Theory and Practice of High-Level Sprint Training Based on Accurate Sectional Timing

There is an obvious gap in sprint level at home and abroad,and there are different opinions on the reasons.According to the analysis,physical energy and its distribution in each segment are the main factors restricting the sprint performance in China.Different from middle and long-distance running,we must rely on accurate sectional timing technology to master the law of speed-physical energy change in the process of sprint.Each stage is an integral part of the whole dash process,and each part restricts each other.Each stage has a relative best achievement.Simply pursuing the optimal state of segment is not only not helpful to the final result,but also counterproductive.

High-speed train cooperativecontrol based on fractional-ordersliding mode adaptive algorithm

Purpose–This study aims to propose an adaptive fractional-order sliding mode controller to solve the problem of train speed tracking control and position interval control under disturbance environment in moving block system,so as to improve the tracking efficiency and collision avoidance performance.Design/methodology/approach–The mathematical model of information interaction between trains is established based on algebraic graph theory,so that the train can obtain the state information of adjacent trains,and then realize the distributed cooperative control of each train.In the controller design,the sliding mode control and fractional calculus are combined to avoid the discontinuous switching phenomenon,so as to suppress the chattering of sliding mode control,and a parameter adaptive law is constructed to approximate the time-varying operating resistance coefficient.Findings–The simulation results show that compared with proportional integral derivative(PID)control and ordinary sliding mode control,the control accuracy of the proposed algorithm in terms of speed is,respectively,improved by 25%and 75%.The error frequency and fluctuation range of the proposed algorithm are reduced in the position error control,the error value tends to 0,and the operation trend tends to be consistent.Therefore,the control method can improve the control accuracy of the system and prove that it has strong immunity.Originality/value–The algorithm can reduce the influence of external interference in the actual operating environment,realize efficient and stable tracking of trains,and ensure the safety of train control.

青少年体育教育培训业智慧化建设的审视与论译--基于二十大精神建设体育强国的认识

本文采用文献资料法,基于对二十大精神建设体育强国的认识,探求青少年体育教育培训业智慧化建设。本文认为青少年体育教育培训业智慧化建设存在着外源性供给与内源性延伸两大动力机制。阻滞困境:理念缺失:青少年体育教育培训业智慧化建设观念滞后;技术制约:青少年体育教育培训业智慧化建设应用单一;治理懈怠:青少年体育教育培训业智慧化建设协同机制匮乏;社会支持局限:青少年体育教育培训业智慧化建设程度落后。策略展望:聚焦体育培训认知变革,驱动智慧化引擎;促进体育产业技术革新,增强智慧化动力;增强体育产业共生治理,拓宽智慧化路径;整合体育培训社会支持,夯实智慧化基础。

海洋深水表面张力波-重力波的单波列第n阶自共振定律

波-波共振机制,无论在微观物质还是在宏观物质的能量传播、分布进程中都起着一种根本、突显的作用.对于地球上最为广阔、直观的海洋表面波运动,势必更加如此而可观可知.那么,可否从中提炼出一般的波-波共振规律?尤其是最为特殊、简要的单波列共振法则.为此,依据Phillips开创现代水波动力学而提出特定4-波共振条件的经典一整套方式方法,从基本的海洋深水表面张力波-重力波控制方程组出发,运用Fourier-Stieltjes变换和摄动方法依次给出自由表面位移的Fourier分量的第一阶微分方程.和愈来愈复杂却趋于完整的第二、三、四阶积分微分方程,在一套自创、自明而又简洁的符号体系下依次求解这些方程而求得其单波列第一阶自由表面位移和第二、三、四阶非共振与共振自由表面位移的Fourier系数以及第二、三、四阶共振条件,从而顺势推断出一般的单波列第n阶自共振定律.这就完整揭示了海洋表面张力波-重力波之单波列共振动力学的丰富内涵,有效扩展了海洋表面重力波之经典Phillips共振单波列解的适用范围,为刻画海洋表面波之双波列、更多波列的单重、多重共振相互作用机制奠定了基石,因而在全部波动领域的单波列共振规律的探寻上提供了一种典型范例.

