Three-Dimensional Simulations of RESET Operation in Phase-Change Random Access Memory with Blade-Type Like Phase Change Layer by Finite Element Modeling

An optimized device structure for reducing the RESET current of phase-change random access memory （PCRAM） with blade-type like （BTL） phase change layer is proposed. The electrical thermal analysis of the BTL cell and the blade heater contactor structure by three-dimensional finite element modeling are compared with each other during RESET operation. The simulation results show that the programming region of the phase change layer in the BTL cell is much smaller, and thermal electrical distributions of the BTL cell are more concentrated on the TiN/GST interface. The results indicate that the BTL cell has the superiorities of increasing the heating efficiency, decreasing the power consumption and reducing the RESET current from 0.67mA to 0.32mA. Therefore, the BTL cell will be appropriate for high performance PCRAM device with lower power consumption and lower RESET current.

The Effect of Varied Dietary Crude Protein Levels with Balanced Amino Acids on Performance and Egg Quality Characteristics of Layers at First Laying Phase

Four diets were formulated to study the influence of varying crude protein levels on the performance, egg quality, serum and haematological characteristics at the first phase of laying cycle of sixty Bovan Nera laying birds that were randomly allotted to dietary treatments. The four experimental diets had five replicates each and three birds per repli-cate. Diet 1 contained 14% crude protein (CP), while diet 2 contained 15% CP, diets 3 and 4 contained 16% and 17% CP respectively. The experimental birds were fed for 10 weeks and the data collected were statistically analysed. Apparent variations recorded for all the performance characteristics such as Egg number, Hen-day production, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and weight gain were significantly different (p < 0.05). The best FCR value were recorded by birds fed 17% CP (3.45), while the highest weight gain mean value were also recorded by birds fed 17% CP value. Findings indicated a direct relationship between dietary crude protein values and performance.

Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction-thin layer chromatography with solid-phase extraction-high-performance thin layer chromatography in detection of urinary morphine

Liquid-liquid extraction-thin layer chromatography （LLE-TLC） has been a common and routine combined method for detection of drugs in biological materials. Solid-phase extraction （SPE） is gradually replacing the tra- ditional LLE method. High performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC） has several advantages over TLC. The present work studied the higher efficiency of a new SPE-HPTLC method over that of a routine LLE-TLC method, in extraction and detection of urinary morphine. Fifty-eight urine samples, primarily identified as mor- phine-positive samples by a strip test, ＇were re-screened by LLE-TLC and SPE-HPTLC. The results of LLE-TLC and SPE-HPTLC were then compared with each other. The results showed that the SPE-HPTLC detected 74% of total samples as morphine-positive samples whereas the LLE-TLC detected 48% of the same samples. We further discussed the effect of codeine abuse on TLC analysis of urinary morphine. Regarding the importance of morphine detection in urine, the present combined SPE-HPTLC method is suggested as a replacement method for detection of urinary morphine by many reference laboratories.

Layered buserite Mg-Mn oxide cathode for aqueous rechargeable Mg-ion battery

Owing to the features(high safety,inexpensive and environmental friendliness)of aqueous rechargeable Mg-ion batteries(ARMIBs),they have drawn extensive attention in the future energy storage systems.However,the poor Mg^(2+)migration kinetics during the Mg^(2+)intercalation/extraction still hinders the progress of developing suitable cathode materials.Herein,a layered buserite Mg-Mn oxide(MMO)material with large interlayer space(~9.70A)and low-crystalline structure is studied as a high-performance cathode in ARMIBs.Compared with the counterpart,the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics of the MMO cathode can be enhanced by its unique structure(bigger interlayer spacing and low-crystalline structure).The layered buserite MMO as a high-performance ARMIBs cathode exhibits high Mg storage capacity(50 mAg^(-1):169.3 mAh g^(-1)),excellent rate capability(1000 mAg^(-1):98.3 mAh g^(-1)),and fast Mg^(2+)migration(an average diffusion coefficient:~4.21×10-^(10)cm^(2)s^(-1))in 0.5 M MgCl_(2)aqueous electrolyte.Moreover,the MMO-1//AC full battery achieved a high discharge capacity(100 mAg^(-1):111 mAh g^(-1)),and an ignored fading over 5000 cycles(1000 mAg^(-1)).Therefore,layered Mg-Mn oxide with large interlayer space may break a new path to develop the promising ARMIBs.

