Harnessing the RNA interference pathway to advance treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma

Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common malignan- cy in the world and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Available treatment for hepatocellular carcino- ma(HCC),the commonest primary liver cancer,is rarely curative and there is a need to develop therapy that is more effective.Specific and powerful gene silencing that can be achieved by activating RNA interference(RNAi) has generated enthusiasm for exploiting this pathway for HCC therapy.Many studies have been carried out with the aim of silencing HCC-related cellular oncogenes or the hepatocarcinogenic hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV).Proof of principle studies have demonstrated promising results,and an early clinical trial assessing RNAi-based HBV therapy is currently in progress.Although the data augur well,there are several significant hurdles that need to be overcome before the goal of RNAi-based therapy for HCC is realized.Particu- larly important are the efficient and safe delivery of RNAi effecters to target malignant tissue and the limitation of unintended harmful non-specific effects.

Silencing of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression by RNA interference suppresses growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma in tumor-bearing nude mice

AIM:To explore the effect of silencing of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) expression by RNA interference(RNAi) on growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in tumor-bearing nude mice in vivo.METHODS:To construct the recombinant plasmid of pSilencer 3.0-H1-STAT3-siRNA-GFP(pSH1-siRNA-STAT3) and establish the tumor-bearing nude mouse model of the HCC cell line SMMC7721,we used intratumoral injection together with electroblotting to transfect the recombinant plasmid pSH1-siRNA-STAT3 into the transplanted tumor.The weight of the nude mice and tumor volumes were recorded.STAT3 gene transcription was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).Level of protein expression and location of STAT3 were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining.STAT3-related genes such as survivin,c-myc,VEGF,p53 and caspase3 mRNA and protein expression were detected in tumor tissues at the same time.The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay was used to detect apoptosis of tumor cells.RESULTS:The weight of the treated nude mice increased,and the tumor volume decreased markedly compared with those of the mock-treated and negative control groups(P < 0.01).The results of RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that mRNA and protein levels of STAT3 declined markedly in the treated group.The change in STAT3-related gene expression in tumor tissues at the mRNA and protein level also varied,the expression of survivin,VEGF and c-myc were obviously reduced,and expression of p53 and caspase3 increased(P < 0.01).Most of the tumor tissue cells in the treated group developed apoptosis that was detected by TUNEL assay.CONCLUSION:Silencing of STAT3 expression by RNAi significantly inhibits expression of STAT3 mRNA and protein,and suppresses growth of human HCC in tumor-bearing nude mice.The mechanism may be related to down-regulation of survivin,VEGF and c-myc and up-regulation of p53 and caspase3 expression.Accordingly,the STAT3 gene may act as an important and effective target in gene therapy of HCC.

Experimental study on siRNA expressing vector-based RNA interference targeting c-Myc in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL-7402

Objective: To explore the inhibition of the expression of c-Myc in human hepatocellular carcinoma via vector-based RNA interference (RNAi). Methods: Two RNA interference DNA templates targeting c-Myc oncogene were designed via online software and synthesized. By ligation, the fragments were inserted into pSilencer 1.0-U6 to construct the recombinant siRNA expressing plasmids. The identified recombinants were introduced into BEL-7402 cells with Lipofactamine. The inhibition of c-Myc expression, together with the expression of CDK4, hTERT and Gadd45β in c-Myc down-regulated BEL-7402 cells, were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Two recombinant plasmids pSic-myc-1 and pSic-myc-2, which direct the yields of siRNAs targeting c-Myc in cells, were constructed. Among which, pSic-myc-2 was shown to trigger a RNAi-mediated inhibition of expression of c-Myc in BEL-7402 by up to 90%. In c-Myc knockdown BEL-7402 cells, the expression of CDK4 and hTERT were down-regulated with a ratio of 85% and 57%, respectively, while the expression of Gadd45β was up-regulated by up to 110%. Conclusion: The expression of c-Myc in BEL-7402 could be suppressed by vector-based RNA interference successfully. The knockdown of c-Myc in turn resulted in the changes of expression of genes related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, our study provided a preliminary data in searching of a c-Myc-targeted RNAi therapy of human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Construction of a lentiviral vector for RNA interference of human VIM gene and its silencing effect in pancreatic cancer cells

