Comparing Three of the Leadership Theories: Leader-Member Exchange Theory,transformational Leadership and Team Leadership

Leadership is a complex process.It is one of the most researched areas around the world.It has gained importance in every walk of life from politics to business and from education to social organizations.According to the study of"Leadership in Adult Education Venues",here has a much more clear recognition of leadership:leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.There are many approaches of leadership throughout the study of this class,the three theories of leadership I choose to describe in this paper are:Leader-Member Exchange(LMX)Theory,Transformational Leadership,and Team Leadership.

Polarization and exchange effects in elastic scattering of electron with atoms and ions

Laser-induced electron diffraction（LIED）, in which elastic scattering of the returning electron with the parent ion takes place, has been used to extract atomic potential and image molecular structures with sub-？A precision and exposure time of a few femtoseconds. So far, the polarization and exchange effects have not been taken into account in the theoretical calculation of differential cross section（DCS） for the laser-induced rescattering processes. However, the validity of this theoretical treatment has never been verified. In this work, we investigate the polarization and exchange effects on electron impact elastic scattering with rare gas atoms and ions. It is found that, while the exchange effect generally plays a more important role than the polarization effect in the elastic scattering process, the exchange effect is less important on electron–ion collisions than on electron–atom collisions, especially for scattering in backward direction. In addition, our calculations show that, for electron–atom collisions at incident energies above 50 e V, both the polarization and exchange effects can be safely neglected, while for electron–ion collisions, both the polarization and exchange potentials do not make substantial contributions to the DCS at incident energies above 20 e V and scattering angles larger than 90？. Our investigation confirms the validity of the current LIED method.

Numerical Computing for a Class of Free Multipoint Boundary Value Problem of O.D.E in the Intervention of Exchange Rate

In this paper by means of generalized shooting method and homotopy technique a numerical method was given for computing free multipoint boundary value problem proposed in the intervention of exchange rate by Cadenillas and Femaado Zapatero. A numerical example was given for illustrating the validity of this method.

Mathematical Modelling of Operating Temperature Variations of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger (10-E-01)

The technique of modeling operating temperature variations of shell-and-tube heat exchanger 10-E-01 of kerosene-crude oil streams of Port Harcourt refinery crude distillation unit is presented in this research. Appropriate first-order model equations were developed applying principles of energy balance. The differential equations developed for the process streams which exchanged heat was evaluated numerically to predict the temperature variations as a function of time. The relevant parameters associated with typical heat exchanger works were calculated using plant data of 10-E-02. The model strives to predict the final kerosene temperature from 488 to 353.6 K. While the crude oil streams temperature rose from 313 to 353.6 K. The developed model enables the operator to predict the final temperature at the kerosene hydro-treating unit and thereby prevent regular emergency shutdowns due to excessive temperature rise.

经济政策不确定性与人民币汇率的非对称波动——基于投资者预期视角

选取2011年1月至2022年3月的时间序列数据,探讨经济政策不确定性对人民币汇率波动的非对称影响及投资者预期的中介效应。研究发现,相对经济政策不确定性上升加剧了人民币汇率波动,且呈现出明显的非对称特征,即在宏观经济状况较坏时的波动更大,投资者预期在其中发挥了重要的中介作用。鉴于此,应针对不同宏观经济状况采取差异化调控措施,提振投资者信心,避免形成人民币不良变动预期,预防人民币汇率的过度波动。

PEMFC压差流道构型特征参数对电池性能的影响

针对质子交换膜燃料电池PEMFC(proton exchange membrane fuel cell)压差流道构型尺寸对电池电化学性能影响机理不明的问题,研究流道高度和脊背宽度对压差流道和直流道在氧气浓度、水浓度分布特征和电流密度、功率密度、压降等方面影响规律,并对两者进行了对比分析,结果表明流道高度对压差流道和直流道性能影响较小,压差流道在脊背宽度为1.25 mm和1.50 mm时具有明显优势;进一步研究压差流道变压区对流道性能的影响,结果表明变压区高度为0.05 mm和长度为1.50 mm时,压差流道峰值功率密度最高。综合考虑功率密度和压降的影响,选择压差流道高0.40 mm、宽1.25 mm、脊背宽1.25 mm、变压区长1.50 mm、高0.05 mm,此时压差流道峰值功率密度为0.3661 W/cm^(2),相较于直流道峰值功率密度提升6.3%。

