Studying History Education of High School in Taiwan by Causal Layered Analysis

After the 21st century,high school history learning will focus on teachers promoting the twelve-year state education.In recent years,in line with the changes in the new 108-year social curriculum,supporting strategies have been proposed:such as literacy orientation,inquiry and practice,learning process archives,and the structural direction of the controversial Chinese history into East Asian history.Historical learning has indeed had a great impact on the people’s national spiritual education and the development of historical consciousness in Taiwan’s education policy.This is the reason Taiwan’s Ministry of Education strives to improve students’historical literacy and connotation application abilities.When developing a learning policy,both external and internal learning factors need to be considered.The external aspect deals with the reasons for learning:Is learning for the purpose of using or accumulating historical wisdom in daily life to learn from the past and the present,on the other hand,to test the content of the course and the degree of absorption;or is it specifically for exams or other enlightenment purposes.The internal aspect involves those most affected by the policy:students and teachers.After studying and observing high school history learning policies for decades,some alternative future visions for history learning were found in the method of reflection on future research-the conclusion is that history is interestingly revitalized,and the preferred future is thematic history.According to the famous futurology scholar Sohail Inayatuallah’s proposal:the causal layering model.It helps understand how Taiwan’s historical policies operate.And how teachers and students on the front line respond to changes and take future actions.The key is to change the future:in the process of building an alternative future,whether the internal and external mix has changed or whether you want to try new things and expand your horizons.In fact,the difficulty of teaching lies in students’cooperation and conscious learning.Therefore,in the analysis of learning through alternative futures,is it possible to distinguish between internal and external situations and methods such as:1.Internal:Is education centered on teachers?Or is it student-centered?2.External:Does the Ministry of Education prioritize testing,or encourage teachers to adopt interactive communication and integrate education into the curriculum?Therefore,what is the function and inspiration of studying high school history and life?If thematic history teaching is used:teachers can use thematic learning methods to help students focus on causal relationships,the causes of turning points,or the evolution process of the beginning and end of events.This is more advantageous for testing based on the application topic,and it is easy to test how much understanding and understanding of history?Has an activating effect.By studying history in high school,using the“CLA(Causal layered analysis)”method of future studies,you can enter the stage of worldview exploration with the goal of improving professional depth and emotional level,and use it in your own understanding and utilization of history.Based on research,some insights into the prospects and thinking of learning history in high schools are provided:1.Facing the impact of declining birthrate,Taiwan needs a macro perspective to improve its future competitiveness and look forward to a new perspective on world history,using futuristic cause-and-effect level analysis to combine world changes with daily life applications.2.The study of history in high schools should go into a systematic construction:understand its cause-and-effect relationships and global trends,so teachers play a professional and future role in controlling the use of new information and technology.3.In the future,humans may develop more“intelligent”needs.As a reference from history or to explore the preferred path for the future,there will also be a greater need to innovate and meet challenges.4.Studying high school history has entered the professional field.Through self-exploration,it can be transformed into life affairs and establish the concept and value of lifelong learning.5.In studying the“history of high school learning”,have new prospects for the future of education.Through professional knowledge such as“trend theory and causal hierarchy analysis”of futurology,pursue new horizons and visions,making future education full of hope and possibility.

Ultrasonic testing and microscopic analysis on concrete under sulfate attack and cyclic environment

The damage process of concrete exposed to sodium sulfate attack and drying-wetting cycles was investigated. The water to binder(W/B) ratio and the concentration of sulfate solution were taken as variable parameters. Through the experiment, visual change, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity(RDME) and the surface damage layer thickness of concrete were measured.Furthermore, SEM and thermal analysis were used to investigate the changing of microstructure and corrosion products of concrete.The test results show that the ultrasonic velocity is related to the damage layer of concrete. It approves that an increase in damage layer thickness reduces the compactness and the ultrasonic velocity. The deterioration degree of concrete could be estimated effectively by measuring the surface damage layer and the RDME of concrete. It is also found that the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some gypsum is checked only after a certain corrosion extent. When the concrete is with high W/B ratio or exposed to high concentration of sulfate solution, the content of ettringite first increases and then decreases with corrosion time. However, the content of gypsum increases at a steady rate. The content of corrosion products does not correspond well with the observations of RDME change, and extensive amount of corrosion products can be formed before obvious damage occurs.

Mode-based equivalent multi-degree-of-freedom system for one-dimensional viscoelastic response analysis of layered soil deposit

Discrete models such as the lumped parameter model and the finite element model are widely used in the solution of soil amplification of earthquakes. However, neither of the models will accurately estimate the natural frequencies of soil deposit, nor simulate a damping of frequency independence. This research develops a new discrete model for onedimensional viscoelastic response analysis of layered soil deposit based on the mode equivalence method. The new discrete model is a one-dimensional equivalent multi-degree-of-freedom（MDOF） system characterized by a series of concentrated masses, springs and dashpots with a special configuration. The dynamic response of the equivalent MDOF system is analytically derived and the physical parameters are formulated in terms of modal properties. The equivalent MDOF system is verified through a comparison of amplification functions with the available theoretical solutions. The appropriate number of degrees of freedom（DOFs） in the equivalent MDOF system is estimated. A comparative study of the equivalent MDOF system with the existing discrete models is performed. It is shown that the proposed equivalent MDOF system can exactly present the natural frequencies and the hysteretic damping of soil deposits and provide more accurate results with fewer DOFs.