Numerical investigation on the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed train under turbulent crosswind

Increasing velocity combined with decreasing mass of modern highspeed trains poses a question about the influence of strong crosswinds on its aerodynamics. Strong crosswinds may affect the running stability of high speed trains via the amplified aerodynamic forces and moments. In this study, a simulation of turbulent crosswind flows over the leading and end cars of ICE2 highspeed train was performed at different yaw angles in static and moving ground case scenarios. Since the train aerodynamic problems are closely associated with the flows occurring around train, the flow around the train was considered as incompressible and was obtained by solving the incom pressible form of the unsteady Reynoldsaveraged Navier Stokes （RANS） equations combined with the realizable kepsilon turbulence model. Important aerodynamic coef ficients such as the side force and rolling moment coeffi cients were calculated for yaw angles ranging from 30° to 60° and compared with the results obtained from wind tunnel test. The dependence of the flow structure on yaw angle was also presented. The nature of the flow field and its structure depicted by contours of velocity magnitude and streamline patterns along the train＇s crosssection were presented for different yaw angles. In addition, the pressure coefficient around the circumference of the train at dif ferent locations along its length was computed for yaw angles of 30° and 60°, The computed aerodynamic coef ficient outcomes using the realizable kepsilon turbulencemodel were in good agreement with the wind tunnel data. Both the side force coefficient and rolling moment coeffi cients increase steadily with yaw angle till about 50° before starting to exhibit an asymptotic behavior. Contours of velocity magnitude were also computed at different cross sections of the train along its length for different yaw angles. The result showed that magnitude of rotating vortex in the lee ward side increased with increasing yaw angle, which leads to the creation of a lowpressure region in the lee ward side of the train causing high side force and roll moment. Generally, this study shows that unsteady CFD RANS methods combined with an appropriate turbulence model can present an important means of assessing the crucial aerodynamic forces and moments of a highspeed train under strong crosswind conditions.

An improved constrained steering law for SGCMGs with DPC

An improved constrained （IC） steering law for single gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） with deformed pyramid configuration （DPC） is proposed, First of all, the original system with five pyramid configuration （FPC） whose two adjacent gyros are in failure state is reconfigured as a degraded system with DPC. Then, the singular angular momentum hypersurfaces of the original and the degraded systems are plotted via the singular angular momentum equa- tion of SGCMGs. Based on singular surfaces, the differences between FPC and DPC in singularity and momentum envelope are obtained directly, which provide an important reference for steering law design of DPC. Finally, an IC steering law is designed and applied to DPC. The simulation results demonstrate that the IC steering law has advantages in simplicity of calculation, avoidance of singularity and exactness of output torque, which endow the degraded system with fine controllability in a restricted workspace.

ENTRANCE LAWS FOR DAWSON-WATABE SUPERPROCESSES WITH NONLOCAL BRANCHING

This paper proves a 1-1 correspondence between minimal probability entrance laws for the superprocess and entrance laws for its underlying process. From this the author deduces that an infinitely divisible probability entrance law for the superprocess is uniquely determined by an infinitely divisible probability measure on the space of the underlying entrance laws. Under an additional condition, a characterization is given for all entrance laws for the superprocess, generalizing the results of Dynkin (1989). An application to immigration processes is also discussed.

Entropy Analysis of Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System by Using the Second Law of Thermodynamics

By means of the Second Law of Thermodynamics,thispaper gives out the entropy analysis method for vapor-comperession refrigeration system.The thermal irrevers-ibility of the system charged with R12 and its hopeful al-ternative refrlgerant R134a have been studied respective-ly.On the basis of all the research results of this paper,the measure used to save energy for vapor-compressionrefrigeration system has been put out.

Preliminary Study on Water Demand Law of 1-0 Rooted Cuttings of Populus szechuanica

In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the afforestation and artificial water supply of P.szechuanica in arid areas,the characteristics of water consumption of P.szechuanica were explored,and the law of water demand of P.szechuanica was grasped.In this paper,potted seedlings of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica were taken as research objects,and change situation of water consumption under different water control gradients was measured regularly by using weighing method,further analyzing dynamic change of water consumption of P.szechuanica and revealing water demand law of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica.The results showed that total change of water consumption of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica had"slow-fast-slow-fast"double-peak trend in the growth period of the current year,and corresponded with univariate linear relation(R^(2)=0.7137),with significant difference.In whole growth period,water consumption in August was the highest,which was 2.7 times of that in June and July and 1.5 times of that after September.In different water control treatments,the dynamic changes of daily and monthly water consumption were significantly different.In seven water control treatments,monthly water consumption was between(6315.95±1690.70)and(10105.28±3065.30)g/month,and mean was(8211.07±2308.23)g/month.With intensification of water control treatment,water consumption increased,but there was no seedling death due to water shortage.P.szechuanica has great plasticity in water demand,and can survive in both arid and humid environments.Meanwhile,it is revealed that P.szechuanica is the most widely distributed tree species in the region.

