Analysis and Evaluation of Bioavailable Heavy Metals in Surface Soil of the Abandoned Lead-zinc Mine in Changhua,Hainan Province

[Objectives] The research was conducted to study characteristics of bioavailable levels pollution of heavy metals in the surface soil of the lead-zinc mine in Changhua.[Methods] A total of 56 surface samples were collected from the 3 study zones （peripheral zone, reclamation zone and tailing zone） located at the lead-zine mine in Changhua. Based on total and bioavailable heavy metals （Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd） in soils, the correlation of total content with bioavailable content was analyzed, and their pollution characteristics were assessed by methods of single factor pollution index, Nemerow pollution index, geological accumulation index and potential ecological risk index.[Results] （i） The surface soils were polluted by Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd in different degrees, and the overall trend of the contents of the 4 heavy metals was in order of Cd 〉 Pb 〉 Zn 〉 Cu. The average excess multiple of heavy metals of total and bioavailable content in soils were in the order of peripheral zone 〉 tailing zone 〉 reclaimed zone, and their pollution degrees were tailing zone 〉 peripheral zone 〉 reclaimed zone. （ii） In general, the total and bioavailable contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd showed a significant correlation, but were not correlated in each study zone. （iii） Pollution degrees of the study zones were in the order of tailing zone 〉 peripheral zone 〉 reclamation zone. The pollutions of heavy metals Pb and Cd were more serious, especially Cd reached high levels of pollution degree, and the pollution degrees of Zn, Cu were lighter. Contributors of ecological risk were mainly Cd, Pb and Cu, and the contribution of Cd achieved more than 90 %, making it the main source of pollution.[Conclusions] The results not only revealed the pollution status of heavy metals in the surface soil of the abandoned coal mine, but also could provide scientific guidance for reasonable utilization and ecological recovery of the land.

Formation of the Devonian Fengtai Hydrothermal Brine Basin and the Metallogeny of Gold and Lead-Zinc Mineralizations in Shaanxi

The study of the relationships between the hydrothermal sedimentary formations and the gold and lead-zinc mineralizations in the Devonian Fengtai basin in Shaanxi shows that there was a hydrothermal brine sedimentary event which was inserted into the normal sedimentary background from the late Middle Devonian to the early Late Devonian. This event is closely related to gold and lead-zinc mineralizations in this area.

Heavy metal concentrations in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine, Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria

This study focused on the influence of base metal mining on heavy metal levels in soils and plants in the vicinity of Arufu lead-zinc mine, Nigeria. Soil samples (0-15 cm depth) and plant samples were collected from cul-tivated farmlands in and around the mine, the unmineralized site and a nearby forest (the control site). The samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The physical properties of soils (pH and LOI) were also measured. Results showed that soils from cultivated farm-lands have neutral pH values (6.5-7.5), and low organic matter contents (<10%). Levels of Zn, Pb and Cd in culti-vated soils were higher than the concentrations obtained from the control site. These heavy metals are most probably sourced from mining and agricultural activities in the study area. Heavy metal concentrations measured in plant parts decreased in the order of rice leaves>cassava tubers>peelings. In the same plant species, metal levels decreased in the order of Zn>Fe>Mn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd. Most heavy metals were found in plant parts at average concentrations normally observed in plants grown in uncontaminated soil, however, elevated concentrations of Pb and Cd were found in a few cassava samples close to the mine dump. A stepwise linear regression analysis identified soil metal contents, pH and LOI as some of the factors influencing soil-plant metal uptake.