目的将为人的活力基因的 RNA 干扰(RNAi ) 构造 lentiviral 表示向量；并且在胰腺的癌症房间线 Panc-1 估计它的基因 silencing 效果。短发卡 RNA (shRNA ) 定序的三人的活力基因用联机的可得到的一个软件和一对被设计的方法来自文件。在合成以后并且退火，四双 stranded oligonucleotides (dsOligo ) 被克隆进 pGCL-GFP/U6 原生质标志，它被聚合酶链反应(PCR ) 和 DNA 定序分析随后证实。实时 PCR 并且西方弄污被用来在 293T 房间屏蔽有效 pGCL-GFP-shRNA 原生质标志，然后，最有效的被挤进有包装材料 pHelper 的 lentiviral 的 recombinant lentivirus Lv-VIM-shRNA 1.0 并且 pHelper 2.0 在 293T 房间。lentivirus 的 titer 被 hole-by-dilution titer 试金决定。在 Panc-1 房间的 Lv-VIM-shRNA 的 silencing 效果被即时 PCR 验证并且西方弄污。结果有效 Lv-VIM-shRNA 成功地被构造。lentivirus 的 titer 在 2 ×上被决定 10 9 TU/mL。活力 mRNA 和 vimentin 的表情是在感染 Lv-VIM-shRNA 的 Panc-1 房间的 down-regluated。有效 Lv-VIM-shRNA 能在 vitro 在 Panc-1 房间禁止活力基因的表示的结论，它为在发信号的小径调查活力基因的角色提供一个工具在胰腺的癌症和寻找的新治疗学的目标的 tumorigenesis 和前进包含了。

INFLUENCE OF p53 SMALL DOUBLE STRANDED RNA INTERFERENCE ON HEPATOMA CELL LINE SK-HEP-1

Objective: The effects on cell-cycle and p53 expression in hepatoma cell line SK-Hep-1 were explored by transfecting exogenous p53 small double stranded RNA (dsRNA) into the SK-Hep-1 cells. Methods: p53 dsRNA and EGFP dsRNA were synthesized. SK-Hep-1 (wtp53) cell line was transfected with 200 ng and 400 ng p53 dsRNA or EGFP and EGFP+EGFP dsRNA (as positive control) or 9% NaCl (as blank control) by liposome transfection technique. Flow cytometry was adopted to measure the effects of p53 dsRNA on cell cycle. Expression of p53 protein was detected by Western-Blotting at 48 h after transfecting p53 dsRNA. Results: The number of G0-G1 phase SK-Hep-1 cells, which were transfected with 200 ng p53 dsRNA, was decreased by 52.53% comparing with the control, and decreased by 50.29% (P<0.05) comparing with the positive control cells transfected with same dosage of EGFP+EGFP dsRNA. The number of S phase cells, which were transfected with 200 ng p53 dsRNA, was increased by 146.8% comparing with the control, and increased by 128.62% (P<0.05) comparing with the positive control cells transfected with same dosage of EGFP+EGFP dsRNA. The number of G2-M phase cells, which were transfected with 200 ng p53 dsRNA, was increased by 30.56% (P<0.05) comparing with the control, and increased by 21.63% (P>0.05) comparing with the positive control cells transfected with same dosage of EGFP+EGFP dsRNA. After 48 h, p53 protein expression was not detected in the SK-Hep-1 cells transfected with p53 dsRNA. Conclusion: p53 dsRNA can obviously improve the proliferation of SK-Hep-1 cells, and suppress p53 protein expression of SK-Hep-1 cells, the former may be related to of the latter.