Lie group analysis for thermophoretic and radiative augmentation of heat and mass transfer in a Brinkman-Darcy flow over a flat surface with heat generation

A boundary layer analysis is presented to investigate numerically the effects of radiation, thermophoresis and the dimensionless heat generation or absorption on hydromagnetic flow with heat and mass transfer over a flat surface in a porous medium. The boundary layer equations are transformed to non-linear ordinary differential equations using scaling group of transformations and they are solved numerically by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique for some values of physical parameters. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and the results are found to be in very good agreement. Many results are obtained and a representative set is displayed graphically to illustrate the influence of the various parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient, wall heat transfer, particle deposition rate and wall thermophoretic deposition velocity. The results show that the magnetic field induces acceleration of the flow, rather than deceleration （as in classical magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） boundary layer flow） but to reduce temperature and increase concentration of particles in boundary layer. Also, there is a strong dependency of the concentration in the boundary layer on both the Schmidt number and mass transfer parameter.

Analysis of Packet Sending and Receiving by Layer 3 Ethernet Switch CPU

Designing an Ethernet switch that can assure normal interaction of protocol packets between switches in a network environment of massive traffic is an important matter. Taking the L3 Ethernet switch based on Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) as an example,this article analyzes several typical issues about packet receiving and sending by the CPU in a multi-progress environment,including CPU load,software and hardware queue settings,and communication mechanism between CPU and the switch chip. This article gives solutions to these issues mentioned above. The solutions are applicable to Network Processor (NP) issues as well.

An Analysis of the Turbulent Structure in the Unstable Surface Layer nearby a Shelter Belt

An analysis was performed of the turbulent data obtained from Yucheng experimental station in the Shandong Province in 1984. [t is shown that at variant wind speed, the spectra of streamwise velocity remain similar and the intensity of wind fluctuations is proportional to wind speed in the downwind area of shelter belt. Therefore, we may decide the similarity of wind fluctuations by a speed scale and a length scale which is not correlated with stability, σu /V0 = F(X / H). The -5/3 power range of temperature spectra extends to lower frequency. The variation of ratio σ0 /T. with stability becomes σ0 / T . = C(X / H)( - Z / L)-1/3 . There is not such an extension of -5 / 3 power range in the humidity spectra.

Construction and Application of Combined Evaluation Model of Regional Water Quality Plan

[Objective] The aim was to study the construction and application of combined evaluation model of regional water quality plan. [Meth- od] By dint of layer analysis, subjective and objective model of entropy evaluation, the water quality plan in Jinghe was evaluated. Combined evalu- ation model based on information entropy were constructed, and considering the single model evaluation result, the optimal water quality plan was selected. [ Result] The combination weight result suggested that COD amount was the most essential indicator in water quality plan and embodied the importance of water environment protection, which met basic objective of environment protection and social, economic effects. Combined evalu- ation indicated that in the sixteen plans, plan 16 was of highest comprehensive evaluation value, and can be considered as optimum water quality plan. [ Conclusion] Combined evaluation model can effectively list the advantages of each evaluation model and improve the dependability of water quality plan, and provided a new research idea for the optimal evaluation of water pollution control plan.

Study on the Antioxidant Component of Fermented Rice Bran by Bacillus Natto

Each component of rice bran fermentation(RBF)of Bacillus natto was extracted and its antioxidant activity was tested.By dint of thin layer chromatography,the antioxidant components were separated.The sample isolated from TLC for ethyl acetate phase and ether phase was analyzed by GC-MS.Results indicated that the antioxidant activity of large components in rice bran fermentation was low.The constituents of extracted phase had antioxidant activity apart from the petroleum ether phase.The constituents of ethyl acetate phase and Ether phase had best antioxidant activity,163 and 168 kU/g,respectively.The main composition of ethyl acetate phase was allyl group methyl-thioether and the main composition of ether phase included 3,5-dimethyl phenol,2,4-dipl-tert-Butyl and Fluazifop.

