Laser Quenching and Ion Sulphidizing Complex Surface Treat Technology for Diesel Engine Cylinder

In order to solve the problem of wear-out-failure of diesel engine cylinder, the laser-quenching and low temperature ion sulfurizing complex surface treatment technology was operated on the surface of 42MnCr52 steel. And the tribological properties of the complex layer were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the complex layer was composed of soft surface sulphide layer and sub-surface laser- quenching harden layer, and showed excellent friction-reduction and wear-resistance performance at high temperature. The synergistic effect of the complex layer resulted in 20% increase in hardness, 10% reduction in friction coefficient and 50% reduction in wear weight loss, respectively, compared with those of the standard samples. The bench-test further demonstrated that this technology can improve the lubricating condition between cylinder and piston ring, and reduce both abnormity wear when the lubricating oil is deficiency at the time of start-up and sticking wear at high temperature during the operating period, and then prolong the service life of engine.

Superplastic solid state welding of steel and copper alloy based on laser quenching of steel surface

Based on the feasibility of isothermal superplastic solid state welding of steel and copper alloy, the welded surface of steel surface was ultra-fined through laser quenching, and then the welding process tests between different base metals of 40Cr and QCr0.5 were made under the condition of non vacuum and non shield gas. The experimental results show that, with the sample surface of steel after laser quenching and that of copper alloy carefully cleaned, and under the pre-pressed stress of 56.684.9 MPa, at the welding temperature of 750800 ℃ and at initial strain rate of （2.57.5）×10-4 s-1, the solid state welding can be finished in 120180 s so that the strength of the joint is up to that of QCr0.5 base metal and the expansion rate of the joint does not exceed 6%. The plastic deformation of the joint was further analysed. The superplastic deformation of the copper alloy occurs in welding process and the deformation of steel are little.

Finite Differential Method Simulation on Temperature Field in Process of Laser Quenching

Laser Quenching is one of main contents in laser heat treatment. At present, computer simulation on cooling course of laser quenching is the main research field and the foundation of calculating inner thermal stresses in object. It also provides theoretical basis for optimizing and controlling the course of laser quenching technology. In this paper, the difference between finite element method and finite differential method, which are two methods to calculate the laser quenching temperature field and calculation precision are studied. The unstable temperature field is solved and the configure and time are discretizcd simultaneously. About time discrete, two kinds of differential pattern are discussed. Compared the calculation results with measurement values, it shows that the differential method adopting in the paper is feasible and the calculation precision and calculation velocity can be increased to use variable step-size about time. Also, the result testifies that different calculation methods can be employed in case of variable application situation and calculation precision.

Computer Prediction on Stress Distribution During Laser Quenching

In practice of industry, the problems coupled by thermal and stress can be usually met. Laser quenching process is one of them, in which the phase transformation must be considered. Setting up a system of proper mathematical models and numerical analysis is important to discuss the course quantitatively. In our research, based on laser quenching temperature control equation, applying thermal elastoplastic constitute equation coupled with phase transformation, the stress distribution of laser quenching has been calculated. Using the material parameters, which are varied with temperature, the transient stresses and residual stresses of laser quenching of 45" steel semi-infinite plate has been predicted, the data coincide the experimental.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FRETTING WEAR OF TITANIUM ALLOY BEFORE AND AFTER LASER BEAM QUENCHING

The effects of amplitudes, normal loads and laser beam quenching on the fretting wear of titanium alloy (TC11) were experimentally investigated on SRV fretting wear test machine in air, at room temperature and without lubrication conditions. The purpose of this study is to learn the rules of fretting wear in a disk blades dovetail joint of an aircraft turbine so the test parameters are determined based on the relative movement and load in the joint. The wear depths are measured by a profilometer, the worn areas are observed and measured by an optical microscopy, and the microtopography of the worn scar is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) .The tests and observations state clearly that fretting wear rate (FWR) is heavily influenced by sliding amplitude(SA) and load. In this experiment, if SA is greater than 60 μm at Hertz contact stress 105 MPa, the FWR is much higher, and the SEM makes it known that the wear mechanism is the combination of adhesive and contact fatigue in the above test conditions. In contrast, if SA smaller, the FWR lower too, and the SEM suggests that the major wear mechanism is contact fatigue. The experiments also reveal that the laser beam quenching greatly improve the fretting wear resistance of titanium alloy, especially at heavy load and large amplitude.

Microstructure and properties of nitrided layer of titanium plate,produced by simultaneous laser quenching and liquid-nitrogen cryogenics

In the present study, titanium plate was treated by a novel method of laser quenching, simultaneously combined with liquidnitrogen cryogenics(LQLNC). The microstructure and properties of the titanium plate after treatment were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, Vickers hardness testing, and friction wear testing.The results show that the treated titanium plate is covered by a nitrided layer with a homogeneous thickness of about 60 μm,while the nitrided layer consists of Ti N and α-Ti phases. Compared to general laser quenching, the LQLNC treatment increases the hardness and wear resistance of the surface-modified layer of the titanium plate. As a result of grain refinement in the nitrided layer, the cracking induced by the rapid solidification of the conventional laser-quenching process has also been effectively solved.

