreated slope exhibited considerable damage when subjected to loads surpassing the bearing capacity.It is also found that polymer-cemented soils concentrate around the injection pipe,forming a fan-shaped sheet-like structure.This study proves the improvement of polymer grouting for bedding slope treatment and will contribute to the development of a fast method to protect bedding slopes from landslides.

3-D Modelling of the Confederation Bridge Using Data of Full Scale Tests

Long-span bridges are special structures that require advanced analysis techniques to examine their performance. This paper presents a procedure developed to model the Confederation Bridge using 3-D beam elements. The model was validated using the data collected before the opening of the bridge to the public. The bridge was instrumented to conduct fullscale static and dynamic tests. The static tests were to measure the deflection of the bridge pier while the dynamic tests to measure the free vibrations of the pier due to a sudden release of the static load. Confederation Bridge is one of the longest reinforced concrete bridges in the world. It connects the province of Prince Edward Island and the province of New Brunswick in Canada. Due to its strategic location and vital role as a transportation link between these two provinces, it was designed using higher safety factors than those for typical highway bridges. After validating the present numerical model, a procedure was developed to evaluate the performance of similar bridges subjected to traffic and seismic loads. It is of interest to note that the foundation stiffness and the modulus of elasticity of the concrete have significant effects on the structural responses of the Confederation Bridge.

Large-scale model test study on the water pressure resistance of construction joints of karst tunnel linings

Model tests and numerical calculations were adopted based on the New Yuanliangshan tunnel project to investigate the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints in high-pressure and water-rich karst tunnels.A large-scale model test was designed and conducted,innovatively transforming the external water pressure of the lining construction joint into internal water pressure.The effects of the embedded position and waterstop type on the water pressure resistance of the construction joint were analyzed,and the reliability of the model test was verified via numerical calculations.The results show that using waterstops can significantly improve the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints.The water pressure resistance of the lining construction joint is positively correlated with the lining thickness and embedded depth of the waterstop.In addition,the type of waterstop significantly influences the water pressure resistance of lining construction joints.The test results show that the water pressure resistance of the embedded transverse reinforced waterstop is similar to that of the steel plate waterstop,and both have more advantages than the rubber waterstop.The water pressure resistance of the construction joint determined via numerical calculations is similar to the model test results,indicating that the model test results have high accuracy and reliability.This study provides a reference for similar projects and has wide applications.

PPC斜拉桥主梁多状态疲劳及疲劳后静力性能试验研究

为研究大跨径部分预应力混凝土(PPC)斜拉桥主梁的抗疲劳性能,进一步探究混凝土斜拉桥主梁采用部分预应力设计的可行性及合理性,制作了斜拉桥缩尺节段模型,并对主梁采用部分预应力设计,开展4轮共4×250万次主梁具有不同初始损伤及带裂缝工作状态下的疲劳试验;疲劳试验结束后,以4种不同主梁裂缝宽度(0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm和0.5mm)为控制工序,反复加载一定倍数的等效活载至主梁裂缝宽度逐步达到0.5mm,以全面研究PPC斜拉桥主梁多状态疲劳后的受力性能。试验结果表明:在等效设计疲劳荷载作用下,主梁无初始损伤时,体系刚度基本无退化,主梁最大裂缝宽度预损伤分别为0.1mm、0.2mm时,跨中截面体系刚度下降量仅为3.35%、4.44%,且未发现裂缝张开;主梁带裂缝工作状态下,跨中截面体系刚度平缓下降7.46%,上峰值静载下,裂缝数量及高度略有增加,但卸载后裂缝均闭合,说明PPC斜拉桥具有良好的抗疲劳性能;疲劳后主梁大损伤静载试验中,主梁裂缝平稳发展,各工序反复加载过程中,主梁挠度、裂缝状态及斜拉索索力均具有较好的恢复能力,当主梁最大裂缝宽度为0.5mm时,荷载达到了7.49倍活载,斜拉桥体系仍然具有较大的剩余承载力。该文试验研究结果表明混凝土斜拉桥主梁采用部分预应力设计具有工程应用的可行性。

