Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic Exhumation History of the L(u|¨)liang Mountains,North China Craton:Constraint from Fission-track Thermochronology

The Lüliang Mountains, located in the North China Craton, is a relatively stable block, but it has experienced uplift and denudation since the late Mesozoic. We hence aim to explore its time and rate of the exhumation by the fission-track method. The results show that, no matter what type rocks are, the pooled ages of zircon and apatite fission-track range from 60.0 to 93.7 Ma and 28.6 to 43.3 Ma, respectively; all of the apatite fission-track length distributions are unimodal and yield a mean length of -13 μm; and the thermal history modeling results based on apatite fission-track data indicate that the time-temperature paths exhibit similar patterns and the cooling has been accelerated for each sample since the Pliocene （c.5 Ma）. Therefore, we can conclude that a successive cooling, probably involving two slow （during c.75-35Ma and 35-5Ma） and one rapid （during c.5 Ma-0 Ma） cooling, has occurred through the exhumation of the Liiliang Mountains since the late Cretaceous. The maximum exhumation is more than 5 km under a steady-state geothermal gradient of 35℃/km. Combined with the tectonic setting, this exhumation may be the resultant effect from the surrounding plate interactions, and it has been accelerated since c.5 Ma predominantly due to the India-Eurasia collision.

Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic Multi-Stage Denudation at the Western Ordos Block： Constraints by the Apatite Fission Track Dating on the Langshan

The apatite fission track dating of samples from the Dabashan （i.e., the Langshan in the northeastern Alxa Block） by the laser ablation method and their thermal history modeling of AFT ages are conducted in this study. The obtained results and lines of geological evidence in the study region indicate that the Langshan has experienced complicated tectonic-thermal events during the the Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic. Firstly, it experienced a tectonic-thermal event in the Late Cretaceous （-90-70 Ma）. The event had little relation with the oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate along the eastern Eurasian Plate, but was related to the Neo-Tethys subduction and compression between the Lhasa Block and Qiangtang Block. Secondly, it underwent the dextral slip faulting in the Eocene （-50-45 Ma）. The strike slip fault may develop in the same tectonic setting as sinistral slip faults in southern Mongolia and thrusts in West Qinling to the southwest Ordos Block in the same period, which is the remote far-field response to the India-Eurasia collision. Thirdly, the tectonic thermal event existed in the late Cenozoic （since -10 Ma）, thermal modeling shows that several samples began their denudation from upper region of partial annealing zone （PAZ）, and the denudation may have a great relationship with the growth of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to the northeast. In addition, the AFT ages of Langshan indicate that the main body of the Langshan may be an upper part of fossil PAZ of the Late Cretaceous （-70 Ma）. The fossil PAZ were destroyed and deformed by tectonic events repeatedly in the Cenozoic along with the denudation.

Study on Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic exhumation of the Yanji area,NE China: insights from low-temperature thermochronology

The Yanji area,northeastern China,a part of the orogenic collage between the North China Block in the south and the Jiamusi-Khanka Massifs in the northeast,is the most likely location where the Pacific Plate subduction・related magmatic activities and subsequent exhumation processes occurred.Here,we report new low-temperature thermochronology of apatite and zircon data from the granitoid samples in the Yanji area.The exhumation rates of Tianfozhishan,Yanji area,were〜0.049 and〜0.073 mm/year,interpreted from the elevations and apatite and zircon fission track ages,respectively.The exhumation,integrated with the geological setting,suggested that the paleogeothermal gradient of the Tianfozhishan,even extending to the Yanji area,was possibly to be greater than 35℃/km in the Late Cretaceous.The thermal history modeling of the data indicates a basically similar pattern,but the various timing for different samples between the Oligocene-Early Miocene and the Middle Miocene in the Yanji area.We hence conclude that a fourstages of cooling,from〜6.7℃/Ma(during the Late Cretaceous),to〜0.8℃/Ma(during the Late Cretaceous to the Oligocene-Early Miocene),then to〜2-3℃/Ma with varied styles(between the Oligocene-Early Miocene and the Middle Miocene),and finally to<0.2℃/Ma(since the Middle Miocene),has taken place through the exhumation of the Yanji area.The maximum exhumation is>3 km under a reasonable paleogeothermal gradient(>35℃/km),speculated from the possible exhumation rate of Tianfozhishan.Combined with the tectonic setting,this exhumation,including two stages of pronounced tectonic uplift and denudation and two stages of weak exhumation driven by the low regional erosion rate,is possibly related to the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate since the Late Cretaceous.This study used more robust evidence to propose higher paleogeothermal gradient(>35℃/km),reflecting exhumation of>3 km in the Yanji area since the Late Cretaceous.

Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the mixed clastic-carbonate deposits in the Late Paleozoic icehouse period:A case study from the northern Qaidam Basin

The widely-developed,mixed clastic-carbonate succession in the northern Qaidam Basin records the paleo-environment changes under the glacial activity during the Late Paleozoic icehouse period in the context of regional tectonic stability,however,the depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of the mixed deposits is rarely reported and still not clear.Combined the latest drilling wells data,we analyzed the sedimentary and stratigraphic characterization of the mixed strata via detailed field outcrops and core observations and thin section microscopic observations and recognized three depositional systems,including progradational coastal system,incised valley system,and carbonate-dominated marine shelf system,and identified four third-order sequences,SQ1,SQ2,SQ3 and SQ4,consisting of LST,TST,and HST.The depositional environment is overall belonged to marine-continental transition context and shifted from marine to continental environment frequently,showing an evolutionary pattern from marine towards terrestrial-marine transition and then back into the marine environment again in the long-term,which was controlled by the regional tectonic subsidence and the high-frequency and large-amplitude sea-level changes due to the Late Paleozoic glacial activity.The result is of significance in understanding the evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the sedimentation-climate response.

Mechanism of the Effect of Bacillus coagulans on Production Performance of Laying Hens in Late Laying Period

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the mechanism of Bacillus coagulans preparation in improving production performance of laying hens in late period of laying.[Method]A total of 648 individuals of"Jingfen 1"laying hens(66 weeks of age)in late period of laying were randomly divided into four groups,six replicates each group,and each group had 27 individuals of laying hens.The laying hens in control group were fed with basal diet,and those in experimental groupsⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed with the basal diets added with 3.33×10^6,1×10^7,3.33×10^7 CFU/g B.coagulans,respectively.The pretrial lasted one week,and the formal test lasted eight weeks.[Result]Compared with the control group,the laying rate in group Ⅰ increased significantly,and the feed-gain ratio in experimental group Ⅱ decreased noticeably while the spleen index increased remarkably;the alkaline phosphatase activities and blood calcium content in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased significantly(P<0.05),while the triglyceride content decreased remarkably(P<0.05);the urea content in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ decreased obviously(P<0.05).Adding B.coagulans significantly increased the specific activity of amylase,lipase and protease in various intestinal mucosa of small intestine(P<0.05);adding B.coagulans significantly increased the content of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E2),and significantly increased the mRNA expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene(FSHR).[Conclusion]B.coagulans preparation could significantly improve the production performance of laying hens in late period of laying;appropriately enhance the immune capacity of laying hens;improve the serum biochemical indicators;increase the activity of digestive enzymes in the small intestine;and promote the release of gonadal hormone and the mRNA expression of FSHR gene in the ovary.

Effects of Xylooligosaccharide(XOS)and Probiotics(PRO)on Production Performance,Egg Quality and Intestinal Short-chain Fatty Acids of Laying Hens in Late Laying Period

[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of xylooligosaccharide(XOS)and probiotics(PRO)and their interaction on the production performance,egg quality and intestinal short-chain fatty acids of laying hens in late laying period.[Method]A total of 36074-week-old Romain brown laying hens were randomly divided into four groups,six replicates each group and 15 chickens each replicate.The trial lasted 63 d.The laying hens in control group(CON)were fed with basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed with the basal diets adding with 150 mg/kg XOS(XOS group),100 mg/kg probiotics(PRO group),150 mg/kg XOS+100 mg/kg probiotics(XOS-PRO group).[Result]Compared with the control group,the laying rate,daily egg production,yolk ratio,colonic acetic acid and caecal propionic acid in XOS group increased significantly(P<0.05),and the feed gain ratio decreased remarkably(P<0.05).PRO had no significant effect on the production performance and egg quality of laying hens in late laying period(P>0.05),but significantly increased colonic acetic acid(P<0.05).XOS and PRO had no interaction effect on the production performance,egg quality and intestinal short-chain fatty acids of laying hens in late laying period(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Adding XOS to the diet of laying hens in late laying period could increase the content of short-chain fatty acids in the hindgut of laying hens,and effectively improve the production performance and egg quality of laying hens in late laying period.Adding PRO to the diet did not significantly improve the production performance and egg quality of laying hens,and there was no interaction effect between XOS and PRO.

