Advantages of Nanchong City in Developing Late-maturing Citrus and Countermeasures

Nanchong City has the advantages of developing late-maturing citrus in ecology,no-quarantine diseases and insect pests,base construction starting taking shape,production and management technology becoming increasingly mature,leaders paying close attention and market recognition,and significant income increase of fruit growers. However,there are also problems such as weak infrastructure and weak anti-disaster ability,inadequate technology extension system,unmatched cold chain warehouses,and uneven quality of seedlings. Therefore,it is recommended to make scientific plan in accordance with actual local situations,regulate fine variety breeding and market supervision,build orchards with high standard and strengthen management,do a good job of propaganda and branding,improve post-harvest processing,extend the industrial chain,and issue preferential policies to promote the development of citrus industry in Nanchong City.

Suitable growing zone and yield potential for late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China

Late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids series （LMYS） have shown great yield potential, and are being widely planted in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China. Knowledge about suitable growing zone and evaluation of yield advantage is of practicall importance for LMYS in this region. Fifteen LMYS, two high-yielding inbred japonica check varieties （CK-J） and two high-yielding hybrid indica check varieties （CK-I） were grown at Xinghua （119.57°E, 33.05°N） of Lixiahe region, Yangzhou （119.25°E, 32.30°N）of Yanjiang region, Changshu （120.46°E, 31.41°N）of Taihu Lake region, and Ningbo （121.31°E, 29.45°N） of Ningshao Plain in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that maturity dates of the 15 were later than the secure maturity date at Xinghua and 6, 14 and 15 LMYS were mature before the secure maturity date at Yangzhou, Changshu and Ningbo, respectively. One variety was identified as high-yielding variety among LMYS （HYYS） at Yangzhou, 8 HYYS in 201：3 and 9 HYYS in 2014 at Changshu, 9 HYYS at Ningbo. HYYS here referred to the variety among LMYS that was mature before the secure maturity date and had at least 8% higher grain yield than both CK-J and CK-I at each experimental site. Grain yield of HYYS at each experimental site was about 12.0 t ha-1 or higher, and was significantly higher than CK varieties. High yield of HYYS was mainly attributed to larger sink size due to more spikelets per panicle. Plant height of HYYS was about 140 cm, and was significantly higher than check varieties. Significant positive correlations were recorded between duration from heading to maturity stage and grain yield, and also between whole growth periods and grain yield. HYYS had obvious advantage over check varieties in biomass accumulation and leaf area duration from heading to maturity stage. Comprehensive consideration about safe matudty and yield performance of LMYS at each experimental site, Taihu Lake region （representative site Changshu） and Ningshao Plain （representative site Ningbo） were thought suitable growing zones for LMYS in the lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main factors underlying high yield ofHYYS were larger sink size, higher plant height, longer duration from heading to maturity stage and whole growth periods, and higher biomass accumulation and leaf area duration during grain filling stage.

氮磷减施对水稻剑叶光合特性、产量及氮素利用率的影响

【目的】研究氮磷减施对水稻生长、产量及氮素利用的影响,为江苏太湖地区水稻生产合理减肥提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以江苏省大面积生产应用的迟熟中粳水稻品种南粳9108为试材,采用野外田间小区试验的方法,研究了氮磷减施对水稻剑叶色素含量、光合作用主要参数、稻谷产量及氮素利用率的影响。【结果】氮肥减施对水稻叶片色素含量及净光合速率(P_n)影响较大。较常规施肥处理(T1)而言,减施15%氮肥处理(T2)条件下,灌浆前期水稻叶片Chla、Chla+b含量及叶片净光合速率均未显著降低。随氮肥减施幅度的增大和处理时间的延长,叶片色素含量及P_n显著下降。减施30%氮肥处理(T3)条件下,灌浆后期Chla、Chlb、Chla+b含量及P_n显著下降15.61%、22.28%、16.97%和18.47%(P﹤0.05)。然而,减磷处理(T4~T5)对水稻叶片色素含量未有显著影响,且P_n仅在减施30%磷肥处理(T5)条件下于灌浆后期呈现显著下降趋势,下降幅度达14.15%(P﹤0.05)。氮肥减施(T2~T3)降低水稻产量达6.27%~12.91%,总穗数的显著降低是减产的主要原因,磷肥减施(T4~T5)对水稻产量无显著影响。然而,氮肥减施处理(T2~T3)可显著提高水稻氮肥偏生产力、氮素农学利用率及氮肥生理利用率分别达15.04%~31.88%、10.74%~13.84%和8.16%~9.57%。同时,氮磷减施(T2~T5)各处理对水稻氮素表观利用率的影响也未达显著水平。【结论】从水稻叶片光合特性、稻谷产量及氮素利用率等综合考虑,氮磷适度减施在江苏太湖地区水稻生产上是可行的。