EGFR siRNA序列的筛选及其对HepG2细胞活性的影响

目的构建EGFR shRNA重组真核表达载体,并筛选抑制效果最好的EGFR shRNA序列。方法应用在线工具设计人EGFR siRNA序列,采用限制性内切酶BamHI和HindIII切割真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1(+),构建三种人EGFR的siRNA干扰序列载体(psilencer 4.1-CMV neo-EGFR siRNA)。将重组质粒载体转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态并筛选阳性克隆,通过DNA测序鉴定重组质粒。应用脂质体lipo2000将三种人EGFR siRNA干扰序列载体转染到HepG2细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察转染效率,实时定量PCR检测EGFR mRNA表达水平,MTT法检测细胞活性。结果Psilencer 4.1-CMV neo-EGFR siRNA重组质粒被成功克隆。EGFR shRNA-1、EGFR shRNA-2和EGFR shRNA-3敲低EGFR mRNA的效率分别是80%、60%和70%以上。shRNA-2和shRNA-3使细胞活性分别下降50%(P<0.05),但shRNA-1对细胞活性无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论重组psilencer 4.1-CMV neo-EGFR siRNA质粒可下调肝癌细胞株EGFR表达水平和细胞活性。EGFR shRNA-3较EGFR shRNA-1和shRNA-2对HepG2细胞的抑制作用更显著。

Down-regulation of lung resistance related protein by RNA interference targeting survivin induces the reversal of chemoresistances in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background Both survivin and lung resistance related protein （LRP） are hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. But the relationship between survivin and LRP is investigate the effects of down-regulation of survivin on LRP expressions and the both in vitro and in vivo. related to the chemoresistances in ndefinite. The aim of this study was to reversal of chemoresistances in HCC Methods The expressions of survivin were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting in HCC cell line SMMC-7721 and SMMC-7721/ADM. The sensitivities of these two cell lines to ADM were evaluated by MTT assays. SiRNA which targeted survivin was transfected into SMMC-7721/ADM cells, then the sensitivity of SMMC-7721/ADM cells to ADM and the expressions of survivin and LRP were detected respectively. SMMC-7721/ADM cells were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to establish xenograft tumors. Antitumor activities of RNA interference （RNAi） targeting survivin, various doses of ADM and combination therapies were observed respectively. Possible toxicities were evaluated. LRP expression changes were tested. Student＇s ttest was used for evaluating statistical significance. Results The expressions of survivin in SMMC-7721/ADM cell line showed significant elevation compared to those in SMMC-7721 cell line （P 〈0.05）. Positive siRNA down-regulated the expressions of survivin significantly （P 〈0.05）. SiRNA targeting survivin could sensitize SMMC-7721/ADM cells to ADM and down-regulate the expressions of LRP significantly （P 〈0.05）. Growths of the tumors were significantly inhibited in positive siRNA group as compared with those in the control group from the 8th day （P 〈0.05）. Combination therapies caused significant tumor inhibitions compared with tumors of nude mice in the other three groups respectively （P 〈0.05）. No toxicities were found in nude mice treated by siRNA and combination therapies. The expressions of LRP were markedly reduced in tumors treated with siRNA targeting survivin （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Down regulation of survivin gene by RNAi can increase chemosensitivity of HCC both in vitro and in vivo. The reversal of drug resistance may be reduced through the inhibitions of LRP.

Effects of siRNA specific to the protein kinase CK2α on apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cells

Background The relationship between apoptosis and tumors is a major focus in cancer research. RNA interference （RNAi） technology has emerged as a very potent tool to generate cellular knockdown phenotypes of a desired gene. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of siRNA specific to the protein casein kinase 2α （CK2α） on apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cells and to explore possible mechanisms.Methods An siRNA expression plasmid specific to CK2α, psiRNA-hH1neo-CK2α, and a non-specific siRNA expression plasmid, psiRNA-hH1neo-cont, were constructed and transfected into Hep-2 cells by a lipofectamine method. The mRNA and protein levels of CK2α in transfected cells were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blotting analysis. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate （FITC）/ propidium iodide （PI） double-staining methods. The morphological changes to Hep-2 cells were observed under transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were measured by Western blotting analysis.Results Levels of CK2α mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in the psiRNA-hH1neo-CK2α group compared to the other groups （P 〈0.05）. The apoptotic rate of the psiRNA-hH1neo-CK2α transfected group was significantly higher compared to that in the untransfected group and the siRNA-hH1neo-cont transfected group （25.66%±0.83%, 3.66%±0.43%, and 5.18%±0.22%） （P 〈0.05）. Compared with the untransfected group and the siRNA-hH1neo-cont transfected group, the psiRNA-hH1neo-CK2α transfected group presented with classical ultrastructural features of apoptosis, such as karyopyknosis, chromatic agglutination adjacent to the nuclear membrane, and apoptotic bodies. Compared with the other two groups, the level of Bcl-2 protein in the psiRNA-hH1neo-CK2α transfected group was decreased （0.20±0.09 vs. 0.72±0.16, 0.56±0.11, P 〈0.01）, while the Bax protein level was increased （0.81±0.17 vs. 0.26±0.12, 0.33±0.17, P 〈0.01） and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was decreased （0.25±0.05 vs. 2.76±0.21, 1.70±0.22, P 〈0.01）.Conclusions The siRNA expression plasmid specific to CK2α could suppress CK2α expression and induce the apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cells. This is possibly by decreasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. CK2α may provide a potential therapeutic target against human laryngeal carcinoma.