Laser Beam Welding of 600 MPa Quenched and Tempered High-Strength Steel

Conventional fusion arc welding of high-strength quenched and tempered steel can be improved through the use of non-conventional laser beam welding. This article presents the investigations of autogenous bead on plate and butt CO2 Laser Welding (LW) of 7 mm thick high-strength quenched and tempered low alloy SM570 (JIS) steel plates. The influence of laser welding parameters, mainly welding speed, defocusing distance and shielding gas flow rate on the weld profile, i.e., weld zone penetration depth and width, microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints was determined. All welded joints showed smooth and uniform weld beads free from superficial porosity and undercuts. The selected best welding conditions were a laser power of 5.0 kW, welding speed of 500 mm/min, argon gas shielding flow rate of 30 L/min and a defocusing distance of -0.5 mm. It was observed that these conditions gave complete penetration and minimized the width of the weld bead. The microstructure of the welded joints was evaluated by light optical microscopy. The weld metal (WM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) near weld metal achieved maximum hardness (355 HV). The tensile fractured samples showed the ductile mode of failure and ultimate tensile strength of 580 MPa.

MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION MICROSTRUCTURE OF 40Cr STEEL COMPLEXLY INDUCED BY LASER SHOCK

40Cr steel is laser quenched by the NEL-2500A rapidly axial flow CO2 laser. Then the martensite induced by laser quenched is shocked by Nd：YAG laser again. Through comparing and analyzing the appearance and size of martensite, the dislocation density in microstmcture between the treated zones by laser quenched and by laser quenched plus laser shock, the following results are shown： The second martensite obtained by laser compound treatment is more fmer compared with those obtained by laser quenched; In the hardened zones obtained by compound treatment, a lot of slender second twin crystal martensites are induced; A lot of more high density dislocation tangles and cellular dislocations are generated. From the transmission electron microscope （TEM） micrograph after compound treatment, there are not only long lath and short nubbly martensites arranged in cross direction, but also massive nubbly and small short nubbly martensites arranged in longitudinal direction. Some martensites look like the broken blocks of quenched martensites. These new martensites are inserted transversely in the quenched martensites with large tangle. And they make quenched martensites break into pieces. Compared with the quenched martensites, the size of fresh martensites are smaller, about 0.3-0.5 μm.

Optimization of the gain in Yb^(3+)-doped cubic laser crystals of 99.99% purity

This was an outlook on the prediction of the infrared laser potentiality from concentration dependences of the 2F5/2 experimental decay time in Yb3＋-doped solid-state crystals mainly on cubic crystals with 99.99% purity which could be extended to laser ceramics of the same composition.

Numerical analysis of quantitative measurement of hydroxyl radical concentration using laser-induced fluorescence in flame

The aim of the present work is to quantitatively measure the hydroxyl radical concentration by using LIF（laserinduced fluorescence） in flame.The detailed physical models of spectral absorption lineshape broadening,collisional transition and quenching at elevated pressure are built.The fine energy level structure of the OH molecule is illustrated to understand the process with laser-induced fluorescence emission and others in the case without radiation,which include collisional quenching,rotational energy transfer（RET）,and vibrational energy transfer（VET）.Based on these,some numerical results are achieved by simulations in order to evaluate the fluorescence yield at elevated pressure.These results are useful for understanding the real physical processes in OH-LIF technique and finding a way to calibrate the signal for quantitative measurement of OH concentration in a practical combustor.

Excited State Interaction of Laser Dyes and Silver Nanoparticles in Different Media

Quenching the fluorescence of the dyes 3-(4’-dimethylaminophenyl)-1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (DMAPrP), 3- (4’-dimethylaminophenyl)-1-(2-furanyl)prop-2-en-1-one (DMAFP) and 3-(4’-dimethylaminophenyl)-1-(2-thienyl)prop- 2-en-1-one (DMATP) has been investigated in the presence of silver cation and silver nanoparticles in different media. The results of the quenching experiments were analyzed using Stern-Volmer equation. Quenching the fluorescence of the dyes decreased with increasing medium viscosity. The Stern-Volmer constant (KSV) values in the absence and presence of ethylene glycol show that the quenching efficiencies decrease as the medium viscosity increases indicating that the quenching process is a diffusion-controlled process, and this is consistent with a dynamic-type quenching.

