磁过滤电弧离子镀TiN与N离子注入性能研究

目的研究磁过滤电弧离子镀TiN与N离子注入对金属基体的保护效果。方法采用磁过滤电弧离子镀和离子注入在不锈钢表面分别制备了TiN薄膜与N注入改性层,以及二者的复合膜层。对薄膜的相结构、微观形貌进行了表征,对薄膜进行了极化曲线测试,同时在半球样品表面制备涂层并进行盐雾测试。结果所制备的TiN涂层为(111)晶面择优取向,离子注N预处理后沉积的TiN薄膜,仍保持(111)面的择优取向;电化学测试结果显示,TiN和N离子注入能够使不锈钢基体自腐蚀电位分别提高0.64、0.25 V,TiN薄膜具有最低的维钝电流密度4.9×10^(-6) A/cm^(2),N离子注入+TiN复合薄膜的维钝电流密度与N离子注入样品接近;盐雾试验结果表明,TiN以及N离子注入+TiN复合薄膜样品能够保证铜半球在12h的中性盐雾试验中无明显腐蚀痕迹。结论N离子注入预处理对MFAIPTiN涂层耐蚀性能的提升效果有限,单一的MFAIP TiN涂层便可应用于复杂形状的工程材料表面镀膜,可以增强其抗腐蚀能力,延长使用寿命。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited by arc ion plating with separate targets

TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings were prepared by arc ion plating with separate targets. In order to decrease the unfavorable macroparticles, a straight magnetized filter was used for the low melting aluminium target. The results show that the output plasmas of titanium target without filter and aluminium target with filter reach the substrate with the same order of magnitude. Meanwhile, the number of macropartieles in TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited with separate targets is only 1/10-1/3 of that deposited with alloy target reported in literature. Al atom addition may lead to the decrease of peak at （200） lattice plane and strengthening of peak at （111） and （220） lattice planes. The measured hardness of TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings accords with the mixture principle and the maximum hardness is HV2495. The adhesion strength reaches 75 N.

光栅阀角度对电弧离子镀TiN薄膜结构及性能的影响

通过调整光栅阀角度开展对电弧离子镀TiN薄膜结构及力学性能的研究。实验结果表明:光栅阀角度对TiN薄膜的择优取向无明显影响,薄膜均以TiN(200)面择优取向为主;随着光栅阀角度的增加,TiN薄膜中N与Ti原子比均呈欠化学计量比,且先增加而后降低,在光栅阀角度为10°时N与Ti原子比最高;TiN薄膜表面粗糙度随着光栅阀角度增加整体呈增加趋势;在光栅阀角度为10°时,TiN薄膜呈现出最高硬度和最低磨损率,具有最佳力学和耐磨性能。在电弧离子镀真空镀膜过程中,光栅阀角度通过影响气体流量进而影响薄膜性能,但对于TiN薄膜结构无明显影响,只有选择合适的光栅阀角度才能有助于薄膜综合性能的改善。

Effect of Rare Earth Element Cerium on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of TiN Coating Prepared by Arc Ion Plating

TiN coatings were deposited on polished substrates of W18Cr4V high speed steel by means of vacuum arc ion plating. The effect of cerium on adhesion between TiN coating and substrate was studied. The microstructures and composition of TiN coatings were also investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X ray diffraction (XRD) technique. It was found that cerium is an effective modifying agent and the addition of suitable amount of cerium to TiN coatings can produce relatively excellent properties such as micro hardness, wear resistance, oxidation resistance and porosity. The experimental results show that the added cerium in TiN coatings makes a contribution to form the preferred direction along with a (111) or (222) close packed face, which may be one of the reasons that improves some properties mentioned above.

Experimental Verification of the Physical Model for Droplet-Particles Cleaning in Pulsed Bias Arc Ion Plating

It has been reported that application of pulsed biases in arc ion plating could effectively eliminate droplet particles. The present paper aims at experimental verification of a physical model proposed previously by us which is based on particle charging and repulsion in the pulsed plasma sheath. An orthogonal experiment was designed for this purpose, using the electrical parameters of the pulsed bias for the deposition of TiN films on stainless steel substrates. The effect of these parameters on the amount and the size distribution of the particles were analyzed, and the results provided sufficient evidence for the physical model.

