国际私法对“Public Law Taboo”的突破

在全球化时代,调整跨国民商事关系的国际私法中出现了一个较为显著的发展趋势——即国际私法开始突破＂公法禁忌（Public Law Taboo）＂,有关法庭在国际民商事案件中适用外国公法;若干国家的国际私法以及有关国际立法均肯定了外国公法在国际私法案件中的可适用性。

Empirical Test of Wagner＇s law in New Public Management Countries＇ Tax Revenue

The essence of empirical test of Wagner characteristic in new public management countries＇ tax revenue is to test the influence of economic growth on tax growth since new public management movement. Under IMF statistical framework, by using E-G two-step method in co-integration test and Granger causality test and empirically testing of the gross tax revenue and classified tax revenue in Australian, Canada, France, America, Britain these five countries, we can find that most indicators in most countries do not confirm to Wagner＇ s law. With the growth of GDP, tax revenue as a percentage of GDP rises periodically but not permanently. This period can be called the validity period of Wagner＇ s law in financial scale.

The Challenges of Water Pollution, Threat to Public Health, Flaws of Water Laws and Policies in Pakistan

In an era of unprecedented urbanization, population and industrial growth pressure is serious threat for the water management in Pakistan in present days. Water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff limited natural fresh water resources in the country. Human health is facing serious problems due to deteriorating drinking water quality. Current review paper provides an insight to the water quality problems in Pakistan with an attempt to emphasize the challenges of water laws enforcement. Although Pakistan has developed many water laws the state of implementation is dominant, intermediate pollution crises are still remaining. We could come to the conclusion that strictly enforcement is compulsory for water environment regulations in Pakistan. Moreover, it is necessary to establish a reliable risk assessment system for water quality, human health and ecological safety.

A Brief Analysis about the Public Property Attribute of the Fiscal and Taxation Law

From the date of birth, the fiscal and taxation law in China is always rooted in Chinese land, Chinese resources and aimed at solving Chinese problem.As a famous scholar on the fiscal and taxation law professor Jianwen liu once said： ＂the fiscal and taxation law is a very important law, it not only involves the entire country macro economic operation but also involves the interests of families and everyone＇s interests.＂This article will combine professor Jianwen Liu＇ s research results in the past two years, from the view of the field of law to discuss why the fiscal and taxation law known as public property.

Vietnamese State Budget Accounting With the Relationships Between the State Budget Law and International Public Sector Accounting Standards （IPSAS）＊ Pham Quang Huy University of Economics, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

For a long time, Vietnam has modifications in all aspects in the society. For many years, Vietnam has improved features in administrative works as well as in different areas, such as public administration, finance, and accounting In the accounting content, budget accounting is an important thing which is worth noting. However, along with the achievements, Vietnam is also facing a number of limitations to be overcome for ensuring transparency in the state budget. Since then, the main purpose of the article is to provide a general picture of budget accounting in Vietnam and what has not been done through finding the relationships with budget regulations and international public sector accounting. The results showed that Vietnam will transform and issue the new law on budget and build up a new model for controlling information published by data accounting system in the future.

Cosmopolitan Democracy and Democratic Public Law

Cosmopolitan democracy model is presented by David Held, beyond idealistic perspectives of left and right ideologies, mainly with a legal view, and found a global impact. As a prominent theorist in the field of democracy studies, David Held, by integrating the principle of autonomy in the model of constitutional democracy with the principle of participation in the model of participatory democracy, introduces a novel composition named ＂cosmopolitan democracy＂ that is a conception of democratic legal relations. Held is the first man who seeks to investigate democracy separated from the ideological models in relation to general human rights and identifies main areas of power in human life. He considers totally seven sets of rights necessarily enabling people to enjoy a free and equal participation in setting their communities. These rights include： right to health, welfare rights, cultural rights, civil rights, economic rights, political rights, and the right to enjoy a peaceful livelihood. Held＇s ultimate desire is to realize ideals of cosmopolitan democracy model in the global sphere, beyond the lessons of the West and the East. Through rethinking the theoretical and practical frameworks of this theory in today＇s world, the current paper seeks to study its role in reproducing democratic realism so that it would prepare the ground for the global consensus far from the ideal models.