激光硬化与渗氮复合处理H13钢组织与性能

通过激光淬火/离子渗氮复合方法对H13钢进行表面改性处理,从而提高其表面的性能.利用X射线衍射技术、光学显微观察、扫描电子显微观察、能谱分析技术、显微硬度和纳米测试系统以及高频往复磨损试验,分别研究了离子渗氮、激光淬火、以及激光淬火与离子渗氮复合处理对H13钢改性层组织结构、力学性能、摩擦磨损性能的影响过程和影响机理.结果表明:复合处理工艺可以显著改善改性层的综合性能.和单一渗氮处理相比,复合处理改性层硬度和有效硬化层深度分别从1180 HV和80μm提高至1360 HV和550μm,摩擦系数和磨损率分别从0.68和5.78×10^(-8)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·m^(-1)降低至0.59和1.35×10^(-8)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·m^(-1).试样的硬度和耐磨性显著增加,平均摩擦系数明显降低.

LASER HEAT TREATING RESEARCH OF THREE KINDS OF HIGH SPEED STEEL

After laser quenching and tempering of three kinds of annealed tool high-speed steel(W18Cr-4V, W9Mo3Cr4V1, W6Mo5Cr4V2) test samples, the microhardness measurer was used to test the samples and some problems, such as the hardness and depth of hardening-quenching layer were analyzed. Furthermore, after laser quenching and tempering of the quenched and three-time tempered high-speed steel (W18Cr4V) and its hardness analyzing, different results of laser-quenching samples were obtained under different initial heat-treating.

FV520B钢表面熔化极气体保护焊堆焊层及其激光淬火后的组织与性能

采用熔化极气体保护焊在FV520B钢板上进行单层单道、二层多道以及三层多道同质堆焊试验,并对单层单道堆焊层进行激光淬火处理,研究了不同堆焊层和激光淬火后堆焊层的显微组织、硬度和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:堆焊层由板条状马氏体、少量δ铁素体和一些碳化物组成,显微硬度为350 HV,与母材相比提高了14.7%,层间和道间交界处的组织中δ铁素体减少,最高硬度分别为380.3,373.5 HV,相对于堆焊层提高了8.0%,6.7%左右;堆焊层的腐蚀速率低于母材,且随着堆焊层数的增加,腐蚀速率不变。激光淬火后堆焊层的马氏体组织更加细小,淬火区和热影响区的厚度分别为194.3,186.3μm,堆焊层的最高硬度提高至390.4 HV;随着距淬火表面距离的增大,硬度先升高后降低;激光淬火后堆焊层的腐蚀速率比未进行激光淬火的堆焊层低。

42CrMo钢激光-电磁感应复合淬火过程应力与变形研究

目的提高激光强化风电机组轴承的尺寸稳定性,对激光-电磁感应复合淬火过程中的应力演化过程进行分析,并研究工艺参数对淬火变形的影响规律。方法通过考虑淬火相关的工艺过程、材料参数、热源输入及边界条件,使用COMSOL软件建立42CrMo钢激光-电磁感应复合淬火数学温度-组织-应力场多物理场耦合模型,研究淬火过程中的温度、组织和应力变化过程,并进行复合淬火实验验证。通过改进边界条件,建立轴承试件的淬火模型,通过改变相关工艺参数包括激光功率、感应功率和扫描速度,研究工艺对轴承淬火变形的影响规律,并与实际轴承实验结果进行对比。结果经实验测试结果和模型结果对比,感应和激光的温度相对误差分别为5.48%和9.69%,淬硬层深度的相对误差为5.66%,工件中心点应力相对误差为7.14%。结合温度变化和组织变化,将应力变化过程分为感应加热阶段、激光加热阶段、自然冷却阶段和强制水冷阶段。改进后的大轴承表面变形量的模拟值与实验值相对平均误差为0.58%。结论在复合淬火过程中,应力同时受到热应力和组织相变应力的影响,热应力和组织相变应力在每个阶段起作用的主体不同。随着激光功率和感应功率的减小,以及扫描速度的增大,轴承内圈外滚道表面法向位移变小,尺寸稳定性越好。

