Occupational burnout in nurses:a concept analysis

Objective:This paper aims to clarify the concept of occupational burnout(OB)as well as develop appropriate methods to relieve or prevent OB in the nursing profession.Methods:Walker and Avant's eight-step approach of concept analysis was applied.Results:OB was defined as a chronic form of work-related stress.Accurately,it was characterized by emotional exhaustion,depersonalization/cynicism,and reduced personal accomplishment/inefficacy.Antecedents of burnout included(a)demographic characteristics;(b)chronic exposure to work-related stressors;(c)quantitative and qualitative job demands;(d)lack of job resources;and(e)personality traits.Consequences involved(a)individual’s unfavorable quality of life;(b)negative impact on the organization;and(c)poor services quality.Although the Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI)is perceived as an ideal tool to measure burnout and hence,it is used worldwide,whether this instrument fits to measure this concept for nurses has still not yet been verified and thus further research is needed.Conclusions:By proposing a comprehensive definition of the concept,this analysis contributes to recognition of the process of OB of nurses.All nurses are vulnerable to OB.Hence,burnout in nursing needs to be recognized as a critical factor in the delivery of safe patient care.It proposes that the prevention of OB would be achieved through team communication training,mindfulness group,education,etc.

Proximity to corridors benefits bird communities in vegetated interrow vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina

Management under ecological schemes and increasing habitat heterogeneity,are essential for enhancing biodiversity in vineyards.Birds provide several contributions to agriculture,for example pest control,recreation and enhancing human mental health,and have intrinsic value.Birds are also ideal model organisms because they are easy to survey,and species respond differently to agricultural land use at different scales.Vegetated borders of crops are key for many species of birds,and distance to the border have been found to be an important factor in vineyard-dominated agroecosystems.We evaluate if there are differences in the bird assemblage,between the interior compared to borders within vineyards,using a hierarchical community occupancy model.We hypoth-esized that occupancy of birds is greater in environments with greater heterogeneity,which in this study was considered to be contributed by the proximity to vegetated corridors.We expected that vineyard borders close to corridors will have higher bird occupancy than the center of the vineyard.The research was conducted in three vineyards with biodiversity-friendly management practices,in Gualtallary,Mendoza,Argentina.Bird surveys were conducted over three breeding seasons from 2018 to 2020.Occupancy and richness of the bird community was more closely associated with the borders adjacent to the corridors than with the interior of the vineyards,as we initially predicted,although the assemblage of birds did not differ much.More than 75%of the registered species consume exclusively or partially invertebrates.Biodiversity-friendly management and ecological schemes,together with vegetated corridors provide multiple benefits for biodiversity conservation.These ap-proaches not only minimize the use of agrochemicals but also prioritize soil cover with spontaneous vegetation,which supports a diverse community of insectivorous bird species,potentially contributing to pest control.

基于AHP-DS异质数据融合的建筑空间占用感知算法

智慧建筑智能控制系统旨在优化建筑物的建筑空间舒适度及能源分配,近年来受到了广泛关注,而建筑空间占用信息对智慧建筑管理系统的决策具有重要作用。现有建筑空间占用感知方法尚未针对如何融合具有不确定性、冲突性的多源数据问题提出有效解决方案,基于此,本文将D-S证据理论引入建筑空间占用预测中,并构建了基于建筑空间占用检测的mass函数确保D-S证据理论在该应用中的性能。另外,本文引入层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)解决多源异构数据源间的冲突所导致的建筑空间占用误测的问题,以提升感知精准度和系统性能。

Influence of Blocking-Stressors on Post-90s Employees’ Occupational Mobility: The Chain Mediating Effect of Psychological Contracts and Negative Emotion

To clarify the mechanism of blocking-stressors,psychological contracts,and negative emotions on post-90s employees’occupational mobility,based on the literature study,a hypothetical model of the relationship was established.Using the blocking-stressor,psychological contract,negative emotion,and occupational mobility scales,317 post-90s employees were selected to investigate their status.It used correlation analysis and intermedi-ary effect tests to verify the hypothesis model.The results showed that:first,there were significant positive cor-relations between blocking-stressors,negative emotions,and occupational mobility,while indicating a significant negative correlation with the psychological contract;second,blocking-stressors can directly and significantly pre-dict occupational mobility;and third,blocking-stressors can indirectly affect occupational mobility through the mediating role of negative emotions and the chain-mediating role of psychological contracts and negative emo-tions.The effective intervention of blocking-stressors,psychological contracts,and negative emotions can reduce the rate of occupational mobility and provide some guidance for enterprises in making rational use of human resources.