Knockdown of survivin gene expression by RNAi induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721

AIM: To investigate the survivin gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 and the effects of survivin gene RNA interference (RNAi) on cell apoptosis and biological behaviors of SMMC-7721 cells.METHODS: Eukaryotic expression vector of survivin gene RNAi and recombinant plasmid pSuppressorNeo-survivin (pSuNeo-SW), were constructed by ligating into the vector,pSupperssorNeo (pSuNeo) digested with restriction enzymes Xba I and Sa/I and the designed double-chain RNAi primers. A cell model of SMMC-7721 after treatment with RNAi was prepared by transfecting SMMC-7721 cells with the lipofectin transfection method. Strept-avidinbiotin-complex (SABC) immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR were used to detect survivin gene expressions in SMMC-7721 cells. Flow cytometry was used for the cell cycle analysis. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to determine whether RNAi induced cell apoptosis, and the method of measuring the cell growth curve was utilized to study the growth of SMMC-7721 cells before and after treatment with RNAi.RESULTS: The eukaryotic expression vector of survivin gene RNAi and pSuNeo-SW, were constructed successfully. The expression level of survivin gene in SMMC-7721 cells was observed. After the treatment of RNAi, the expression of survivin gene in SMMC-7721 cells was almost absent,apoptosis index was increased by 15.6%, and the number of cells was decreased in G2/M phase and the cell growth was inhibited.CONCLUSION: RNAi can exert a knockdown of survivin gene expression in SMMC-7721 cells, and induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of carcinoma cells.

Downregulation of survivin by RNAi inhibits growth of human gastric carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of a specific small survivin interfering RNA (siRNA) on cell proliferation and the expression of survivin in human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901. METHODS: To knockdown survivin expression, a small interfering RNA targeting against survivin was synthesized and transfected into SGC-7901 cells with lipofectamineTM2000. The downregulation of survivin expression at both mRNA and protein levels were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation inhibition rates were determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The effect of survivin siRNA on cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: RNA interference could efficiently suppress the survivin expression in SGC-7901 cells. At 48 h after transfection, the expression inhibition rate was 44.52% at mRNA level detected by RT-PCR and 40.17% at protein level by Western blot analysis. Downregulation of survivin resulted in significant inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro. The cell proliferation inhibition rates at 24, 48 and 72 h after survivin siRNA and non-siliencing siRNA transfection, were 34.06%, 47.61% and 40.36%, respectively. The apoptosis rate was 3.56% and the number of cells was increased in G0/G1 phase from 38.2% to 88.6%, and decreased in S and G2/M phase at 48 h after transfection. CONCLUSION: Downregulation of survivin results in significant inhibition of tumor growth in vitro. The inhibition of survivin expression can induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. The use of survivin siRNA deserves further investigation as a novel approach to cancer therapy.