Social development and living environment changes in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau and contiguous regions during the late prehistoric period

The relationship between the evolution of human societies and their living environments has been discussed intensively in recent decades.It is important to understand the patterns and mechanisms of human–environment interaction and evolution in order to cope with rapidly changing environments in the modern world.We reviewed the results of dating,archaeobotanical,and zooarchaeological studies from 139 prehistoric sites in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau(NETP)and contiguous regions(NETP-CR:i.e.,the Hexi Corridor and western margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau)and compared them with paleoenvironmental records to study variations in spatiotemporal patterns of social development in the area and their relationships with climate and vegetation changes.Our results show that hunter-gatherer groups occupied vast areas of the NETP at low intensities during^15,000–5500 BP(years before present).This was directly related to forest cover and climate change.An increase in temperature and precipitation turnover of vegetation from desert steppe to alpine meadow/subalpine shrub,and recovery of animal population on the Tibetan Plateau created more food resources and space for hunter-gatherers.Millet farmers settled extensively below 2500 m a.s.l.(meters above sea level)in the NETP-CR between^5500 and 3600 BP,and might have coexisted with hunting groups above 2500 m a.s.l.via subsistence exchange.The distribution of human settlements during that period was affected by climate change,with the relatively warm and wet climate promoting the expansion of millet agriculture to the NETP-CR during 5500–4500 BP,while climate deterioration caused humans to retreat to lower altitudes.During 3600–2200 BP,a range of livelihoods emerged in different regions of the NETPCR.This was promoted by early trans-Eurasian exchange and the development of an agro-pastoral economy that utilized cold-tolerant crops and livestock.This eventually promoted the expansion of permanent human settlements to high-altitude areas in the NETP.This study found that human societies adopted various strategies to adapt to the changing living environment throughout late prehistoric times in the NETP-CR.The results provide a long-term perspective on the trajectory of regional socio-environmental co-evolution.

CHINESE LADY'S DAILY WEAR IN LATE QING DYNASTY AND EARLY REPUBLIC PERIOD

The goal of this research is to describe and analyze women’s wear in the late Qing Dynasty andearly Republic Period(late 19th c.—early 20th c.),with an emphasis on the daily informal orsemi-formal wear,though some formal or ceremonial costumes such as wedding dress will also beincluded.This study will use Chinese costumes and textiles from many museums to fill in theblanks left by previous research and to give a more detailed and accurate description.It will alsouse historical documents to find the original names of these items and to illustrate a general conceptof their usage on different occasions.The different categories of women’s wear will be described in the following order:①robes orcoats;②jackets;③waistcoats or vests;④skirts;⑤pants and leggings;⑥shoes and socks;⑦headdresses;and⑧others.Of every category,the textiles,decoration,cut,form,style,colourand motif will be discussed.The way in which these items were combined will also be discussed.The comparison between women’s wear and men’s wear,women’s and children’s informal andformal dress will be given.Here are some tentative conclusions.First,the Manchu and Han style coexisted and mixedwith each other and were worn by both Manchu and Han women.Second,the basic silhouettesand cuts were relatively stable and conventional,while the decorations and details(openings,fasten-ings,pleats,vents,collars and hemlines)were different.The former represented accepted socialstandards while the latter could be a matter of personal taste.Third,women’s wear in that periodwere highly stylized,miscellaneous,elaborate,detailed,multicolored and multi-thematic.

A combination of castration with(125)~I brachtherapy in middle and late period prostate cancer

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of castration with 125 I brachtherapy in middle and late stage prostate cancer. Methods Sixty-six patients with prostate cancer from 2004 to 2009 were analyzed,40 were at clinical stage C and 26 were at clinical stage D,