New Constraints on the Environmental Impact of Iron Oxides and Lead-Zinc Mines in Red Sea Hills,Egypt

Iron oxides and lead-zinc deposits in host rocks located in ten drainage basins in the coastal plain of the Red Sea,Egypt,have been subjected to important mining activities.The drainage basins were analyzed to estimate the transportations of these minerals. Fourteen soil samples and fifteen plant samples were collected from sites located in the basin and also in neighboring area and chemically analyzed.In

青海某铜铅锌多金属矿选矿工艺研究

针对青海某铜铅锌多金属矿,进行了不同类型捕收剂对铜铅锌浮选分离影响的试验,重点考察了新型捕收剂4037B、P5100C、QBSC的选别效果。结果表明:P5100C和QBSC更有利于铜、铅分离,在最佳条件下,采用铜快速浮选—铜铅混选—铜铅再磨分离—锌浮选流程,获得铜品位35.56%、铜回收率75.23%的铜精矿;铅品位45.02%、铅回收率71.92%的铅精矿;锌品位41.49%、锌回收率72.58%的锌精矿;含铜20.14%、含铅8.90%、含锌28.38%,铜回收率11.93%、铅回收率6.77%、锌回收率11.81%的混合精矿。全流程铜总回收率97.94%,铅总回收率96.62%,锌总回收率92.64%。

旬阳铅锌矿带地质环境问题现状及治理对策

旬阳铅锌矿带铅锌矿资源多年粗放式开发,导致地质环境问题逐步显现,主要表现为由采矿活动引发的地质环境污染、矿山土地资源损毁及矿山地质灾害隐患等。对旬阳铅锌矿带环境问题现状进行了详细分析和总结,并提出相应的地质环境治理对策。

昌化铅锌矿尾矿库土壤重金属纵向污染特征

为了解昌江铅锌矿尾矿库区重金属组成特征及纵向迁移规律,在研究区尾矿库均匀选择6个深钻孔,分层采集了深度为0~15.4 m的土壤和岩石样品,以及在尾矿库区周边土地选择6个浅钻孔,采集了0~1.3 m土壤样品,分析了尾矿库区重金属组成特征及纵向迁移规律。结果表明:1)研究区尾矿库表层土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb 4元素的平均含量严重偏高,尤其是Zn、Cd和Pb;2)研究区尾矿库土壤主要受到Cd、Pb和Zn的污染,且污染深度已达到了5.8 m;3)尾矿库土壤层及其外围土地表层土壤中Cd、Zn和Pb元素含量较高与尾矿库区堆放过大量的矿渣、尾矿和选矿场废弃物等有密切关系;4)尾矿库外围土地表层土壤重金属含量低于尾矿库表层土壤,但Cd、Zn和Pb元素含量仍然较高。如研究区尾矿库外围土地要作为保障农业生产的土地使用,需对其重金属进行治理。

基于FLAC^(3D)对某铅锌矿巷道稳定性及采空区治理方案研究

根据Hoek-Brown准则,采用Roclab1.0软件对岩石力学实验参数数据计算,获取矿体和围岩的岩石力学参数,在此基础上运用FLAC^(3D)数值模拟铅锌矿山矿体回采后,采空区围岩及巷道最大主应力、竖向位移、塑性区的变化情况,判定铅锌矿体回采对现有巷道的影响,最终为现场采空区治理提供相应的理论依据。

清代贵州水城铅锌矿开采史探析

我国铅锌矿的开采和冶炼历史悠久,贵州也是我国开采和冶炼铅锌矿的最早地区之一。到了清代,贵州的铅锌矿是其时钱币铸造和军械制造的主要原材料。为了强化对贵州铅锌矿开采、冶炼和运输的管理,清廷于康熙三年(1664)设置了大定府,下辖黔西、平远、威宁三州和毕节县,又于雍正十年(1732)设置了水城厅。笔者依据相关史料,对清代贵州水城铅锌矿的开采、冶炼和运输等情况进行分析研究。

湖南省沅陵县池坪铅锌矿地质特征、富集规律及找矿标志

本文通过对池坪铅锌矿勘查资料的全面分析,深入研究了矿区地质特征,矿床含矿岩系地质特征、矿体地质特征,分析了矿区矿体的富集规律,总结了找矿标志,指出矿区含矿岩系及控矿褶皱、断裂产状是铅锌矿体富集的关键所在,对今后矿区铅锌矿勘查找矿具有重要的指导意义。