The Criminal Law of Public Order as a Guardian of Public Interest in Terrorist Acts Scenario

Promotion of a model of the criminal law of public order represents an important point of reflection in criminal law doctrine. Public order, as a juridical good, has many predispositions to be exposed to criminal activity, and in this point of view, its special protection through criminal law norms constitutes a major concern of criminal legislation objectives. Criminal legislation （as a regulatory and modifying tool within society） is an intelligent social product It is a concrete expression of the important contribution of society in ensuring qualitative and quantitative relations of the model of public order. The latter finds expression as the object of a subjective right, which cannot be divided from the affirmation made by criminal legislation as a primary juridical good. In this context, the model of public order is associated with that of protection of general interest, in the subjective sense of the right to punish （ius puniendO, implemented by state authorities. In their universal meaning, all criminal offences in one way or another affect the normal functioning of public order, but terrorist acts can violate or impinge upon public order more closely and specifically. While affecting the designated model of public order, terrorist crimes put in question the architecture of the rule of law. In response to the mechanisms of terrorist offences, two main criminalization techniques are elaborated： （1） the classical technique of criminalization; and （2] the enumerative technique of criminalization. Criminal sanctions, by which the repression of this criminal vector is carried out, aim at ensuring not only the survival of human society, but also its cardinal values and interests, as well as the technical and scientific progress.

Public Welfare Crowdfunding in the Context of the ＂Charity Law＂

The formulation and promulgation of the ＂Charity Law＂ provides the legal basis for various forms of charitable activities, and also makes more and more commonweal activities go forward.And It also provides legal guidelines and direction for the increasingly active but ＂mixed＂ Internet public crowdfunding, and ensures smooth operation. Although the ＂Charity Law＂ still lacks certain aspects of public crowdfunding, it still outweighs its disadvantages and is Respected. Based on the relevant articles of the ＂Charity Law＂, this article elaborates on the ＂Charity Law＂ brought to public welfare crowdfunding from the main bodies of fund-raising, the flow of charity, charity donation and personal assistance.

Study on the Instability of Information Systems and Security Risks in the Public Administration: Case of Burkina Faso Public Administration

The purpose of this research is to show the instability and the security risks of the information system in Burkina-Faso public administration. In this paper, witnessing unsatisfactory services such as government messaging (mailer.gov.bf) as well as G-cloud services which are the government cloud were studied. The behavior of user agents on the administration’s IT infrastructures which could expose the information system to security risks was also studied. The expected result shows evidence of the weakness of the public administration information system and provides some recommendation.

Landmark Law Provides Equal Safeguards to Public,Private Property

Atier more than a quarter-century of market-oriented economic policies and unprecedented economic growths, China on March 15, 2007enacted its first law that provides equal legal safeguards to both public and private properties. The 247-article People＇s Republic of China Property Law, which is due to come into effect as of October 1, 2007, stipulates that ＂the property of the State, the collecfive, the individual and other obligees shall be protected by law, and no units or individuals may infringe upon it＂.

Public Security Penalties Law Respects, Protects Human Rights

On August 28, 2005, China＇s highest legislature adopted the Law on Penalties in Respect to Public Security Management （hereinafterrefen＇ed to as the Public Security Penalties Law for short）. The Law, adopted at the 17th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People＇s Congress, shall become effective for implementation on March 1, 2006 to replace the Regulations on Penalties in Respect to Public： Security Management （Herein after referred to as the Public Security Penalties Regulations for short） that has been in practice for 18 years.

Space Law Center of China National Space Administration Established

On December 23,2017,the Space Law Center of the China National Space Administration(hereafter SLC)was established in Beijing Institute of Technology during the 2017Space Law Seminar.Over 100 leaders and experts from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Meteorological Administration,State Oceanic Administration,

Public Accounting and IPSAS in Portugal： The Accounting Standardization System for Public Administrations

The Accounting Standardization System for Public Administrations （SNC-AP） was approved by Decree-Law No. 192/2015, of September 11 and constituted the new accounting system for public administrations in Portugal, which will take effect from January 1, 2017, although there were pilot entities that are already applying it in the year 2016. The reasons for the approval of these accounting regulations are presented in the approval diploma itself, the existence of a strong fragmentation and outdated accounting standardization for the public sector. This paper intends to analyze the public accounting reform in Portugal based on the SNC-AP and the impacts that it will determine in public institutions in terms of accounting in relation to the previous POC-P regime and sectoral plans as well as the resources involved in the Implementation. Likewise, it is intended to assess whether all public bodies subject to its adoption will proceed to its implementation on January 1, 2017, as planned. For this purpose, the data available on this subject will be used, in particular those of the Directorate-General for the Budget of the Ministry of Finance.