On the Current Situation of Basic - level Administrative Law Enforcement in China

With the development of economy and society, our country is on the road of rule by law, the legal system is progressing constantly. At the same time, we should also see that the administration according to law is not perfect, and its shortcomings exist in different degree and need to be further improved. Based on the analysis of the status quo of grass-roots administrative law enforcement in China, this paper tries to put forward corresponding countermeasures, so as to promote the work of law-based administration for the corresponding study.

LAW AND LUXURY IN AUGUSTAN ROME (TACITUS, ANNALS 3.53-4)

Introduction: Tacitus on Law and Luxury'quid enim primum prohibere et priscum ad morem recidere adgrediar? villarumne infinita spatia? familiarum numerum et nationes? argenti et auri pondus? aeris tabularumque miracula? promiscas viris et feminis vestis atque illa feminarum propria,

Zipf’s Law, Benford’s Law, and Pareto Rule

From a basic probabilistic argumentation, the Zipfian distribution and Benford’s law are derived. It is argued that Zipf’s law fits to calculate the rank probabilities of identical indistinguishable objects and that Benford’s distribution fits to calculate the rank probabilities of distinguishable objects. i.e. in the distribution of words in long texts all the words in a given rank are identical, therefore, the rank distribution is Zipfian. In logarithmic tables, the objects with identical 1st digits are distinguishable as there are many different digits in the 2nd, 3rd… places, etc., and therefore the distribution is according to Benford’s law. Pareto 20 - 80 rule is shown to be an outcome of Benford’s distribution as when the number of ranks is about 10 the probability of 20% of the high probability ranks is equal to the probability of the rest of 80% low probability ranks. It is argued that all these distributions, including the central limit theorem, are outcomes of Planck’s law and are the result of the quantization of energy. This argumentation may be considered a physical origin of probability.

人工智能生成内容的著作权客体性思考——兼论作品判定的独创性标准选择

以基于转换器的生成式预训练模型(GPT)为代表的高阶人工智能凭借其强大的智能型内容生成机制,使得内容产品生产中的技术占比不断上升,人的直接投入占比相对下降,传统著作权法作品的独创性要求、权利人本原则等基本理论受到冲击。面对人工智能生成内容(AIGC)可作品性问题,基于自然人智力投入的创造性本质理论和闭合性作品概念显得力不从心。在过程视角下(主观标准),人工智能内容生成过程符合人类创作的思维特征;在结果视角下(客观标准),人工智能生成内容具有著作权作品的外观形式和信息消费功能,符合著作权作品的本质属性。如果人为割裂人工智能生成内容与著作权作品在产生过程和实质作用上的同质关系,强行区分人工智能生成内容和自然人创作作品的法律性质,则有悖著作权法因应技术发展调整信息消费品利益的制度旨趣,最终将导致著作权法律秩序的混乱。

Zipf定律在科里奥利加速度刺激心率动力学分析中的应用

采用Zipf定律建立科里奥利加速度刺激心率动力学分析方法,为前庭功能适应性训练中自主神经响应实时评估需求提供技术手段。25名男性志愿者完成了试验。试验1:转椅180°/s旋转下左右摆头2 min;试验2:转椅180°/s旋转下俯仰头动2 min,诱发加速度刺激。应用Zipf定律分析Polar表记录心率的动力学模式。研究表明:8种心率模式出现频率最高,2项试验的心率模式差异为0.27%±0.05%;相比中年组,青年组具有更明显的迷走神经响应模式(P<0.006);相比曾参训组(0.15%±0.03%),初期参训组2项试验心率模式差别增大(0.43%±0.10%),具有更明显的迷走神经响应模式(P<0.05),训练经验加速度刺激下对心率模式的影响超过年龄因素;运动病症状评分与体温变化量负相关(r=-0.459,P<0.007),而体温变化量与最常出现的3种心率模式发生率正相关(r=0.396~0.459,P<0.03)。应用Zipf定律的心率动力学分析可揭示加速度刺激相关生理规律,应用于前庭自主神经响应动态变化判断。