药隔期倒春寒对小麦根际细菌群落结构的影响

以抗倒春寒性强的小麦品种烟农19(YN)和抗倒春寒性弱的小麦品种新麦26(XM)为实验材料,于小麦幼穗分化的药隔形成期利用智能超低温培养箱进行4℃(T1)和-4℃(T2)低温胁迫处理,以15℃作为对照(CK),利用高通量测序技术对开花期小麦根际土壤细菌群落进行测定,研究药隔期倒春寒对小麦根际细菌多样性和群落结构的影响。结果表明:(1)倒春寒危害后两品种小麦根际土壤细菌的ACE指数较CK均有所降低,且对抗倒春寒性弱的品种XM影响显著(P<0.05)。(2)两品种小麦根际土壤细菌群落主要由变形菌门(53.20%~57.55%)、放线菌门(13.34%~21.69%)、拟杆菌门(10.56%~12.37%)和芽单胞菌门(6.17%~9.19%)等33个门及819个属的细菌组成,且不同程度倒春寒处理间各菌门相对丰度表现出差异性,其中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度在YN中升高9.79%~19.11%,在XM中降低26.43%~38.47%。(3)根际土壤细菌功能预测分析显示,药隔期倒春寒提高了膜运输、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、复制与修复功能基因在YN根际土壤中的相对丰度,降低了其在XM根际土壤中的相对丰度。综上所述,药隔期倒春寒降低了小麦根际土壤细菌群落的丰富度,改变了细菌群落结构,影响了细菌群落的膜运输、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和复制与修复功能。

致密砂岩气藏稳产后期动用效果评价与动用潜力分析:以子洲气田山2气藏为例

以子洲气田山2气藏为例,利用钻井及生产动态资料,通过对地质储量、动储量、累产气、累产水和动静储量比的计算与分析,采用综合评判指数法和类比法,详细评价了山2致密砂岩气藏动用效果和动用潜力。结果表明:山2气藏平面动用严重不均衡。7个井区中,主砂体带中部的榆30井区动用效果最好,属Ⅰ类动用区;主砂体带南部的洲3和北部榆81井区动用效果中等,为Ⅱ类动用区;主砂体周边的榆69、榆48、麒麟沟和榆29井区动用效果差,属Ⅲ类动用区。初步预测山2气藏整体动用潜力为198.1×10^(8) m^(3)。其中,Ⅲ类区的动用潜力为174.7×10^(8) m^(3),占88.2%,是山2气藏后续挖潜重点。

晚清民国常武地区针灸医家挖掘和整理

晚清至民国时期,在常武地区,以费、马、巢、丁为代表的孟河医派,在中医的发展史上留下过浓墨重彩的一笔,这四大医家均是以内外科而闻名于世。在同时期,常武地区同样走出了很多著名的针灸医家。文章通过整理和发掘,回溯常武地区走出的针灸医家的故事,研究其对针灸发展的主要贡献,丰富常武地区针灸学术史。

从儒家经典到课本选文:清末民初读经科向国文科的转化与融入

民国初年读经被取消后又被反复提倡,但清末的读经科部分转化、融入了国文科并影响了国文科的发展:国文科课程目标中的“德”由读经科转入,教材中部分课文是对读经科中的整本儒家经典的节选,教学中的诵读法也来自读经科。转化的发生及其成功,主要原因是:读经科改变了形式,顺应了现代教育(国文)的变化,教育目的由培养臣民转为培养公民,教育形式由私塾中的单个点拨到学堂中的班级授课,国文教材形态由专书变为选文,考试文体由八股变为古文。

慢熟的土地:清末到民国的云南话剧文学(1913—1949年)

云南话剧文学的发展起步很早,经历了从萌芽到潮起、寂寞呐喊和学步模仿再到激情怒火中的爆发几个阶段,有学生的集体创作,也有个人的苦闷绝叫,还有时代催生的民族激情,更有民主大潮中的社会呐喊。云南话剧文学创作演出的构成分为本土剧作家的本土创作演出和外来剧作家在云南的“在地”创作演出。在这一时期里,云南现代话剧文学创作蹒跚地走向初步成型,耕耘中,远远守望着姗姗来迟的成熟。

金后期状元释褐职任考

金后期状元释褐,其执事基本是应奉翰林文字,只有少数因情况特殊而例外;其官资,大定十四年前授正七品上的承德郎,十四年后降两级为从七品上的承务郎,明昌间辞赋状元又升1级为正七品下的承直郎,而经义状元则降1级为从七品下的儒林郎。金后期状元最低的初始官资都高于南宋。

陕西清涧寨沟遗址后刘家塔商代墓葬科技考古鉴定与分析

通过人及动物骨骼的碳十四年代测定,陕西清涧后刘家塔墓地4座墓葬的日历年代集中在商代晚期,M1年代略早于其他墓葬。墓地出土人骨6例,均为成年个体,男性多于女性。该人群骨骼创伤与病理现象多见,骨膜炎、“跪距面”高发,日常食物以粟、黍等C4类为主并摄入较多动物蛋白。M4所出2例马骨均为青壮年雄性个体,骨骼尺寸大多处于中国商周时期家马范围之内,健康状况整体较好,饮食结构一定程度上受到人类干预。M1和M3棺木用材为冷杉属,M1所出车马器和M3所出铜斧内木材为榆属。

