Connection Between Atmospheric Latent Energy and Energy Fluxes Simulated by Nine CMIP5 Models

The atmospheric latent energy and incoming energy fluxes of the atmosphere are analyzed here based on the historical simulations of nine coupled models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） and two reanalysis datasets. The globally averaged atmospheric latent energy is found to be highly correlated with several types of energy flux, particularly the surface latent heat flux, atmosphere absorbed solar radiation flux, and surface net radiation flux. On the basis of these connections, a hydrological cycle controlled feedback （HCCF） is hypothesized. Through this feedback, the atmosphere absorbed solar radiation is enhanced and causes intensification of the surface latent heat flux when the atmospheric latent energy is abnormally strong. The representativeness of the HCCF during different periods and over different latitudinal zones is also discussed. Although such a feedback cannot be confirmed by reanalysis, it proves to be a common mechanism for all the models studied.

Energy consumption for creep fracture of metallic materials

The energy conservation law is applied to formulate the ductile and brittle creep fracture criterion for metallic materials. The criterion contains a summary of heat and latent energies. Assuming that the heat energy is given out so it has no effect on the fracture process, the ductile creep fracture criterion is simplified. To take into account the evaluation of the damage state of materials the compressibility condition is introduced and the brittle creep fracture law is formulated.

Regulating Melting Process in the Energy Storage of Solid-Liquid PCM based on Double MRT-LBM Simulation

The melting process of solid-liquid phase change materials(PCM)has a significant impact on their energy storage performance.To more effectively apply solid-liquid PCM for energy storage,it is crucial to study the regulation of melting process of solid-liquid PCM,which is numerically investigated based on double multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method(MRT-LBM)in this work.In this work we pay more attention to the effects of different Stefan numbers(Ste)and Rayleigh numbers(Ra)on the melting process.The results indicate that the PCM melting is greatly influenced by the Ste number and Ra number,which can be divided into the heat conduction dominant stage and the convection dominant stage,according to the onset time of convection Fo_(C).In order to describe the contribution of the heat conduction dominant stage to the whole melting process quantitatively,we firstly propose the ratio of the heat conduction dominant stage R_(pc),which can be defined as the ratio of Fo_(C)to the complete melting time Fo_(M).R_(pc)gradually decreases as the Ra number increases,and when the Ste number rises:R_(pc)=90.0%when Ste=1.0 and Ra=1×10^(5),R_(pc)=39.6%when Ste=0.1 and Ra=1×10^(5),and R_(pc)=14.0%when Ste=1.0 and Ra=1×10~7.A regime map about the effects of different Ste numbers and Ra numbers on R_(pc)has been further summarized.The discovered findings would be helpful in regulating melting process in the energy storage of solid-liquid PCM.