“双减”背景下校外培训机构的法治化监管

自“双减”政策出台以来,我国在义务教育阶段文化课校外培训机构监管方面取得了一定进展。但此类校外培训机构的监管仍存在各种问题,主要表现在对校外培训机构监管立法上存在欠缺、执法上监管合力不强等方面。为实现校外培训机构监管的法治化,对构建校外培训机构监管长效机制进行了研究。通过分析我国校外培训机构监管的现状,从促进监管部门有效承担监管职责、鼓励学校提升教学效果、引导家长塑造正确教育理念等方面提出了合理化建议。

涉外法治的理论促动

涉外法治不仅仅是立法、执法、司法、守法等实践领域的工作任务,它同样也是学术界的重要课题。良好的涉外法治理论解释有助于将涉外法治工作中的具体要求思考清楚、论述透彻。理论界的高水平总结归纳、分析论证不仅有助于人们对于涉外法治地位与意义充分认知、达成共识,而且有利于吸引更多高水平的人才投身于涉外法治的工作领域,在涉外立法、涉外执法、涉外司法等各个方向提升工作水平,深化涉外法治的服务和遵守情况。提升规划和参与设计施行涉外法治工作的能力,并且改进参与涉外法治的能力,从学术研究的角度积极推进现代化国家建设的进程,实现民族复兴的伟大事业。

中国式法治现代化与卫生健康法学教育的四个面向

中国式法治现代化是中国式现代化整体进程中的重要环节;提升卫生健康领域的法治化水平、强化发展卫生健康法学教育,是全面推进中国法治现代化的必然要求。当从四个面向(面向外部、面向国际、面向未来和面向内部)出发,围绕“立德树人、德法兼修”育人理念、“大卫生、大健康”价值理念、“新文科”教育理念和“数智化”素养理念四个方面,探索新时代德才兼备、医法融合的复合型高质量卫生健康法治人才培养的优化方案,以进一步丰富卫生健康法学教育研究的内容。

新时代年轻干部成长研究:现状与展望

建设一支贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想、符合新时期好干部标准、忠诚干净担当、数量充足、充满活力的高素质专业化年轻干部队伍,事关党的事业发展后继有人和国家长治久安。文章以年轻干部的相关政策文件和文献为基础,梳理了促进年轻干部成长的相关政策举措,并对年轻干部的成长规律进行了总结:干部能力素质必须符合中国特色社会主义伟大事业的发展需要;干部能力素质的提升是一个由量变到质变的发展过程,个人和组织都负有重要责任;理论学习是基础,实践锻炼是关键。从激励机制来看,应坚持激励与约束并重。然而,部分年轻干部的发展存在以下四点困境:佛系心态,为官不为;眼高手低,期望过高;价值观念偏差,公共服务动机缺失;培养机制缺位,干事创业热情不足。因此,要建立一个涵盖培养主体、选任理念、培养体系、管理机制的培养系统。未来要进一步推进对年轻干部的概念指向、成长规律、能力素质、方法论、战略需求导向这五方面的研究。

我国涉外法治人才培养的挑战和策略

在当前全球化和国际法律环境日益复杂的背景下,我国在国际事务中的角色变得更加重要。面对这一挑战,我国政府多次强调了涉外法治人才培养的重要性,旨在构建一个既通晓国际法律规则又能有效处理涉外法律事务的专业人才队伍。然而,当前涉外法治人才培养面临诸多问题,包括实践培养机制的不足、师资队伍实践能力的不足、培养理念的不明确,以及质量保障体系的不完善等。为应对这些挑战,文章提出了一系列解决策略:强化协同培养机制,提升教师队伍的实践能力,明确涉外法治人才培养的逻辑,并完善特色化的质量保障体系。这些措施旨在提升涉外法治人才的综合素质和实务能力,以更好地适应国际法律环境,并在全球法治事务中为我国赢得更大的影响力。

论新时代公安法治人才培养——基于习近平法治思想中的法学教育理论

习近平法治思想中的法学教育理论和习近平总书记关于新时代公安工作的一系列重要论述,为新时代公安法治人才培养提供了科学指引和根本遵循。其中的公安法治人才培养方向论、公安法治人才培养目标论、公安法治人才培养责任论、公安法治人才培养法学教育体系论、公安法治人才培养改革重点论,搭建起公安法治人才培养的系统理论。公安院校是公安法治人才培养的第一阵地,应当以“五论”为根本引领,着力培育德法兼修、明法笃行的高素质公安法治人才。