Comparative Analysis between Community and Occupants’ Rating Systems for Sustainable Urban Communities (SUC)

Overpopulation globally is an addressed issue impacting human lives, marine lives, and the surrounding ecosystem;it is adding pressure on the available resources that should be optimized to suit the needs. Yet with improper management of resources and monitoring of daily activities, the environment will be further negatively impacted. With overpopulation higher urbanization rates are noticed with the demand of seeking better health facilities, better education, better jobs and better well-being;this progression is driving more demand into the infrastructure sector to be able to accommodate the growth rates. Hence, the need to having sustainable communities aiming at optimizing the resources used, working towards more feasible, environmentally friendly and cost-effective communities with a better occupant’s experience is in action. Sustainable development goals (SDG) are vital goals developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in 2015 to address and guide through 17 interconnected global goals serving the previously mentioned trend. Out of the 17 goals, Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal #11) and Good Health and Well-Being (goal #3) are the focus of this paper directed towards holding a comparative analysis between the community scale commonly known and mostly used rating system Leadership of Energy and Environmental Design (LEED-Cities and Communities) (USA) versus similar rating systems like Tarsheed-Communities (Egypt) and Estidama-Pearl (UAE) rating systems meeting sustainable development goal #11. Conjointly, another complimenting comparative review of the occupant’s health and wellbeing rating systems, such as Fitwel (USA) and Well (USA) are studied under sustainable development goal #3;however, they are focused on a building scale assessment. Living Community Challenge (LCC, USA) rating system linking community rating system with health & wellbeing credits was first issued in 2006, yet is it not cost effective neither easy to apply acting as a primary step while being affordable, accessible, and easy to implement. The objective of this paper is to highlight the pros and gaps under both categories of studies of community rating system and occupants’ health & wellbeing rating systems based on scientific content and commercial acceptance and do-ability. This comparison is done via comparing credits and sections within each rating system type;this will support in addressing the focal points needed for an integrated rating system between both categories that will serve in meeting SDG Sustainable Cities and Communities (goal #11) and Good Health and Well-Being (goal #3).

Lawyers' Role Greater in China's Legal System——A review of legal services in China over the past two decades

Lawyers play no small a role in improving China’s legal system, which comes along with the country’s endeavor to build a market-oriented economy and open to the outside world. Legal services provided by lawyers have virtually become available to all sectors of society since the country adopted the policy of reform and opening up in the late 1970s.