Structure and wear resistance of TiN and TiAlN coatings on AZ91 alloy deposited by multi-arc ion plating

In order to investigate the microstructure of TiN and TiAlN coatings and their effect on the wear resistance of Mg alloy, TiN and TiAlN coatings were deposited on AZ91 magnesium alloy by multi-arc ion plating technology.TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were prepared on the substrate,respectively,which exhibited dark golden color and compact microstructure.The microstructures of TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The micro-hardness and wear resistance of TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were investigated in comparison with the uncoated AZ91 alloy. The XRD peaks assigned to TiN and TiAlN phases are found.The hardness of TiN coatings is two times as high as that of AZ91 alloy, and Ti70Al30N coating exhibits the highest hardness.The wear resistance of the hard coatings increases obviously as result of their high hardness.

Microstructure and residual stress of TiN films deposited at low temperature by arc ion plating

The TiN films were deposited on 316 L stainless steel substrates at low temperature by arc ion plating. The influences of substrate bias voltage and temperature on microstructure, residual stress and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by EDS, SEM, XRD and nanoindenter tester, respectively. The results showed that the TiN films were highly oriented in（111） orientation with a face-centered cubic structure. With the increase of substrate bias voltage and temperature, the diffraction peak intensity increased sharply with simultaneous peak narrowing, and the small grain sizes increased from 6.2 to 13.8 nm. As the substrate temperature increased from 10 to 300℃, the residual compressive stress decreased sharply from 10.2 to 7.7 GPa, which caused the hardness to decrease from 33.1 to 30.6 GPa, while the adhesion strength increased sharply from 9.6 to 21 N.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SUPERFICIAL COAT OF GEARS OF NITRIDED 32Cr2MoV COATED WITH TiN FILM BY MULTI-ARC ION PLATING

After 32CrMoV is selected to manufacture nitrided gears coated with TiN by multi-arc ion plating, all of these uncoated gears and coated gears run in the gearbox under the same initial conditions so as to compare their difference concerning properties and microstructure. Experiment results indicate that tooth surface of the coated-TiN gears does not suffer surface abnormalities in meshed zone. Instead, the gears with nitrided case exhibit an abrasion mark on the meshed zone of tooth surface, which results in more weight loss of nitrided gears. The morphology of the surface suggests TiN film with more than 2 000 HV is so dense and smooth that coated-TiN gears have higher wear resistance compared with the uncoated gears. The microstructure of coated-TiN gears is finer, hardness is higher and its distribution of coated-TiN gears is more reliable than uncoated ones, which makes nitride layer combined with TiN film tightly. Consequently, the wear-resistance of gears has been dramatically promoted.

IMPROVEMENT OF ADHESION BETWEEN ION PLATED TiN COATING AND BASE METAL BY ADDING Y

The adhesion between the ion plated TiN coating and the base metal is improved by adding Y.The machenism of the effect of Y has been discussed as well.

Effect of PSA tin plating process on trace lead in tin coating

In this paper,effects of conditions in phenol sulfonic acid(PSA) plating for tin coating of MR low carbon aluminum killed steel on trace Pb were examined.Trace Pb was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS)and glow discharge spectrometry,and coating morphology was observed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM).Corrosion resistance of the tin coating was analyzed by electrochemical methods.The results indicated that Pb content in the tin coating reduced as bath temperature increased.When the temperature exceeded40 ℃,the grains in the coating were coarse and loose,reducing the corrosion resistance.As current density increased,Pb content increased rapidly,while low current density plating could lead to drain regions.The plating speed had no obvious effect on trace Pb in tin coating.In the tin plating layer,Pb was enriched at the surface and gradually reduced to zero along the depth.At bath temperature of 40 ℃ and current density of 20 A·dm^(-2),the amount of Pb could be less than 100 mg·kg^(-1) with excellent corrosion resistance.