Properties of Phase Transformation of Ferroelectric Thin Films with Surface Layers

Using the generalized Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire theory, the characteristics of phase transformation of a ferroelectric thin film with surface layers are investigated. We study the effect of the surface layer on the properties (coercive field, critical thickness) of a ferroelectric thin film. Our theoretical results show that the surface layer is likely to answer for the emergence of phase transformation.

STUDY ON THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE BISMUTH(III) BY THIN-LAYER RESIN PHASE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

In this paper, a new thin-layer ion-exchange resin phase analytical method is introduced. It is based on that, the bismuthous cation can associate with iodic anions, so as to formed an anion complex [BiI4-] in a strong acidic environments. This anion complex can also exchanges with a weaker anions on the surface active site of anion exchange resin, so that a [R+] [BiI4-] solid phase binary associational system is produced. Owing to the solid system is a great many dispersive particulates, it can be pressed to a thin-layer by press tools of the so called 搕hin-layer resin phase?or 搑esin phase? and using this solid association system spectrophotometry for the determination of trace metals. So it can increase the analytical sensitivity. This association system exhibits maximum absorbance at 460nm, and obeys Beer抯 law over the concentration range 0.01ug/ml^1.20ug/ml of bismuthous(III). It has a molar absorptivity of 7.1×105 [L/mol穋m]. It indicated the resin phase spectrophotometry is a sensitive analytical method for trace bismuthous. It is 18 times higher than routine aqueous spectrophotometry. The relative standard deviations is 1.82% (n=6) for the measurements of 0.5ug/ml Bi(III). The detection limit of Bismuthous(III) is 1.4×10-8mol/L. The method has applied to the analysis Bi(III) in environmental water samples.

STUDY ON DETERMINATION OF TRACE Fe BY Fe(Ⅱ)-VA THIN LAYER RESIN PHASE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

A new method for the determination of Fe by thin layer resin phase spectrophotometry in alkali condition was reported. The complex anion formed by Fe(II) and VA was absorbed on the 717# resin and Fe was determined by making thin layer. This method had a high sensitivity (ε620= 3.0×105L/mol·cm), which was 15 times higher than that of liquid phase spectrophotometry. It had been proved a satisfactory precision (5.0μg Fe, n=6, RSD=1.8%). The trace Fe in natural water was determined and the recovery was 97%.

Tuning the phase separation in La_(0.325)Pr_(0.3)Ca_(0.375)MnO_3 using the electric double-layer field effect

Electric double-layer field effect experiments were performed on ultrathin films of La0.325Pr0.3Ca0.375MnO3, which is noted for its micrometer-scale phase separation. A clear change of resistance up to 220% was observed and the characteristic metal-insulator transition temperature Tp was also shifted. The changes of both the resistance and Tp, suggest that the electric field induced not only tuning of the carrier density but also rebalancing of the phase separation states. The change of the charge-ordered insulating phase fraction was estimated to be temperature dependent, and a maximum of 16% was achieved in the phase separation regime. This tuning effect was partially irreversible, which might be due to an oxygen vacancy migration that is driven by the huge applied electric field.

AN IMPLICIT ALGORITHM OF THIN LAYER EQUATIONS IN VISCOUS，TRANSONIC，TWO－PHASE NOZZLE FLOW

Omitting viscosity along flow direction, we have simplified the dimensionless N-Sequations in arbitrary curved coordinate system as the thin layer equations. Using theimplicit approximate-factorization algorithm to solve the gas-phase governing equ-ations and the characteristic method to follow the tracks of particles, we then obtainedthe full coupled numerical method of two-phase.transonic, turbulent flow. Here, par- ticle size may be grouped, the subsonic boundary condition at entry of nozzle is ireatedby quasi-characteristic method in reference plane and the algebraic model is used forturbulent flow. These methods are applied in viscous two-phase flow. calculation of ro-cket nozzle and in the prediciton of thrust and specific impulse for solid propellant ro-cket motor. The calculation results are in good agreement with the measurerment va-lues. Moreover, the influences of different particle radius, different particle mass frac-tion and particle size grouped on flow field have been discussed, and the influences of particle two-dimensional radial velosity component and viscosity on specific impulse ofrocket motor have been analysed.The method of this paper possesses the advantage of saving computer time. More important, the effect is more obvious for the calculation of particle size being grouped.