超高桥塔的气弹模型风洞试验及其等效静力风荷载

为研究超高桥塔的气弹模型风洞试验方法及其等效静力风荷载,根据某实际工程中的超高桥塔建立了有限元模型,进行了动力特性计算,进而设计了相应的气弹模型,并开展了风洞试验。在此基础上,开展了超高桥塔风致振动的非线性时程计算,并基于阵风荷载因子法,对比了以位移、内力和应力为单一目标的超高桥塔的等效静力风荷载。结果表明:斜风作用下的桥塔风致振动比较显著,其影响随着风速的增大而愈加明显;当风向角为75°~90°时,超高桥塔将在风速为35~50 m·s^(-1)的区间发生顺桥向的侧弯涡振,但幅值较小;基于应力的阵风荷载因子比基于位移或内力的阵风荷载因子更加稳定,这使得基于应力的等效静力风荷载要优于基于位移或内力的等效静力风荷载,比较适合于超高桥塔。

不同嵌岩深度下抗拔桩承载特性研究

以广东省江门市某工程为例,通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS,结合地勘报告及现场对桩基进行抗拔静载试验得出的荷载–位移曲线图,建立抗拔桩三维有限元模型进行数值模拟计算分析,研究不同嵌岩深度增量下抗拔桩的承载特性。研究成果表明:增加嵌岩深度可在一定程度上提高桩基抗拔承载力,但二者之间并非呈线性增长关系。当嵌岩深度增量为3D时,相较于原试桩的桩顶位移量减小54.2%,抗拔承载力提高105.2%,对桩基抗拔承载力的提高效果尤为显著。

考虑结合面特性影响的机床整机有限元静力学分析模型

针对机床数字化设计中典型结合面建模精度误差较大的问题,提出了一种采用虚拟材料等效结合面静力学特性的方法,建立了考虑结合面特性影响的机床整机有限元静力学分析模型,并完成了相应的静刚度测试实验。首先,综合考虑了弹塑性变形机制和摩擦力的影响,提出了一种新的结合面法向和切向刚度的分析模型;其次,根据不同类型结合面的特点,采用虚拟材料模拟结合面的刚度特性,建立了刚度特性与虚拟材料弹性模量和泊松比的关系,并将其应用于精密数控机床整机的静刚度分析;最后,开展了整机工艺系统的静刚度测试实验,得到了主轴末端X、Y、Z三个方向的刚度分别为26.60 N/μm、41.87 N/μm和40.17 N/μm,并将其与仿真数据进行了对比。研究结果表明:不考虑结合面影响的模型相对误差将近17%,而考虑结合面影响的模型相对误差在5%以内,验证了考虑结合面特性影响的机床整机有限元静力学分析模型的有效性;采用虚拟材料等效结合面静力学特性的方法可作为机床数字化设计的一种可行的方法。

可兼容四种March系列算法的PMBIST电路设计

存储器是系统级芯片(System on chip,SoC)中最重要的组成部分之一,也是最容易出现故障的部件。存储器故障可能会导致整个SoC失效,对存储器进行充分的测试和验证是至关重要的。目前,主流的存储器测试方法是采用存储器内建自测试(Memory build-in-self test,MBIST)技术,传统的可测性技术采用单一的测试算法进行测试,为了满足不同类型存储器的测试需求以及不同工艺制造阶段的测试强度,需要使用不同类型的测试算法进行测试。结合存储器常见的故障模型以及多种测试算法,设计了具有较高灵活性和可扩展性的可编程存储器内建自测试(Programmable memory built-in-self test,PMBIST)电路,可兼容四种不同的March系列算法进行存储器内建自测试,采用寄存器传输语言(Reigster transfer language,RTL)级代码的编写方式,针对静态随机存储器(Static random-access memory,SRAM)采用不同March系列测试算法进行仿真,并以常用的March C+算法为例进行说明。仿真结果表明,所设计的PMBIST电路可对四种不同的March算法进行测试,满足不同类型存储器的内建自测试需求。

GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土隧道管片力学性能研究

为研究GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土隧道管片的力学性能,进行了三个不同GFRP筋配筋率的钢-聚丙烯纤维混凝土管片静力受弯试验,获得了试件的破坏形态、承载力及裂缝扩展模式。考虑GFRP筋与混杂纤维混凝土的界面黏结,采用ABAQUS建立了GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土管片的有限元模型,分析了不同混杂纤维掺量和配筋率对管片受弯承载力的影响。研究结果表明:GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土管片的破坏主要是由跨中主裂缝贯穿和GFRP筋材断裂导致;在纤维体积掺量不变的情况下,提高纵向受拉GFRP筋的配筋率,可以有效提高管片的受弯承载力;在数值计算中,考虑GFRP筋与混杂纤维混凝土的界面黏结滑移的有限元模型能更准确地模拟试件的开裂荷载、极限荷载和弯曲刚度;在承载力不变的情况下,增加混杂纤维的体积分数能有效减少管片的配筋率,并且提高管片的抗变形能力;通过回归分析,提出了纤维掺量与配筋率关系的计算式,理论计算结果与数值结果符合较好。