Effect of deposition parameters on mechanical properties of TiN films coated on 2A12 aluminum alloys by arc ion plating (AIP)

TiN films were deposited on 2A12 aluminum alloy by arc ion plating (AIP). The Vickers hardness of the films deposited at different bias voltages and different nitrogen gas pressures, and that of the substrate were measured. The surface roughness of the TiN films diposited at –30 V and –80 V respectively and at different nitrogen gas pressure was measured also. The mass loss of TiN films deposited at 0 V, –30 V and –80 V respectively were analyzed in dry sand rubber wheel abrasive wear tests and wet ones in comparison with uncoated Al alloy and austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316L). It is revealed that the highest hardness of the TiN film is obtained at a bias voltage of –30 V and a N2 gas pressure of 0.5 Pa. The surface roughness of the film is larger at –80 V than that at –30 V and reduces as the increase of the N2 gas pressure. The mass loss of TiN-film coated 2A12 aluminum alloy is remarkably less than that of uncoated Al alloy and also that of AISI 316L, which indicates that the abrasive wear rate is greatly reduced by the application of TiN coating. TiN coating deposited by arc ion plating (AIP) technique on aluminum alloy can be a potential coating for machine parts requiring preciseness and lightness.

Effect of Sample Configuration on Droplet-Particles of TiN Films Deposited by Pulse Biased Arc Ion Plating

Orthogonal experiments are used to design the pulsed bias related parameters, including bias magnitude, duty cycle and pulse frequency, during arc ion deposition of TiN films on stainless steel substrates in the case of samples placing normal to the plasma flux. The effect of these parameters on the amount and the size distribution of droplet-particles are investigated, and the results have provided sufficient evidence for the physical model, in which particles reduction is due to the case that the particles are negatively charged and repulsed from negative pulse electric field. The effect of sample configuration on amount and size distribution of the particles are analyzed. The results of the amount and size distribution of the particles are compared to those in the case of samples placing parallel to the plasma flux.

Study on laser welding of the tin-plate can body

Laser beam welding is a new technique for the food can making.This research studied the welding technology and parameters for the tin-plate can and their influences on welding speed and quality,investigated the microstructure and properties of the weld,analysed distribution of tin in the weld metal and carried out the flanging test of the can body.The results show that laser weld- ing of the can body is characterized by high welding speed,fine appearance, good quality and stable and reliable process.This technology can fulfill the re- quirements of can making.

氮气流量对质子交换膜燃料电池316L不锈钢双极板TiN涂层性能的影响

为了提高316L双极板的耐蚀性和导电性,采用多弧离子镀方法在不同氮气流量下制备TiN涂层。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射电子扫描电镜(SEM)、膜电极电阻检测设备、电化学工作站等对所制备的TiN涂层的结构及其性能进行表征。研究结果表明:(1)具有TiN涂层的316L金属双极板比没有涂层的316L不锈钢金属双极板具有能更好的耐蚀性以及导电性。(2)在模拟的质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)阴极环境中随着氮气流量的增加具有TiN涂层的金属双极板的耐蚀性先增强后减小,接触电阻先变大后减小。当氮气流量为200 mL/min时候测的最低的接触电阻为9.62 mΩ/cm^(2)和最低的电流密度5.19×10^(-7)A/cm^(2),极化电阻最大为4.990×10^(4)Ω,此时为最佳工艺。

Electroless Plating Lead and Lead-Tin on Copper Using an Eco-Friendly Plating Bath

Copper serpentines used in gas heaters are currently coated with lead-tin alloy using hot-dip technology where copper is immersed in molten lead (98%)-Tin at about 400°C. The major drawback of this technique is the pollution resulted from lead vapors which cause much harm to the labors in the unit. The present work investigates an eco-friendly plating technique to replace the currently used technology. Electroless plating of copper samples with lead or Lead (98%)-Tin alloy is carried out from a plating bath contained lead salt, tin salt, reducing agent and stabilizing agent. The parameters affecting the coating quality such as the plating time, temperature and bath composition were optimized. The chemical analysis and coating morphology of the formed coatings are examined by XRD, SEM and EDS to reach the best bath composition as well as the best conditions to coat copper with lead or lead-tin electrolessly. The electrochemical properties of copper and copper coated samples are also examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