Effect of Phase Change Materials on the Thermal Protective Performance of the Multi-layered Fabrics Examined by TPP Tester under Flash Fire

Cotton fabrics treated with phase change materials( PCMs)were used in multi-layered fabrics of the fire fighter protective clothing to study its effect on thermal protection. The thermal protective performance( TPP) of the multi-layered fabrics was measured by a TPP tester under flash fire. Results showed that the utilization of the PCM fabrics improved the thermal protective performance of the multi-layered fabrics. The fabric with a PCM add on of 41. 9% increased the thermal protection by 50. 6% and reduced the time to reach a second degree burn by 8. 4 s compared with the reference fabrics( without PCMs). The employment of the PCM fabrics also reduced the blackened areas on the inner layers. The PCM fabrics with higher PCM melting temperature could bring higher thermal protective performance.

Comparison of Isobaric and Non-isobaric Operations on a Two-Phase Dynamic Model for PEFC Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer

Two 1-D dynamical and isothermal models of cathode gas diffusion layer(GDL) with isobaric and non-isobaric operations for polymer electrolyte fuel cells(PEFCs) were developed and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics v3.5.The artificial diffusion coefficient was introduced as well to make the numerical computation be stable.In the non-isobaric model,the pressure of gas mixture was obtained by summing up the governing equations of gaseous components,instead of Navier-Stoks equation.Comparison of the two models were carried out with the steady-states and dynamical simulations under given conditions.The corresponding analysis based on the simulated results was also given simultaneously.This paper is contributed to finding the differences between the isobaric and non-isobaric operation in the two-phase model of cathode GDL.

贵州威宁对流单体雷达回波分层结构特征分析

本文选取了2017—2020年威宁县111个对流单体(35个冰雹云单体和76个雷雨云单体),着重分析了对流单体雷达回波在垂直指向上的分层结构特征,并结合双偏振雷达观测分析了对流云单体偏振参量和水凝物相态分布特征。研究分析结果表明:①威宁对流单体雷达回波典型特征量基本一致,对流单体生命史周期约为100 min,最大反射率因子主要位于与0℃层高度差±2.0 km的范围内;②当对流单体雷达回波强度从45 dBz发展到55 dBz以上时,冰雹云具有发展迅速且持续时间长的特点,冰雹大小则与强回波在融化层高度以上的扩展高度存在一定的对应关系,高度越高、冰雹越大;③X波段双偏振天气雷达能够较好地反映降水粒子类型,基本符合粒子形状、大小和相态分布的特点,但应考虑降水相态粒子处于临界过渡区域的转化特点;④威宁多小冰雹主要与垂直风切变较弱、对流有效位能CAPE值不稳定能量偏低,且中小冰雹在下落过程中逐渐融化变小有关。

准噶尔盆地沙湾凹陷二叠系上乌尔禾组流体相态及油气藏类型

准噶尔盆地腹部地区沙湾凹陷超深层蕴含丰富的油气资源。根据烃源岩热演化模拟实验分析了沙湾凹陷二叠系上乌尔禾组烃源岩生烃产物类型,结合地层流体高温高压物性实验数据,运用相图判别法和经验参数法对沙湾凹陷征10井地层流体相态进行深入研究。研究结果表明:①沙湾凹陷征10井上乌尔禾组油气主要来自于下乌尔禾组泥质烃源岩,其有机质类型为Ⅱ1型,镜质体反射率(Ro)为1.05%~1.46%,岩石热解峰温(T_(max))为433~446℃,处于成熟—高成熟演化阶段,目前处于生轻质油阶段。②上乌尔禾组地层流体成分表现为凝析气藏的流体组成,地层温度为166.0℃,介于临界温度和临界凝析温度之间,地层压力为155MPa,远高于露点压力,地-露压差大,表明地层条件下流体呈凝析气相特征,但地下油气相态与地表采出流体相态具有一定差异。相图判别法和经验参数法烃类流体相态分析结果均显示,征10井上乌尔禾组气藏为含大油环的凝析气藏。③沙湾凹陷上乌尔禾组具有优越的成藏条件,紧邻下乌尔禾组烃源岩,油气近源垂向输导,向局部隆起区运聚,巨厚的三叠系及上乌尔禾组中上部区域盖层起到重要的封盖作用,最终在局部隆起区形成岩性-构造凝析气藏。