广西平南县大旺铅锌矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨

广西平南县大旺铅锌矿位于钦杭成矿带西段,南华活动带的大瑶山隆起南部,处于区域性灵山-藤县断裂与凭祥-大黎断裂所夹持的沉积盆地中,该区地质构造复杂,成矿条件优越,通过对该区地质特征、矿化特征、找矿标志、矿床成因等的总结研究,认为大旺矿区属海底喷流沉积型为主叠加后期热液改造的铅锌矿床,可为区域上找同类型矿床提供参考。

广西某铅锌矿区农用地铅镉富集效应及农产品质量安全研究

为了解广西某铅锌矿区农用地土壤铅镉污染情况及其与农产品质量安全的影响关系,共采集土壤、农产品样品441件,采用正态分布、T检验等统计学手段进行分析并拟合建立土壤-农产品铅镉相关关系预测模型。结果表明,研究区农用地土壤铅、镉超标率分别为55.06%和84.23%,T检验结果显示土壤中铅、镉均为显著累积(P=0.000);水稻中铅、镉含量超标率分别为13.6%和59.09%,玉米中铅超标率为17.4%、镉含量未超标,柑橘中铅、镉含量均未超标,正态分布分析结果显示水稻中的镉、玉米中的铅含量均呈正态分布;土壤镉含量与水稻镉含量具有显著的相关性,其相关关系预测模型为y=2.5625x^(2)-0.7541x+0.4122(R^(2)=0.89)。

重庆酉阳—贵州沿河地区铅锌及萤石矿床重晶石微量元素特征及指示意义

重庆酉阳—贵州沿河地区发育众多中—低温热液型铅锌矿及萤石—重晶石矿,两类矿床之间的成因联系还需进一步研究。在野外地质调查的基础上,对两类矿床共生的重晶石单矿物开展微量、稀土元素研究。结果表明,各重晶石样品具有相似的微量、稀土元素组成特征,均相对亏损Th、Nb、Nd、Sm、Y等元素,相对富集Rb、U、Sr、Zr、Hf、Lu等元素,Eu、Ce正异常显著,稀土元素配分型式为轻稀土元素相对富集的右倾型。认为区内铅锌矿及萤石—重晶石矿在成矿流体来源上一致或具有相似的成矿物质源区,可能是在同一构造运动时期形成的有亲缘关系的成矿系列;区内铅锌矿及萤石—重晶石矿的赋矿围岩中Pb、Zn、F、Ba等元素含量较低,其成矿物质可能主要来源于下伏牛蹄塘组。

陕西省凤县银母寺外围铅锌铜矿地质特征及成因研究

银母寺外围铅锌铜矿位于凤太金铅锌矿集区西部的次级热水沉积盆地中,成矿条件优越,已探明银母寺中型铅锌矿床及多个小型铅锌矿床。文中主要针对银母寺外围铅锌铜矿地质特征进行详细分析,并探讨该矿矿床成因,希望通过本文研究,能对该区找矿工作提供一些参考作用。

利用遥感调查和监测花垣铅锌矿山尾矿资源

在当前的社会发展背景下,要提高自然资源利用率,提高矿产资源等不可再生资源的应用有效性,在保障矿产资源综合利用水平全面提升的基础上,为可持续发展的进步提供保障。鉴于此,为了提高湘西花垣铅锌矿山煤矿资源开发效率,文章从尾矿资源的实际利用情况入手进行分析,在明确相关矿产资源的应用研究价值基础上,探索优质的矿产资源开发技术路线,进而提出行之有效的遥感调查监测资源对策。

湖南省花垣县排楼矿区铅锌矿区域成矿规律研究

许多学者认为张(家界)-花(垣)断裂带、两河断裂带和麻栗场断裂带对花垣铅锌矿田的成矿起到了重要的控制作用。而排楼铅锌矿区地处扬子地台东南缘,属“湘西-鄂西多金属成矿带”之中段,位于凤凰-花垣-龙山地区整装勘查区中部,属于花垣大脑坡大型铅锌矿床向东延伸的边、深部地段,是湖南省重要的铅锌矿产资源后备基地。本文通过对排楼矿区铅锌矿区域成矿条件进行分析研究,查明该地区的铅锌矿产资源潜力,促进区内铅锌矿产资源的开发利用。