RNAi knockdown of C-erbB2 expression inhibits salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma SACC-83 cell growthin vitro

Objective：To knockdown the C-erbB2 gene in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma SACC-83 cells using RNA interference,and determine the effect of silencing C-erbB2 on cell proliferation.Methods：C-erbB2-siRNA was transfected into SACC-83 cells.RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect C-erbB2 expression in SACC-83 cells.Cell proliferation was measured by the MTT assay and gene knockdown was achieved by RNA interference.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results：Compared with the control,C-erbB2 mRNA expression was decreased in the C-erbB2-siRNA transfection group,and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that C-erbB2 protein expression was decreased.After C-erbB2-siRNA was transfected for 48 h,absorbance at 570 nm （MTT）was 0.185±0.021 compared with 0.354±0.034,0.299±0.053,and 0.314±0.049 in the blank control,liposome control and negative control siRNA groups,respectively.The differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）between the C-erbB2-siRNA group and the control groups.Following the C-erbB2 knockdown,the percentage of apoptotic cells was 5.63%compared with 2.04%,2.85%,and 2.98%in the three control groups,respectively.Proliferation of SACC-83 cells was inhibited,and early apoptotic cells were increased.Conclusion： RNA interference can effectively silence C-erbB2 gene expression and inhibit growth of SACC-83 cells,which indicates the potential of targeting this gene as a novel gene therapy approach for the treatment of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Effect of siRNA on Wisp-1 gene expression,proliferation,migration and adhesion of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Objective:To study the inhibition effect of siRNA on the expression of Wisp-1 gene in Hca-F of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells strain and also its effect on the proliferation,migration and adhesion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods:Three expression vectors of siRNA were constructed.Lipo2000 was employed to transfect Hca-F cells and Western blot was used to detect the inhibition effect of siRNA on the expression of Wisp-1 gene.Afterwards,CCK8 was adopted to detect the effect of Wisp-1 siRNA on the proliferation of Hca-F cells;Annexin V-FTTC/PI double staining flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of Wisp-1 siRNA on the apoptosis of Hca-F cells;Transwell was used to detect the effect of Wisp-1 siRNA on the migration of Hca-F cells.The in vitro cell adhesion kit was used to detect of Wisp-1 siRNA on the change in the components of extracellular matrix to which Hca-F cells adhered.Western blot was used to detect the activation of protein kinase B(AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3(3pathway and the expression of downstream target protein p53 and matrix metal!oproteinases-2.Results:The siRNA showed interference effect on the expression of Wisp-1 gene.Compared with the control group,after being transfected to cells,Wisp-1 siRNA could significantly inhibit the proliferation,migration and adhesion of Hca-F cells and also promote the cell apoptosis,which was related to the down-regulated phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3β and the expression of p53 and matrix metalIoproteinases-2(P<0.05).Conclusions:The inhibition of Wisp-1 expression can reduce the proliferation,migration and adhesion of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells,which is related to the AKT/ glycogen synthase kinase-3 β pathway.Wisp-1 gene may be the potential target to cure the hepatocellular carcinoma.

RNA interference of pax2 inhibits growth of transplanted human endometrial cancer cells in nude mice

The development of human endometrial carcinoma(HEC) is a complex pathologic process involves several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.The full-length paired-box gene 2(pax2),a recently discovered oncogene,promotes cell proliferation and growth and inhibits apoptosis of HEC cells.Here,we examined the effect of pax2 small interfering RNA(siRNA) on the growth of transplanted HEC cells in nude mice.The expression of Pax2 in 21 cases of normal endometrium and 38 cases of HEC was examined by immohistochemistry(IHC).HEC models were developed by subcutaneously transferring HEC cells into nude mice,followed by treatment with empty lentivirus vector,lentivirus vector-based pax2 siRNA,and phosphate buffered saline,respectively.Four weeks later,tumor size was measured,tumor inhibition rate was calculated,and histological analyses were conducted after staining with hematoxylin and eosin.The expression of Pax2 and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot;proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) was detected by IHC.Significant differences were observed in the positive rate of Pax2 between normal endometrium and HEC(14.2% vs.60.5%,P<0.01).The expression index of Pax2 in well differentiated tumors was 1.88±1.68,much lower than that in tumors of moderate(3.07±1.96,P<0.05) or poor differentiation(5.45±2.76,P<0.01).Tumor necrosis increased,nuclear basophilia stain decreased,tumor growth was inhibited,and PCNA,Pax2,and Bcl-2 expression was reduced in HEC models treated with pax2 siRNA.These results indicate that Pax2 expression is related to HEC tumor biology with the increased expression of Pax2 correlated to malignancy.pax2 siRNA down-regulates Pax2 expression and inhibits tumorigenesis of HEC in nude mice,possibly due to cell apoptosis and the inhibition of tumor proliferation induced by down-regulation of Bcl-2.