双层定型相变墙体在合肥地区传热特性的数值模拟

为探究双层相变墙体所使用的相变材料在不同季节下的相变表现,以合肥地区夏、冬两季室外温度数据为背景,基于Fluent焓-孔隙率法,对普通墙体和双层相变墙体的传热过程进行仿真计算。结果表明,在夏季工况下,外相变板的相变温度为36℃的相变墙体综合表现更好,墙体内表面热流密度与普通墙体相比降低了20.53%,平均延迟时间约为普通墙体的1.8倍。在冬季工况下,内相变板的相变温度为14℃的相变墙体内表面温度波幅较平缓,墙体内表面热流密度与普通墙体相比降低了16.25%,它的衰减倍数约为普通墙体的1.2倍。在合肥地区,使用相变温度为36℃的外相变层和相变温度为14℃的内相变层的墙体在制冷、采暖期单位面积可降低热/冷负荷分别为1.86 W、3.75 W,该种墙体具有很好的节能效果和经济效益。

四方相纳米钛酸钡粉体的制备及性能研究

在传统固相法制备四方相纳米钛酸钡粉体中,碳酸钡前驱体的分散性与粒径对所得钛酸钡的形貌、粒径以及介电性能起重要作用。本研究以氢氧化钡与干冰为原料,通过控制氢氧化钡的浓度,制备了碳酸钡粉体,然后以此为原料,制备了钛酸钡粉体和陶瓷,并研究了钛酸钡陶瓷的介电性能。结果表明:本研究制得粒径为180 nm的短棒状碳酸钡粉体,和粒径为400 nm的高分散、高均匀、纯四方相的钛酸钡粉体。在1250℃下煅烧制得钛酸钡陶瓷,其介电常数为4885,介质损耗因数为0.0189。

矩形喷管出口宽高比对流场与声场的影响

为探究矩形喷管出口宽高比对喷流流场和声场的影响规律,采用DES/FW–H混合算法对出口宽高比为3和1.5的矩形喷管超声速完全膨胀喷流开展研究,分析出口宽高比对喷流流动与噪声的影响。针对多个流场变量进行对比分析,以验证数值模拟方法的可行性,发现喷管出口宽高比不同,靠近出口内壁面上的压力变化也有所不同:喷管出口宽高比越大,压力变化越快。结合已有噪声实验数据和计算数据,验证了噪声模拟的准确性。对不同出口宽高比下剪切层厚度的变化进行了分析,研究了这种变化对喷流噪声的影响,发现随着宽高比增大,剪切层厚度增大,且剪切层快速扩张位置和高频噪声源位置向上游方向移动。对比了不同宽高比下出口唇线上特定频率噪声的相速度,研究发现:喷管宽高比不同,同样频率的近场噪声有着不同的相速度,这决定了近场噪声向下游传播的最大角度;相速度对应的马赫角越大,近场噪声向下游传播的最大角度越大;宽高比增大,长轴唇线上的相速度显著降低,近场噪声向下游的辐射角度减小。

基于混合相位的多平面全息显示

在计算全息术中,基于层析法实现多平面全息显示是最常用的方法之一。针对层析法中多个平面之间存在串扰的问题,本文结合随机相位和二次相位的优点,提出了一种基于混合相位的多平面全息显示方法。首先,选择合适的权重因子生成混合相位代替随机相位作为初始相位。利用迭代傅里叶变换算法进行迭代后,将获得的每个子全息图与具有不同重建距离的菲涅尔波带片叠加,接着将每个全息图以复振幅叠加,获取相位后得到纯相位全息图,从而将分层图像重构于指定的平面上。利用硅基液晶空间光调制器搭建多平面全息显示系统开展了相关的光学实验。实验结果表明,与基于随机相位的方法相比,本文方法提高了结构相似性参数(最高可达4.6%),减弱了多个全息重构平面之间的串扰,提高了多平面全息显示的再现质量。

天然气水合物固态流化开采井筒多相流动模型

为了研究水合物浆体输送过程中水合物分解规律与井筒多相流动特征,基于气-液-固三相的质量、动量和能量守恒方程,考虑水合物分解引起的相间传热和传质,结合双层连续管开采水合物的工艺特点,建立了水合物相变条件下全瞬态非等温气-液-固多相流动模型。基于MWD实测温度数据对模型的准确性进行了验证。利用模型分析了水合物浆体输送过程中,井筒温度、井筒压力、水合物分解速率与各相体积分数随开采时间变化的规律。模拟结果表明:在开采前2 h内,水合物分解速率较为缓慢,管内各相体积分数变化较小;随着开采时间的延长,管内各相体积分数发生显著变化;在开采约5 h后达到稳定状态,此时井口气相体积分数约为40%;此外,在井下举升泵位置处,固-液相体积分数均发生显著突变。研究结果对深入了解水合物开发过程中的多相流动规律具有一定的参考价值,有助于水合物开采技术的进一步发展。