A New Paradigm for Understanding the Roots of the Conflict in Darfur

The conflict in Darfur, which raged most intensely between 2003 and 2008, is the latest in its long history of intertribal struggle for natural resources （Mamdani, 2009, p. 4）. To the average Westerner, whose awareness of monolithic ＂Africa＂ is usually shoddy at best, Darfur is a faraway land full of violence and injustice heretofore unseen in its history. Mamdani （2009）, specifically discusses the way US media portrayed the conflict there, focusing on its distortion through the lens of America＇s post-9/11 consciousness. He highlights the simplification of the conflict, the ease with which it became a matter of good versus evil, and the nebulous assertions that genocide was ongoing between 2004 and 2007, after which Darfur as a whole faded from public view （pp. 48-51, 67-71）. Made evident by US miscalculations in managing ethnic tensions in Iraq----decisions made during the same period--the need to deeply understand the cultural fabric of a region before attempts can be made to stem its bloodshed is obvious, if not mandatory. That understanding drives this discussion. It is predicated on the fact that intercommunal conflict has been a feature of Darfur＇s life for generations, brought about by the overlap between the two dominant modes of life in Darfur--pastoral and nomadic on the one hand, agricultural and settled on the other. Using analyses of the historical body of work on Sudan and Darfur, a new paradigm for understanding its modem conflict is presented below. It begins with a layered analysis that starts from the historical foundations and then adds thematically consistent modules, which have affected the social, political, and economic structure of the region. The dramatic transformations in narrative and worldview are the building blocks of the conflict that has been in progress, at varying levels of intensity, for the past 12 years.

Layered Software Patterns for Data Analysis in Big Data Environment

The proliferation of textual data in society currently is overwhelming, in particular, unstructured textual data is being constantly generated via call centre logs, emails, documents on the web, blogs, tweets, customer comments, customer reviews, etc.While the amount of textual data is increasing rapidly, users ability to summarise, understand, and make sense of such data for making better business/living decisions remains challenging. This paper studies how to analyse textual data, based on layered software patterns, for extracting insightful user intelligence from a large collection of documents and for using such information to improve user operations and performance.

A dynamic two-zone model of continuous fluidized bed layering granulation with internal product classification

A dynamic two-zone model is proposed to address the formation of granulation and drying zones in fluidized bed layering granulation processes with internal product classification. The model assumes a constant volume for the granulation zone, but a variable overall volume for the fluidized bed to account for classified product removal. The model is used to study the effect of various process parameters on dynamics and process stability. Stability is shown to depend on the separation diameter of product removal and the flow rate of the injected liquid. A lower and upper range of separation diameters with stable process behavior are found. In an intermediate range instability in the form of self-sustained oscillations is observed. The lower stability boundary is in qualitative agreement with recent experimental observations （Schmidt, Bück, ＆ Tsotsas, 2015）; the upper boundary was reported in a theoretical paper by Vreman, Van Lare, and Hounslow （2009） based on a single zone model.

Vibrational power flow analysis on combined plates partially covered layer of discontinuous material

Vibrational power flow on combined plates with a change in mass and stiffness or with viscoelastic damping layer used widely in engineering is studied. The expressions of flexural displacement and other physical quantities are obtained using Laplace transformation and transfer matrix approach, then influences of changes in mass and stiffness of discontinuous material and the free damping layer on the input power flow and the transmitted power flow are discussed. The conclusions provide theory basis for structural optimization design and reducing noise and vibration

Stabilization technology and corrosion mechanism of rust layer on Q370 weathering steel surface

A newly developed rust layer on Q370qENH weathering steel(sample C)was studied under dry–wet cycle test of 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution and salt spray test,compared with the bare weathering steel(sample A)and the weathering steel with additive contents(CuSO_(4)0.2,FeSO_(4)0.1,NaHSO_(3)0.02,NaCl 0.02,Na_(2)HPO_(4)0.01,and water balance,in mass%,termed as sample B).Corrosion mechanism of Q370qENH weathering steel after different surface treatments was investigated by means of surface potential scanning,mass change,polarization curve,and X-ray diffraction.The results of X-ray diffraction indicate that rust of bare weathering steel has rare Fe_(3)O_(4),and a dense oxide layer mainly composed of Fe_(3)O_(4) is formed on rust of both sample B and sample C.The surface potential of sample A gradually increases to−0.2 V in the dry–wet cycle test,while the surface potential of sample A maintains at about−0.6 V in the salt spray test.The surface potential of sample B and sample C is higher than that of sample A in the early stage and remains stable during the short-term accelerated corrosion test.Moreover,the mass change of sample C gradually stabilizes with time in the dry–wet cycle and salt spray test.The corrosion current of the sample A is lower than that of sample C in the initial stage of short-term accelerated corrosion test.However,the corrosion current of sample C is smaller than that of the sample A in the experiment.The main components of the deep rust of sample A areγ-FeOOH andα-FeOOH,while those of the deep rust of sample B and sample C are Fe_(3)O_(4).

Mean field study of a propagation-turnover lattice model for the dynamics of histone marking

We present a mean field study of a propagation-tumover lattice model, which was proposed by Hodges and Crabtree [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 109, 13296 （2012）] for understanding how posttranslational histone marks modulate gene expression in mammalian ceils. The kinetics of the lattice model consists of nucleation, propagation and turnover mechanisms, and exhibits second-order phase transition for the histone marking domain. We showed rigorously that the dynamics essentially depends on a non-dimensional parameter k = k＋/k-, the ratio between the propagation and turnover rates, which has been observed in the simulations. We then studied the lowest order mean field approximation, and observed the phase transition with an analytically obtained critical parameter. The boundary layer analysis was utilized to investigate the structure of the decay profile of the mark density. We also studied the higher order mean field approximation to achieve sharper estimate of the critical transition parameter and more detailed features. The comparison between the simulation and theoretical results shows the validity of our theory.