EGFR shRNA联合雷帕霉素对Colo-16细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响

目的:明确表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)shRNA联合雷帕霉素(RAPA)对皮肤鳞癌Colo-16细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,并对其可能机制进行初步探究。方法:Colo-16细胞分为5组:正常细胞组(Colo-16细胞+磷酸盐缓冲液PBS)、阴性对照组(转染shRNA-NC质粒的Colo-16细胞+PBS)、EGFR shRNA组(转染EGFR shRNA质粒的Colo-16细胞+PBS)、RAPA组(Colo-16细胞+RAPA)、联合组(转染EGFR shRNA质粒的Colo-16细胞+RAPA)。采用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)和克隆形成实验测定细胞增殖能力;划痕实验和Transwell法检测细胞迁移和侵袭情况,采用Western blot、RT-PCR检测增殖、侵袭相关基因Ki-67、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白和mRNA水平表达。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两多重比较采用SNK-q检验。结果:EGFR shRNA组、RAPA组及联合组Colo-16细胞吸光度A值、细胞克隆形成率、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数目、Ki-67、MMP-2、MM-P9等基因蛋白和mRNA表达显著低于正常细胞组与阴性对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且联合的效果更加明显。正常细胞组与阴性对照组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:EGFR shRNA联合雷帕霉素在抑制Colo-16细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭方面有协同增效的作用,其机制可能与EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的双重抑制作用相关。

RNA干扰抑制CD147表达对宫颈癌细胞增殖、转移和侵袭能力的影响

目的:探讨RNA干扰(RNAi)对宫颈癌组织CD147表达及对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法:选取2016年2月至2019年2月济南市第二妇幼保健院病理组织室110份宫颈组织,包括20例正常宫颈上皮组织和90例宫颈癌组织(30例原位宫颈癌组织和60例鳞状宫颈癌组织),免疫组化检测CD147表达。分析CD147表达与宫颈癌患者临床病理参数的相关性。以GFP-shRNA-CD147-NC和GFP-shRNA-CD147分别转染对照组和实验组细胞,另取空白细胞作为正常组。EdU标记实验检测细胞增殖;Transwell检测细胞迁移和侵袭;裸鼠成瘤模型检测细胞体内生长与转移能力;Western blot检测细胞单羧酸转运蛋白1(MCT1)、CD147蛋白表达。结果:与正常宫颈组织相比,原位宫颈癌组织中CD147阳性表达比例明显升高,与原位宫颈癌组织相比,鳞状宫颈癌组织中CD147阳性表达比例明显升高(P<0.05);CD147表达与宫颈癌患者肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴转移关系密切(均P<0.05);与正常组细胞相比,实验组细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭及体内生长和转移能力、MCT1、CD147蛋白表达明显下调(均P<0.05)。结论:宫颈癌组织中CD147表达升高,抑制CD147表达可明显抑制肿瘤细胞体内外增殖、侵袭和转移。

Inhibition of Ku80 by RNAi enhances the radiosensitivity of cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa

Objective: To study the radiosensitivity of SiHa cells with Ku80 inhibition by RNAi. Methods: pKu80-siRNA and pNeg-siRNA were constructed and then transfected into SiHa cells. Western blot and RT-PCR were applied to measure the expression of Ku80. After 10 Gy irradiation with 6 MV X-ray, cells were harvested at 20 h, 28 h and 48 h, and analyzed by flow cytometry for apoptosis rate. The SF2 and α, β values of cells were acquired by clone formation array. Results: Two stable transfection cell clones SiHa/Ku80-siRNA and SiHa/Neg-siRNA were screened from the pKu80-siRNA and pNeg-siRNA transfected cells. Western blot and RT-PCR indicated that the expression of Ku80 was suppressed by the Ku80-siRNA. The apoptosis rates of SiHa/Ku80-siRNA were higher than control cells at 28 h and 48 h after X-ray irradiation (P < 0.05). The SF2 value of SiHa/Ku80-siRNA (0.422) was lower than that of SiHa/Neg-siRNA cells (0.587) or untransfected cells (0.583), and the α value of SiHa/Ku80-siRNA was 0.295 ± 0.016, higher than that of SiHa/Neg-siRNA (0.176 ± 0.010) or control cells (0.188 ± 0.011). Conclusion: Inhibition of Ku80 could enhance the radiosensitivity of SiHa, which showed that Ku80 could be a good target for molecular therapy.

The Effect of Survivin siRNA on Apoptosis, Proliferation and Invasion by a Colon Carcinoma Cell Line

OBJECTIVE To study the efficiency of silencing survivin gene expression by an anti-survivin small RNA expression plasmid and to examine its impact on apoptosis, proliferation and invasive ability of the SW480 colorec-tal cancer cell line. METHODS An expression plasmid of survivin siRNA (pRNAT/sur-siR-NA) was constructed and transduced into SW480 cells. Western blot analysis and a semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to measure the change in expression level of the survivin protein and mRNA after transduction of the expression plasmid into the SW480. Apoptosis, proliferation, and invasive ability of the SW480 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, MTT assay and Boy-den Chamber Assay, respectively. RESULTS The expression plasmid (pRNAT/sur-siRNA) against survivin down-regulated survivin protein and mRNA expression dramatically, with a down-regulation of 85% and 80%, respectively. After transfection of the pRNAT/sur-siRNA to the SW480 cells, the apoptotic rate of the pRNAT/ sur-siRNA/SW480 cells was 16.9%, and the proliferation rate was 37.4%, significantly different compared to the controls (P<0.01). Cell invasive studies (Boyden Chamber Assay) showed that number of cells penetrating the membrane for the pRNAT/sur-siRNA/SW480, pRNAT/SW480 and the SW480 cells was 153±66, 505±65 and 578±98, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSION siRNA against survivin can significantly inhibit the expression of survivin in SW480 cells, and thus promote apoptosis, inhibit proliferation and invasive ability.

一链双靶siRNA对皮肤鳞状细胞癌NET-1和Survivin基因表达及增殖和凋亡的影响研究

目的:探讨一链双靶siRNA对人皮肤鳞癌细胞株(A431)NET-1和Survivin基因的抑制作用以及对细胞增殖、凋亡的影响。方法:构建siRNA NET-1、siRNA Survivin以及同时靶向NET-1和Survivin基因的一链双靶siRNA。采用免疫共沉淀法检测NET-1和Survivin蛋白在A431人皮肤鳞癌细胞中的相互作用。将A431细胞分为siRNA-NET-1组、siRNA-Survivin组、siRNA-NET-1&Survivin组、siRNA-NC组和control组,分别进行细胞转染。qRT-PCR和Western Blot法分别检测细胞内NET-1、Survivin mRNA和蛋白表达,细胞免疫荧光法观察NET-1、Survivin蛋白在细胞内的表达及定位。CCK-8法和流式细胞仪分别检测细胞增殖与凋亡情况。结果:免疫共沉淀法证实NET-1和Survivin蛋白有相互作用。qRT-PCR和Western Blot结果显示,siRNA-NET-1&Survivin组、siRNA-NET-1组和siRNA-Survivin组细胞中NET-1和Survivin mRNA和蛋白表达水平均低于siRNA-NC组及control组,siRNA-NET-1&Survivin组低于siRNA-NET-1组和siRNA-Survivin组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CCK-8法检测显示,siRNA-NET-1&Survivin组、siRNA-NET-1组和siRNA-Survivin组细胞增殖水平低于siRNA-NC组和control组,siRNA-NET-1&Survivin组低于siRNA-NET-1组和siRNA-Survivin组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。流式细胞仪检测显示,siRNA-NET-1&Survivin组、siRNA-NET-1组和siRNA-Survivin组细胞凋亡率高于siRNA-NC组和control组,siRNA-NET-1&Survivin组高于siRNA-NET-1组和siRNA-Survivin组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。细胞免疫荧光显示,siRNA-NET-1&Survivin组、siRNA-NET-1组和siRNA-Survivin组NET-1和Survivin蛋白表达阳性细胞百分率低于control组,siRNA-NET-1&Survivin组低于siRNA-NET-1和siRNA-Survivin组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:NET-1和Survivin蛋白存在相互作用,靶向NET-1和Survivin的一链双靶siRNA能同时下调A431细胞NET-1和Survivin基因表达,并能抑制A431细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,一链双靶siRNA作用效果优于单靶siRNA。