激光表面淬火对车轮多边形萌生及发展影响试验研究

车轮多边形磨损是影响列车服役可靠性的常见异常磨损形式,而激光淬火是提高金属材料耐磨性能的新型技术,但目前关于激光淬火对车轮多边形的影响尚未深入研究.因此,本文中将研究激光淬火对车轮多边形萌生与发展的影响规律,探讨利用激光淬火技术抑制车轮多边形的可行性.首先利用激光器对车轮试样进行点状淬火和全表面淬火,利用MMS-2A微机控制摩擦磨损试验机进行轮轨滚动磨损试验,分析轮轨系统振动频率、车轮试样磨损表面宏观形貌、廓形、多边形阶数以及材料损伤等,探明激光淬火对车轮多边形形成的影响.结果表明:在车轮试样表面沿圆周方向均匀地进行12个和16个点状淬火时,滚动磨损试验中车轮试样分别萌生出12阶和16阶多边形,并激发出严重的轮轨系统振动,最终在15万转时产生较大波深的车轮多边形.对车轮表面进行全表面淬火处理时,滚动磨损试验过程中始终无车轮多边形产生.在此基础之上,本文作者对未淬火车轮试样进行6万转滚动磨损试验以形成多边形磨损,然后对多边形车轮试样进行点状淬火(波谷处淬火)和全表面淬火,继而进行轮轨滚动磨损试验.研究表明:对多边形车轮试样波谷区进行淬火强化后,多边形发展表现出先放缓后加快的现象,波谷逐渐转变为波峰;对多边形车轮试样进行全表面淬火强化后,多边形继续发展,运行15万转后多边形波深呈轻微下降趋势.研究结果对车轮多边形磨损控制技术研究具有理论指导意义.

基于ANSYS的45钢表面激光淬火数值模拟

采用ANSYS软件模拟计算45钢表面激光淬火温度场的变化规律,预测淬火硬化层的深度和宽度,分析工艺参数对45钢表面激光淬火温度场的影响,并探讨工艺参数与45钢表面淬火硬化层深度和宽度之间的相互关系。结果表明:45钢表面的淬火硬化层的深度和宽度与激光输出功率成正比,与激光扫描速度和光斑直径成反比;45钢表面激光淬火的最佳工艺参数为激光输出功率900 W、激光扫描速度8 mm/s、光斑直径φ5 mm,此时,淬火硬化层的深度为0.508 mm、宽度为2.865 mm。

激光工艺参数对H13钢表面淬火层组织及性能影响

为了探究不同激光工艺参数组合对H13钢激光淬火改性层的影响,文章设置了7组对照实验,对改性层的截面宏观形貌、物相组成、微观组织结构、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能进行了分析,并具体对比了过烧熔凝与淬火后的组织及性能区别。结果表明,增大激光功率或减小扫描速度均能有效提高淬火区的深度和宽度,但当参数组合达到一定的界限时,会产生过烧熔凝现象,影响工件表面平整度。随着激光功率的增长或扫描速度的降低,改性层组织由不完全相变组织转变为完全相变组织;当达到一定的界限时析出的部分碳化物呈结节状特征;过烧熔凝会产生铸态枝晶组织。截面硬度随着激光功率的增加或扫描速度的降低呈现出递增的趋势,最高硬度出现在次表层区域;铸态枝晶组织相较于淬火组织使硬度显著增加。随着磨损时间的增加,激光淬火试样的磨损失重递增范围减小,磨损方式主要表现为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。

低合金钢激光淬火表面强化处理层与渗碳处理层的性能比较

[目的]高压电气机构产品的传动类零部件广泛使用20Cr Mn Mo低合金钢制造。为使该材料达到产品使用性能要求,需要进行气体渗碳、淬火、回火及驱氢处理,存在工序繁多、生产周期长、效率低,有害气体排放量高等问题。[方法]以42CrMo低合金钢为基体,进行激光淬火表面强化处理。对比了42CrMo淬硬层与20Cr MnMo渗碳层的有效深度、显微硬度、组织结构、耐磨性和冲击功。[结果]经过激光淬火表面强化处理的42CrMo钢具有略优于渗碳20CrMnMo钢的综合性能。[结论]激光淬火表面强化处理技术有望替代20CrMnMo的传统处理工艺。

38CrMoAl钢表面渗氮与激光淬火复合改性层的组织和性能及厚度预测

对38CrMoAl钢进行460℃渗氮8,16h与激光淬火处理,研究了复合改性层的组织和性能;利用Matlab软件与Abaqus有限元软件对复合改性层的氮浓度分布场和激光淬火温度场进行数值模拟,预测不同工艺下复合改性层的厚度,并进行试验验证。结果表明:复合改性层表面组织为含过饱和氮的马氏体,次表面为淬火马氏体,同时复合改性层中还存在铁的氧化物(Fe_(3)O_(4),FeO,Fe_(2)O_(3))和铁的氮化物(ε-Fe_(2-3)N、γ'-Fe_(4)N)组成,且16h渗氮+激光淬火得到氮化物的含量更多。不同工艺处理后复合改性层截面硬度分布曲线中存在平台区,16h渗氮+激光淬火后复合改性层平台区的硬度为720HV,比8h渗氮+激光淬火的复合改性层高约100HV;8,16h渗氮+激光淬火后复合改性层的厚度分别为530,590μm。与8h渗氮+激光淬火相比,16h渗氮+激光淬火后复合改性层的稳定摩擦因数和磨损体积均较低,分别为0.293,1.012mm^(3),耐磨性能较优。预测得到8,16h渗氮+激光淬火后复合改性层的厚度分别为531,583μm,相对误差小于3%,验证了预测方法的有效性。