职业压力对律师心理健康状态的影响:自我调节疲劳的中介作用和健康素养的调节作用

背景 律师是压力较大的行业之一,然而国内关于律师职业压力的研究较少。既往研究表明律师职业压力、心理健康状态、自我调节疲劳、健康素养具有相关性,但缺乏对其相互作用机制的研究。目的 探讨职业压力对律师心理健康状态的影响及自我调节疲劳和健康素养的内在作用机制。方法 2022年5—6月采用方便取样法选取7家头部中资律所中的660位律师为研究对象。调查问卷包括自编人口学问卷、律师职业压力量表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自我调节疲劳量表(SRF-S)和全国居民健康素养监测快速评估调查问卷(HLSRAQ)。采用逐步回归法探讨自我调节疲劳在律师职业压力与心理健康状态间的中介作用,使用Bootstrap法检验自我调节疲劳的中介效应。采用PROCESS 3.4中的模型5探讨健康素养在律师职业压力与心理健康状态间的调节中介作用,使用Bootstrap法检验健康素养的调节中介效应,进一步进行简单斜率检验调节作用,并分析不同健康素养水平下职业压力对律师心理健康状态的影响。结果 回收有效问卷656份,有效回收率为99.39%。律师职业压力、SCL-90、SRF-S、HLSRAQ得分为(106.9±34.8)、39.0(15.0,84.0)、(39.4±10.0)、(13.9±3.7)分。逐步回归法最终结果显示,律师职业压力正向预测心理健康状态(β=0.36,t=13.40,P<0.01),自我调节疲劳正向预测心理健康状态(β=0.55,t=20.32,P<0.01);Bootstrap法结果显示律师职业压力对心理健康状态产生影响的总效应、间接效应和直接效应的95%CI均不包括0(P<0.01)。调节中介作用分析表明,律师职业压力与健康素养的乘积项对心理健康状态的预测作用有统计学意义(β=-0.02,t=-2.00,P<0.05),Bootstrap法结果显示律师职业压力对心理健康状态产生影响的间接效应的95%CI均不包括0(P<0.01);进一步简单斜率检验结果显示,不同健康素养水平下,律师职业压力对心理健康状态正向预测作用均有统计学意义(P<0.01);随着健康素养水平的提高,职业压力对心理健康状态的预测作用呈下降趋势(P<0.01)。结论 职业压力通过自我调节疲劳的中介作用对律师心理健康状态产生影响,律师健康素养在其中起调节作用。

基于IFCM-DEMATEL的海员职业健康与安全风险评价

针对海员工伤事故性质的特殊性和严重性,需全面评价分析其职业健康与安全(OHS)水平。从人-机-环-管4个方面识别相关影响因素,建立海员OHS风险评价指标体系;基于直觉模糊认知图(IFCM)和决策试验与评价试验法(DEMATEL)来建立OHS风险评价模型,综合考虑风险评价信息的不确定性和模糊性等特征;利用D-S证据理论来解决专家信息集成问题;通过IFCM模型推理得出定量数据和评价等级;采用DEMATEL筛选重要指标进行对策模拟,分析对策的效益,从而提出重要的针对性意见。算例分析结果表明:所提的模型具有较好的适用性,可为海员OHS风险管理提供参考建议。

中小学教师职业压力与职业倦怠相关性研究

教师职业压力和职业倦怠会降低教师的教学热情从而进一步影响教育质量的提升。通过对390名中小学教师的调查发现:中小学教师的职业压力位于中等偏高水平,其中社会背景和学业考试压力较高;职业倦怠属中等水平,其中情绪衰竭得分偏高,低成就感其次,去人性化倾向得分较低,三因子间存在两两显著差异;性别、年龄、任教学科和职称显著影响教师的职业倦怠;教师职业压力和职业倦怠各因子之间存在多种复杂的因果关系,各因子的影响程度和影响路径各不相同;社会背景对职业倦怠各因子的预测比较微弱,各因子对低成就感因子的影响比较微弱,职业发展是教师职业倦怠最重要的影响因素。为此要从积极回应教师职业发展诉求、推动教育共同体融合发展、优化学业评价标准和助力教师心理服务体系建设入手,着力改善中小学教师的职业压力和职业倦怠现状。

三氯乙烯对职业人群血浆中谷胱甘肽-S转移酶活性的影响

目的 探讨三氯乙烯(TCE)对职业人群血浆中谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)活性的影响。方法 选择51名接触TCE的 职业工人及不接触TCE的20人作为对照,通过问卷调查收集每人的一般情况和职业史等。按调查表格逐项进行问诊、全面 体格检查,尿中三氯乙酸(TCA)浓度和血浆中GST活性的测定。结果 接触组内男性比女性接触TCE的时间长(P<0.01) 尿中TCA的浓度小(P<0.05)。接触组中男性和女性的尿中TCA的浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。对测定结果按接触 TCE工龄或尿中TCA浓度进行多次分组,血浆中GST活性未发现有统计意义的变化。结论 TCE对职业接触人群的血浆中 GST活性未产生有统计意义的改变,因此我们认为血浆中GST活性不能作为TCE对人体损害的早期观察指标。至于接触更 长时间或更高TCE浓度是否会产生有统计意义的变化,需要我们作进一步的研究。