倾斜薄状铅锌矿体开采方法研究

对倾斜薄状矿体进行开采时,常常会面临采矿方法选择难的问题。某矿区内的铅锌矿体主要赋存于断裂带中,矿区内待开采的矿体属于倾斜薄状矿体。为了开采矿区内的铅锌矿资源,采用平硐+盲斜井的开拓方式,并根据矿区内矿体特征和开采技术条件,确定采用留矿全面采矿法对该铅锌矿进行开采。对留矿全面采矿法的采场矿块结构、采准、切割工程、回采落矿工艺进行了设计。结合相关经济指标,认为该采矿方法能够满足矿山实际生产需求,采用的留矿全面采矿法适合开采矿岩较稳固的倾斜薄状矿体,可为相关铅锌矿体的开采提供参考。

A Preliminary Study on Fluid Inclusions and Mineralization of Xitieshan Sedimentary-Exhalative (SEDEX) Lead-Zinc Deposit

The Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit is located at the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province, China, and had developed a complete marine sedimentary-exhalative system. Our preliminary study of ore-forming fluids shows that fluid inclusions in quartz from altered stockwork rocks that represent the pipe facies have a wide range of temperature and salinity. The intense fluid activities are characteristics of the pipe facies of the exhalative system. Fluid inclusions in carbonates near the unstratified ore bodies hosted in the thick-bedded marble which represents vent-proximal facies are large in size and have moderate to high temperatures. They represent unerupted sub-seafloor fluid activity. Fluids in altered stockwork rocks and carbonates have similar H20-NaCI-CO2 system, both belonging to the sedimentary-exhalative system. The fluids migrate from the pipe facies to the unstratified ore bodies. Boiling of the fluids causes the separation of CO2 vapor and liquid H2O. When the fluids migrate into the unconsolidated thick-bedded marble, the escape of CO2, decreasing temperature and pressure as well as some involvement of seawater into the fluids result in the unmixing of fluids with high and low salinity and deposition of ore-forming materials. The two unmixed fluids were trapped in unconsolidated carbonates and the ore-forming materials were deposited in the unconsolidated carbonates to form the sedimentary-exhalative type unstratified ore bodies. The oreforming temperature of unstratified ore bodies is up to high temperature indicating that there is a huge ore-forming potential in its deep.

Metallogeny of the Baiyangping Lead-Zinc Polymetallic Ore Concentration Area, Northern Lanping Basin of Yunnan Province, China

The Lanping Basin in the Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang （the Sanjiang） area of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an important part of eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. This basin hosts a number of large unique sediment-hosted Pb-Zn polymetallic deposits or ore districts, such as the Baiyangping ore concentration area which is one of the representative ore district. The Baiyangping ore concentration area can be divided into the east and west ore belts, which were formed in a folded tectogene of the India-Asia continental coUisional setting and was controlled by a large reverse fault. Field observations reveal that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata were outcropped in the mining area, and that the orebodies are obviously controlled by faults and hosted in sandstone and carbonate rocks. However, the oreforming elements in the east ore belt are mainly Pb-Zn -Sr-Ag, while Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Co elements are dominant in the west ore belt. Comparative analysis of the C-O-Sr-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggest that both ore belts had a homogeneous carbon source, and the carbon in hydrothermal calcite is derived from the dissolution of carbonate rock strata; the ore- forming fluids were originated from formation water and precipitate water, which belonged to basin brine fluid system; sulfur was from organic thermal chemical sulfate reduction and biological sulfate reduction; the metal mineralization material was from sedimentary strata and basement, but the difference of the material source of the basement and the strata and the superimposed mineralization of the west ore belt resulted in the difference of metallogenic elements between the eastern and western metallogenic belts. The Pb-Zn mineralization age of both ore belts was contemporary and formed in the same metaliogenetic event. Both thrust formed at the same time and occurred at the Early Oligocene, which is consistent with the age constrained by field geological relationship.