陕西清涧寨沟遗址后刘家塔商代墓葬发掘简报

2022年9~12月,陕西省考古研究院等对后刘家塔墓地进行了抢救性考古发掘,共发现4座商代贵族墓葬。墓葬虽均被盗扰,仍然出土了数量众多的小件器物,其中以车马器最多,还发现了墓室内葬车遗存。大量随葬品与殷墟高等级贵族墓葬相同,显示出浓厚的殷墟高等级用器色彩,反映了黄土丘陵地区与商王朝之间密切的经济、文化交流,以及商王朝对周边地区的强烈影响。该墓地是目前发掘的黄土高原地区规模最大的商代墓葬,是近年来商代考古的重要突破。

马铃薯发育期模型精度及其对升温的敏感性比较

马铃薯是世界第四大主粮作物,马铃薯发育期的准确模拟是评估气候变化对马铃薯生长发育影响的基础。通过研究筛选在全国马铃薯种植区发育期模拟效果最优的模型,并基于模型探究历史气候变化对马铃薯生育期的影响差异以及模型对升温(1~5℃)的敏感性,可为模型改进提供方向。针对当前对覆盖不同气候和品种类型的发育期模型综合对比研究较少,本研究选取3种温度响应函数与2种日长响应函数,组合形成3种温度模型和6种光温模型,运用模拟退火算法对模型进行调参,对比其在全国8个站点模拟马铃薯全生育期的精度,结果表明:1)线性温度函数+负指数日长函数光温模型(M3)、Logistic温度函数+负指数日长函数光温模型(M6)和Beta温度函数+负指数日长函数光温模型(M9)的模拟效果最优, 3个模型模拟和观测的全生育期长度RMSE分别为7.7 d、6.8 d和7.1 d, R^(2)均大于0.90。2)基于最优模型在4个代表性站点的模拟结果显示,历史气候变化导致马铃薯生育期总体呈缩短趋势,但在不同站点模型间存在差异。3)升温1~5℃,模型M3和M6模拟的马铃薯全生育期日数呈线性缩短,每升温1℃, 4个站点的生育期缩短3.0~8.2 d;而模型M9模拟的全生育期日数呈非线性变化,随温度升高生育期缩短趋势先增加后减小。筛选出的3种光温模型均可有效模拟马铃薯发育期;基于3种模型模拟的历史气候变化总体均使马铃薯生育期缩短,但变化率不同;温度响应函数的不同,使得3种模型对升温的敏感性不同,且模型间差异随着升温而增加。研究结果为马铃薯发育期模型选择和改进提供了重要参考。

基于UPLC-QE-MS对关中奶山羊泌乳盛期和泌乳末期生乳差异的分析

为探究山羊乳中代谢物以及代谢物在不同泌乳期的动态变化和阶段差异性,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱法比较关中奶山羊泌乳盛期和泌乳末期生乳中的差异代谢产物。对表征的代谢物以P<0.05、变量投影重要度(variableimportanceintheprojection,VIP)>1.00、差异倍数(foldchange,FC)>2或FC<0.5为筛选标准,共筛选出90种差异代谢物。与泌乳末期相比,泌乳盛期的山羊乳中有50种差异代谢物上调,40种下调。代谢途径分析表明,这些差异代谢物与次级胆汁酸生物合成显著相关。根据VIP值,尿苷二磷酸-N-乙酰基葡糖胺、磷脂酰乙醇胺(12:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))可考虑作为关中奶山羊两个时期差异变化的潜在生物标志物,但还待进一步的研究验证。

陕西清涧寨沟遗址鱼塔梁商代墓葬发掘简报

2023年4~8月,陕西省考古研究院等在清涧县寨沟遗址鱼塔梁地点发掘了34座小型商代墓葬,出土了一批极为难得的随葬品,部分随葬品陶、铜器共存。其年代相当于殷墟二期,文化面貌为李家崖文化。其中陶钵是李家崖文化最集中的一次发现,在以往遗址考古中较为少见,为李家崖文化陶器增加了新类型。该墓地的发掘为研究李家崖文化的埋葬制度、丧葬习俗、社会结构等问题提供了重要资料。