基于JSP技术的软件职业教育课外辅导平台的开发及应用

首先深入研究软件职业教育的特点,总结出课外辅导对于现今的软件职业教育至关重要,而现有的课外辅导方式存在着非常大的弊端。因此,文章旨在研究开发出一套软件职业教育的课外辅导平台系统,并投入使用,这样能够使学生在自己喜欢的辅导模式下被辅导,从而大大地提高课外辅导的效果。经过研究比较,系统采用B/S模式开发,开发语言选择了当今流行的JSP语言。

河湖库“清四乱”遥感监测系统设计与实现

围绕河湖库“清四乱”常态化、规范化总体要求,利用卫星遥感影像,设计并研发河湖库“清四乱”遥感监测系统,基于B/S和移动端架构,整合遥感监测、督查暗访、整改销号、考核评估等河湖库“清四乱”管理过程,实现“四乱”问题从发现到销号全过程管理,为河湖库监管提供了强有力的技术支撑。

基于B/S模式的职业院校教务管理系统的开发

随着校园网的普及,以Internet网络平台为依托,建立一个开放的,灵活的,现实的职业教育管理体制已成为必然趋势。本文通过介绍基于B/S结构的优点,结合职业院校教务工作的特点从总体设计、功能设计和系统运行平台三个方面来介绍实现职业院校教务管理系统的开发。

An analysis of contributing mining factors in coal workers’pneumoconiosis prevalence in the United States coal mines,1986-2018

In the United States,an unexpected and severe increase in coal miners’lung diseases in the late 1990s prompted researchers to investigate the causes of the disease resurgence.This study aims to scrutinize the effects of various mining parameters,including coal rank,mine size,mine operation type,coal seam height,and geographical location on the prevalence of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis(CWP)in surface and underground coal mines.A comprehensive dataset was created using the U.S.Mine Safety and Health Administration(MSHA)Employment and Accident/Injury databases.The information was merged based on the mine ID by utilizing SQL data management software.A total number of 123,589 mine-year observations were included in the statistical analysis.Generalized Estimating Equation(GEE)model was used to conduct a statistical analysis on a total of 29,707,and 32,643 mine-year observations for underground and surface coal mines,respectively.The results of the econometrics approach revealed that coal workers in underground coal mines are at a greater risk of CWP comparing to those of surface coal operations.Furthermore,underground coal mines in the Appalachia and Interior regions are at a higher risk of CWP prevalence than the Western region.Surface coal mines in the Appalachian coal region are more likely to CWP development than miners in the Western region.The analysis also indicated that coal workers working in smaller mines are more vulnerable to CWP than those in large mine sizes.Furthermore,coal workers in thin-seam underground mine operations are more likely to develop CWP.

基于SSM框架的律师工作平台

随着时代的高速发展,律师业务展现出规模化、专业化发展趋势,这也对律师业务工作的管理提出了现代化的要求。但是一般情况下,每名律师的手中有多个互不相关的案件,他们之间不易沟通,而办案过程中的原始证据以及产生的文本资料十分繁多,不便管理。为解决这一问题,对律师工作平台做出了研究,采用以案件为核心的律师业务的管理工作,把具体案件中每个流程中的文本资料进行了分类存储。基于SSM框架,采用B/S架构,以及前端中的JSP和HTML技术,使律师用户可通过这一工作平台进行工作,做到把握案件流程整体、精通文本资料细节的要求。

From Rhode Island to Bavaria:Launch and Sinking of the Group 47’s Founders

In 1946,after a two-year imprisonment in Rhode Island,Alfred Andersch and Werner Richter(Group 47’s future founders)came back to Germany as selected German citizens as a result of their cooperation with the American military authorities.In a short time,Andersch and Richter obtained a publishing license for their newspaper and so they started to act as journalists and writers within the U.S.zone of occupation.Nevertheless,American consideration and support for both of them vanished when they assumed autonomous stances concerning the future of Germany.