不同工艺参数对TiN薄膜形貌和力学性能的影响

随着硬质薄膜的快速发展,TiN薄膜已经在诸多领域成功应用。通过采用PVD多功能离子镀膜机在不同工艺参数条件下制备了TiN薄膜,研究不同工艺参数对TiN薄膜表面大颗粒形貌和力学性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜对TiN薄膜的表面形貌进行研究,利用球坑仪、划痕仪和显微硬度计对薄膜的力学性能进行分析。研究结果表明,弧电流越大,大颗粒尺寸越大,薄膜厚度及硬度也会显著增加;当沉积温度升高时,TiN表面大颗粒的尺寸与数量显著减小,结合强度出现先增加后减小的趋势;当负偏压增大时,TiN薄膜表面大颗粒出现了先减少后增多的趋势,而薄膜的厚度和硬度也会相应降低。该研究为生产中制备性能优良的TiN薄膜提供了一定的理论依据。

CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW TEMPERATURE ION PLATING TiN COATINGS

The TiN coatings were deposited onto the low carbon steel substrates with different temperatures (150,250,350 and 450 ℃), using hollow cathode discharge (HCD) ion plating method. The measurements of the microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings show that the hardness value slowly increases and the wear resistance remains almost unchanged with increasing the substrate temperature from 150 ℃ to 450 ℃. The reason for effect of the substrate temperature on the properties and morphologies of the coatings was investigated by means of X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

马口铁包装水果罐头中锡的浓度变化和形态分布研究

目的研究马口铁包装水果罐头中锡的浓度变化和形态分布。方法采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法(inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry,ICP-MS/MS)测定马口铁包装水果罐头的锡含量,并分析锡浓度随储存时间、加热次数的变化特点;采用高效液相色谱电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-ICP-MS/MS)测定并分析罐头中锡的形态分布。结果镀锡马口铁包装水果罐头中锡含量在生产日期3个月内为27.17~183.81mg/kg,生产日期12个月时为54.56~265.44mg/kg,锡浓度随储存时间、加热次数而明显增加,溶出锡为无机形态,以二价锡Sn[II]为主,未检测到锡的有机形态。结论马口铁包装水果罐头中锡随储存时间和加热次数而大量增加,但都以无机锡的形态存在,因吸收利用率低,毒性较低;尽量选择靠近生产日期的产品,且不要罐内加热食用。

紫外分光光度法测定电镀锡板表面涂油量

涂油量是电镀锡板产品关键指标之一。通过对有机萃取剂、吸收波长、校准曲线等研究,建立了紫外光度法测定电镀锡板表面涂油量检测方法。选择正庚烷作为有机萃取剂,吸收波长为270 nm,油质量浓度在10.00~100.00 mg/L范围内,吸光度与涂油质量呈线性关系,线性回归方程为y=121.710 x+0.965。应用该方法检测电镀锡板表面涂油量,检测结果相对标准偏差为-2.81%~2.57%%,加标回收实验回收率为97.2%~103.2%。该方法与重量法比对,检测结果无显著性差异,完全满足电镀锡板表面涂油量指标监控要求。

离子镀TiN涂层的高温氧化特性

研究了离子镀ＴｉＮ 涂层在５００ ～７００ ℃间的高温氧化特性， 并利用ＳＥＭ 观察和ＸＲＤ 相分析研究了氧化产物的类型及膜失效机制。结果表明， ＴｉＮ 膜的氧化遵循抛物线扩散规律， 其氧化产物为金红石型ＴｉＯ２ 。与Ｍ２ 和３Ｃｒ２ Ｗ８Ｖ 相比， ＴｉＮ 膜具有优良的抗氧化性能。以Ｍ２ 为基体的ＴｉＮ 涂层抗氧化性能略高于以３Ｃｒ２ Ｗ８Ｖ 为基体的ＴｉＮ