钢企口连接的预制叠合主次梁节点受力性能试验研究

为研究采用钢企口连接的预制叠合主次梁节点受力性能,设计了一个钢企口连接的预制叠合主次梁节点试件和一个整浇主次梁节点试件,进行静力加载试验,考察两试件的破坏模式、承载力、变形能力、荷载-悬臂端挠度关系、钢筋应变和钢企口栓钉应变等。研究结果表明:钢企口连接的预制叠合次梁的裂缝主要集中在主次梁交界面、次梁固端至钢企口范围内和次梁底部,表现为次梁固端弯曲破坏;钢企口连接的预制叠合次梁的开裂荷载和屈服荷载可基本等同整浇次梁,正截面受弯承载力比整浇次梁提高约100%;梁端荷载小于80kN时,钢企口近端栓钉受压、远端栓钉受拉,梁端荷载大于80kN时,钢企口各栓钉应力突增;钢企口连接的预制叠合次梁的正截面受弯承载力实测值与《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)(2015年版)计算值的比值为109,可按规范计算值预测其正截面受弯承载力;拉-压杆模型计算得出钢企口连接的预制叠合次梁的破坏模式为拉杆破坏(受弯破坏)。

基于村镇建筑的新型沙漠砂混凝土砌块墙体的抗震性能研究

利用沙漠砂研发的蒸压加气混凝土砌块是一种新型砌体材料。为了研究这种新型砌块在村镇建筑中的应用,考虑在不同竖向压应力和构造柱的约束作用下,对4片沙漠砂蒸压加气混凝土砌块墙体开展拟静力试验,通过对比分析4片墙体在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏特性、力-位移曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化曲线及延性等性能指标。结果表明:1)墙体主要以剪切破坏为主,未设置构造柱墙体主裂缝沿约45°贯彻整个墙体,设置构造柱墙体主裂缝呈“倒八”字型,且当竖向压应力增大时,墙体的抗震承载力也随之增大,抗侧刚度有所提高,但延性随之减小;2)竖向压应力相同情况下,对比分析表明设置构造柱墙体的极限承载力约是素墙体的2.22倍,延性提高了约60%,且刚度也有所提升;3)基于主拉应力理论和库仑破坏理论分别建立了适用于该新型砌块墙体的抗震承载力计算公式,且库仑破坏理论建立的抗震承载力计算公式应用更合理;4)建立了恢复力模型骨架曲线,能够较好地反映沙漠砂蒸压加气混凝土砌块墙体的试验特点。

一种自复位摇摆墙的改进Bouc-Wen滞回模型

Bouc-Wen模型是一种可表征结构及构件刚度、强度退化等的多功能非线性光滑滞回模型,可广泛应用于各类结构滞回行为的描述。自复位摇摆墙(Self-centering rocking wall, SCRW)结构由于其优越的抗震和自复位性能,滞回曲线呈“旗帜型”。为了更好地表征这种“旗帜型”滞回特性,在Bouc-Wen模型的基础上,建立一种具有较高精度和较好实用性的改进Bouc-Wen滞回模型。改进的Bouc-Wen模型参数是决定结构滞回性能力学特征的关键。由于该模型参数众多且选择范围不明确,为适应该类模型参数高效识别的需求,通过在MATLAB/Simulink环境中搭建程序框图,实现了对该理论模型控制参数的定性及定量分析,并运用遗传算法对10个SCRW试验结果进行参数识别,对识别结果进行统计分析,建立各参数与滞回曲线关键点的关系式,基于统计结果给出了各参数的建议取值范围;最后,通过SCRW拟静力试验对改进的滞回模型和参数取值范围进行了验证。结果表明:这种单自由度改进的Bouc-Wen滞回模型能较好地反映SCRW在往复荷载作用下无残余变形和强度、刚度退化特点的“旗帜型”滞回特性。所提出的参数取值范围显著提升了改进Bouc-Wen模型的识别精度与效率,识别过程对类似模型的参数识别具有参考价值。