Differences in Male Climacteric Symptoms and Lifestyle Depending on the Duration of Working among Rotating Night Shift Workers

Background: There are various health problems in rotating shift workers. There have been few studies on the associations of male climacteric symptoms with duration of working and lifestyle. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the differences in male climacteric symptoms depending on the number of working years and to determine whether lifestyle habits differ depending on the number of working years in rotating shift workers. Methods: We collected participant’s data from the manufacturing companies in Japan during the period from March to May in 2017. We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey in 1561 male rotating night shift workers. Male climacteric symptoms were evaluated by using the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) rating scale. We analyzed 636 rotating shift workers aged over 40 years old whose all AMS data was collected. Results: A significant difference in psychological AMS score was found between men who had worked for 10 - 19 years (9.4 ± 3.9) and men who had worked for more than 40 years (7.6 ± 3.0) (p = 0.011). Sexual functional AMS score significantly differed depending on the number of working years (less than 10 years: 8.1 ± 3.9, 10 - 19 years: 9.8 ± 4.1, 20 - 29 years: 7.9 ± 3.3, 30 - 39 years: 9.3 ± 3.5, more than 40 years: 9.3 ± 3.5) (p < 0.001). The proportion of workers with a balanced meal intake was significantly lower in men who had worked for less than 10 years and the proportions of such workers were significantly higher in men who had worked for 10 - 19 years and for more than 40 years. The proportions of men who did not drink alcohol were high in men who had worked for less than 10 years and 20 - 29 years and low in men who had worked more than 30 years. Conclusion: Psychological AMS score and sexual functional AMS score are significantly different among the 5 groups according to the number of working years on rotating shift. In addition, well-balanced diet on day shift and reduction of alcohol drinking is a related-factor for long-term rotating night shift workers.

Historical Analogy： Japan＇s Road Toward War and Japan＇s Postwar Road

In 1931, Japan launched the Sept. 18th attack against China. Ever since, there have been many different views over the origin of Japan＇s road toward war, which mostly concern with Japan＇s land policy. This paper holds that Japan＇s land policy was an evolving one and it transformed along the change of its supporters and implementers during different stages. It is mostly a contention about the different strategies on Manchuria and Mongol; the northward or the southward advance faction; the orientations of the radical military occupation or the moderate economic occupation. Interestingly, the development of Japan＇s postwar policy toward China, especially in the recent years, resembles the evolvement of Japan＇s land policy in the 19th century. They both show tendency from the economic effort to the military activity.

The Treaty of San Francisco From the Perspective of International Peace Movements in Early Twentieth-Century America

The leaders of the Meiji Restoration believed in their master, Yoshida Shoin （吉田松陰）, who claimed that in order for the islands of Japan not to be a colony of the powerful Western states, Japan had to conquer nearby countries. This led to Japan’s invasion of the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Korea, and Manchuria, which ultimately led to the Manchurian Incident of 1931, the Sino-Japanese War, and the Pacific War. Surprisingly, the subject and the timing of each and every one of these acts of war were in the same order of Yoshida Shoin’s proposal on preoccupancy. The Sino-Japanese war of 1894 was romanticized as clearing the barbaric culture by civilization, and the Russo-Japanese war of 1904 was romanticized as the realization of Eastern Peace. However, Japanese policies of aggressions were first deemed illegal by international law during the 1931 Manchurian Incident by the investigations of the League of Nations. The Japanese Empire received the recommendation by the League of Nations to restore to original state, but declined and exited from the League of Nations. Following their exit, they started the Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War and eventually lost in 1945. The goal of the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 was to punish Japan’s aggressions. However, as the Cold War between the East and the West started to arise in 1948, the punishment was eased, and their punishment for the aggressions on the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, and Korea was nearly unasked for. This paper examines the issues of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in the views of the international law of the League of Nations, established by Manley O. Hudson of Harvard University and others in U.S. academia and judiciary.