SNORA73B高表达对喉鳞癌干细胞样特征的影响

目的:以小核仁RNA73B(small nucleolar RNA 73B,SNORA73B)在喉鳞癌(laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, LSCC)中高表达及其临床意义为切入点,探讨SNORA73B可能通过维持干细胞特征,从而促进LSCC细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。方法:qPCR检测LSCC组织和细胞中SNORA73B的表达情况;体外培养细胞,MTS、划痕愈合、Transwell实验分别检测SNORA73B敲低或过表达对细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响;肿瘤细胞球形成实验,检测SNORA73B对LSCC细胞干性样特征的影响。结果:qPCR检测结果显示,SNORA73B在LSCC组织和细胞中表达显著高于相应癌旁组织和细胞对照组(均P<0.05),且与患者病理分级、淋巴结转移和不良预后有关(P<0.05)。过表达SNORA73B的Tu177细胞增殖、划痕愈合、迁移和侵袭能力明显增强(均P<0.05);而干扰SNORA73B后细胞增殖、划痕愈合、迁移和侵袭能力明显降低(均P<0.05)。在诱导LSCC干细胞样特性的喉癌球细胞形成后,肿瘤干细胞标志物OCT4、SOX2蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05),SNORA73B表达显著升高(P<0.05);干扰SNORA73B,细胞球形成数明显减少(P<0.05),OCT4和SOX2 mRNA(P<0.05)和蛋白表达明显降低。结论:SNORA73B高表达可能与LSCC的发生和恶性进展有关,可能介导LSCC细胞的干性样特征促进肿瘤细胞的增殖和迁移。

RNA干扰技术靶向hTERT基因治疗肝癌的实验研究

背景与目的:RNA干扰(RNAinterference,RNAi)是由双链RNA介导的、在转录后mRNA水平关闭相应基因表达的新基因阻断技术,在基因功能研究、基因治疗方面已显示出巨大的前景。目前,利用RNAi已抑制了包括cyclophilin、GAPDH、p53、c-myc在内的多个内源基因的表达。同时在艾滋病、病毒性肝炎等的治疗研究中也已取得一定进展。但对肝癌等恶性肿瘤中高表达的hTERT基因,国内外还未见相关研究报道。本研究利用RNAi技术,在体内外抑制hTERT基因表达,探讨RNAi对肝癌治疗的可行性。方法:设计干扰hTERT基因的小片段RNA,构建重组表达质粒pTZU6+1-shRNA-hTERT并导入肝癌SMMC7721细胞株和裸鼠移植瘤,在体内外诱导RNAi,采用流式细胞检测技术、RT-PCR法、免疫组化等同时检测RNAi治疗组和对照组hTERT基因表达及细胞增殖变化。结果:体外细胞实验显示,重组质粒pTZU6+1-shRNA-hTERT导入肝癌SMMC7721细胞株3～7天后,肝癌细胞生长抑制率达37.5%;细胞周期相分布发生显著变化,S期细胞明显减少,G1/G0期细胞显著增加;hTERT的mRNA表达由99.4%下调到53.1%,hTERT蛋白表达由86.3%下调到46.6%。裸鼠体内实验结果显示,质粒pTZU6+1-shRNA-hTERT注射裸鼠皮下移植瘤7天后,瘤体积明显缩小,hTERT的mRNA表达由99.1%下调到76.2%,hTERT蛋白表达由87.2%