基于响应面法与遗传算法的梁式桥有限元模型更新

为了使自主开发的智能健康监测平台产生的海量监测数据利益最大化,在平台中添加结构分析模块,扩大平台的应用范围。针对有限元模型分析的准确性与可靠性,提出一种将响应面法和遗传算法相结合的有限元模型更新方法。首先,根据设计资料建立结构理论有限元模型并确定结构更新参数;其次,采用中心复合试验设计方法获取样本点并计算结构响应;接着,基于逐步回归分析进行显著性检验并利用最小二乘法拟合得到更新参数与特征响应之间的响应面函数关系;最后,联合结构静动力响应构造目标函数,利用遗传算法对其进行迭代优化求解,并将最优解代入理论有限元模型中,从而实现结构有限元模型更新。以简支梁为例,选择以弹性模量和截面惯性矩为更新参数,以频率和位移为结构响应,结合动静载试验结果,对其进行有限元模型更新,验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明:模型更新后的有限元模型计算分析结果与实测值的相对误差大幅度降低,且计算值更加接近于实测值。基于响应面法与遗传算法的有限元模型更新方法可以为智能健康监测平台提供更加准确的有限元模型,对损伤识别和预警评估等模块提供了便利。

型钢高强混凝土柱破坏模式与变形特征研究

开展了4根不同轴压比和箍筋间距的型钢高强混凝土(SRHC)柱的拟静力试验,分析了不同设计参数时SRHC柱的破坏模式的差异。采用有限元软件建立了SRHC柱的有限元模型,在此基础上分析了不同破坏模式时SRHC柱的变形特征以及各设计参数的影响。研究结果表明:剪跨比为3.0的SRHC柱在往复加载初期均表现为以弯曲破坏为主,但轴压比较大或箍筋间距较大的SRHC柱最终发生弯剪破坏。发生弯曲破坏的SRHC柱的滞回曲线更加饱满,骨架曲线下降段更平缓,位移延性系数和极限弹塑性位移角更大,变形能力更强。对于发生弯剪破坏的SRHC柱,轴力更大或箍筋间距更大时,滞回曲线的耗能面积更小,强度和刚度退化更明显,骨架曲线下降段更陡峭,位移延性系数和极限弹塑性位移角更小,变形能力更差。当破坏模式不同时,弯曲变形和剪切变形占总变形的比例也有所不同,发生弯剪破坏的SRHC柱的剪切变形占比较发生弯曲破坏时更大。

服役15年大跨跨海预应力混凝土梁桥荷载试验及结构性能评价

大跨预应力混凝土梁桥因其结构刚度大、行车平顺舒适、抗震性能好、施工技术成熟等优势得到广泛应用,该类桥梁在服役较长时间后,由于自然环境和超载的长期影响可能导致结构出现裂缝,并影响结构的安全承载能力,这一问题对于跨海桥梁显得尤为突出。因此,为准确评估在役跨海混凝土桥梁的实际工作状态与承载能力,通过对一座已服役15年的大跨跨海预应力混凝土梁桥进行现场静载、动载试验,并结合有限元对其振型等特性进行了分析。研究结果表明,桥梁结构的工作性能仍保持良好,但由于所处海域环境及长期服役导致的结构损伤和裂缝的影响,使其实际承载能力有所下降。研究成果可为在役同类桥梁的维修加固提供参考。

基于实测频率振型的大跨斜拉桥响应面模型修正研究

为了验证基于实测频率和振型的响应面模型修正方法的准确性与可行性,以某大跨斜拉桥为工程背景,分别进行静载试验和环境激励下的模态测试。以竖向前4阶实测频率及振型作为状态变量,选取合理的修正参数,进行中心复合试验设计;采用考虑交互项的响应面模型进行数据拟合,并计算参数R^(2)值的范围,进行精度检验;分析频率及振型的改变率,将修正后模型的挠度与实测挠度进行对比,验证该模型修正的准确性。结果表明:在参数范围内,各响应面模型的R^(2)值均接近于1,拟合精度较高;修正后模型的频率与振型均接近实测值,能准确反映桥梁的动力特性;修正后模型的挠度计算值与实测值最大误差不超过7.98%,满足工程精度要求,能够真实反映大跨斜拉桥的工作状态。研究证明了基于实测频率与振型的响应面模型修正方法对大跨斜拉桥的适用性和可行性,可为实际工程中类似桥梁的模型修正提供参考。

稻草加筋红黏土静力特性试验研究

通过静三轴试验,研究了不同的加筋率、加筋长度以及含水率条件下稻草加筋红黏土的静力特性,并采用邓肯-张模型拟合其应力-应变曲线。结果表明,掺加稻草加筋红黏土的黏聚性明显提高,但内摩擦角的改变不明显;在相同围压下,加筋土的偏应力随着加筋率和加筋长度的增加先增大后减小,且稻草加筋红黏土存在最佳加筋条件,即加筋长度为20 mm,加筋率为0.2%;邓肯-张模型的计算值与试验值拟合度较高,表明其适用于稻草加筋红黏土。