Change in Public Administration from the Perspective of Risk Society

In the context of risk society, public administration is facing more complex circumstances, which will inevitably call for an overall restructuring. In the dimension of circumstances, extreme disasters, transboundary crisis and emerging risks create the complex context of public administration. In the dimension of structure, the original structure of public administration still exists but its mode of operation is subject to change. In the meantime, the adaptation to complex scenarios of potential risk society will bring innovations to the structure of public administration so that the structure can develop from a hierarchical mode to a network mode on the whole. In the dimension of process, driven by shifts between order and chaos within the social system, public administration will also undergo frequent shifts between routine administration and emergency management. The core of public administration in the context of risk society is its emergency management, which needs to strike a balance between security and development at the value goal level. As to institutional design, emergency management should be characteristic of an all-hazards approach, multi-organization participation, whole-process management and overall adaptive management. Both the theory and the practice of public administration in China need to be reviewed to address challenges of risk society and explore a new approach that is suitable for China's political situation and can be included into our global risk society governance.

The Energy Performance in the Italian Public Administration： State of the Art and Future Prospects

The commitment to improve energy and environmental performance in public administration is essential for the success of development models geared towards lasting sustainability. The Public Administration （PA） in Italy, in particular, plays a key role to affn-m models of development oriented towards energy and environmental sustainability, thanks to a wider and more innovative vision. The PA has a dual consumer/user role, public heritage and decision maker/planner, in promoting energy efficiency at local level, in the light of specific problems and peculiarities. For several decades, initiatives have been launched at various levels to improve energy and environmental performance in the public administration. The aim of this study is to outline from a critical perspective, the state of the art of policy makers in Italy concerning energy efficiency measures in public administration. There are however many cultural, value-related, financial, technological, institutional, and operational issues in the PA sector that limit investments in energy efficiency. It should be noted that if on one hand the PA shows a lack of knowledge and is unwilling to adopt practices and systemic tools for monitoring and control, on the other, in terms of bureaucracy, the system appears to be far too complicated and costly. The multiple benefits linked to improved energy performance would therefore require that the PA rethink their organizational and functional models, put in place more flexible and less bureaucratic forms of management and a more dynamic, pervasive, and proactive approach towards initiatives that promote energy efficiency. The research is a contribution towards identifying the driving forces behind potential systems and tools for energy efficiency in the PA, highlighting both critical elements and opportunities and, in particular, the limits deriving from the technological, managerial, and organizational options available for energy eff^ciency enhancement in the sector of the Italian PA.

Administrative Law Studies policy based on public interest

From the aspect of administrative law to analyze the needs of the ＂public interest＂, evaluate the study of traditional administrative law definition of ＂public interest＂ extensive oversight and administrative mission and different levels of resistance, from the perspective of administrative policy on science policy the role of the administrative process of the formation of the special nature of administrative law, reflecting the interests of the mechanism of the modem state, the role of public opinion and how to grasp the meaning of the people said that other issues were discussed, in order to reveal the modem administrative law, research must pay attention to the value and benefits of diversification, the complexity of the method.

On the Circumstance Administration Commonweal Lawsuit System

In China,establishing institution of environmental administrative public interest litigation is necessary and of great importance.It is not only necessary for supervising law-based administration of administrative subjects,but also for preserving the ecological environment well,as well as being integrated with the international community.The key to establish China’s institution of environmental administrative public interest litigation to broaden the scope of accepting cases,extend the plaintiff qualification,and establish the prepositive procedure institution inevitable for administrative reconsideration,the compulsory lawyer agency institution,as well as the successful plaintiff incentive institution,and so on.

A Review and Critique of Discourse Mode of Public Administration Slogans——Based on the Study of Postmodern Public Administration Discourse Theory

Public administration slogans include oral and written slogans which made by governments at all levels according to the policy or administration under the propagation tasks. T he purpose is to enhance propaganda effects by repeating the same concepts and objectives. While the democratic awareness in public discourses is keep growing,there are some surveys on the quality of public administration slogans. In order to improve the quality of public administration slogans,governments in Anhui Province should organize professionals and pay closely attention to the guidance of policy before they sort,edit,produce and release public administration slogans.

Cyber Development of Government Service Platform in Social Public Administration

The cyber development of government service platform is just to integrate all the superiorities of the government to strengthen its roles such as service,performance and function to drive the social development actively.Hence,the social public administration will take this opportunity to optimize the cyber information service platform to make the civic administration oriented to the social development to maximize its functions of organization,coordination and service to protrude the ascendancy of the web era so as to lay a solid foundation for the leap development of the public administration.