The n-resolved single-electron capture in slow O^(6+)-Ne collisions

A study of single-electron capture(SEC) in 18-240 keV O^(6+)-Ne collisions has been conducted employing a combination of experimental and theoretical methodologies.Utilizing a reaction microscope,state-selective SEC cross sections and projectile scattering angle distributions were obtained.The translational energy spectra for SEC reveal the prevailing capture into n=3 states of the projectile ion,with a minor contribution from n=4 states.Notably,as the projectile's energy increases,the relative contribution of SEC n=4 states increases while that of SEC n=3 states diminishes.Furthermore,we computed state-selective relative cross sections and angular differential cross sections employing the classical molecular Coulomb over-the-barrier model(MCBM) and the multichannel Landau-Zener(MCLZ) model.A discernible discrepancy between the state-selective cross sections from the two theoretical models is apparent for the considered impact energies.However,regarding the angular differential cross sections,an overall agreement was attained between the current experimental results and the theoretical results from the MCLZ model.

以问题为导向结合师生互换教学法在中医内科学分证论治教学中的应用

目的:探讨以问题为导向结合师生互换教学法对中医内科学分证论治教学效果的影响。方法:选择北京中医药大学2016级针灸康复专业的两个本科班为研究对象,选择“腹痛”和“肺胀”两个章节的分证论治部分进行教学。对照组采用传统教学法,试验组采用以问题为导向教学法和师生互换教学法相结合的教学方法。通过病例分析题目考试的方式,评估教学效果的差异。结果:试验组学生的优良率高于对照组学生(P<0.05);试验组学生考试成绩平均分数优于对照组学生(P<0.05)。结论:以问题为导向结合师生互换教学法在中医内科学分证论治部分的教学中能取得较好的效果。

重整进料换热器管程差压高的原因分析及对策

公司100万吨/年连续重整装置进料换热器采用绕管式设计,稳定运行至第五年开始出现管程差压上升的现象。结合装置生产实际情况,从机械杂质、原料胶质、不饱和烃及重芳烃结焦、铵盐结晶等多个方面分析了管程差压升高的原因,判断不饱和烃及重芳烃结焦是造成换热器管程差压上升的主要原因之一,铵盐结晶进一步加重了换热器管程差压的上升。针对上述原因制定了一系列应对换热器管程差压上升的方案,通过采取控制原料干点、提高重整进料温度、向进料换热器管程控制性注水等措施,换热器管程压降值降低了20 kPa以上,取得了明显效果,并从原料质量管控、装置进料温度、换热器管程控制性注水等方面提出了相应建议。

Authoritarian leadership and task performance:the effects of leader-member exchange and dependence on leader

This study examines how and when authoritarian leadership affects subordinates’task performance.Using social exchange theory and power dependence theory,this study proposes that authoritarian leadership negatively influences task performance through leader-member exchange(LMX).This study further proposes that the effect of authoritarian leadership on LMX is stronger when a subordinate has less dependence on a leader.A two-wave survey was conducted in a large electronics and information enterprise group in China.These hypotheses are supported by results based on 219 supervisor-subordinate dyads.The results reveal that authoritarian leadership negatively affects subordinates’task performance via LMX.Dependence on leader buffers the negative effect of authoritarian leadership on LMX and mitigates the indirect effect of authoritarian leadership on employee task performance through LMX.Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.

Activation of Na^+/H^+ exchange on rat preadipocyte plasma membrane and its role in cell proliferation and differentiation

An in vitro cultured rat perirenal preadipocyte (PA) was established as a model system to investigate the role of the intracellular pH (pHi) and of the Na+/H+ exchanger during PA proliferation and differentiation. pH sensitive probe, 2' ,7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein(BCECF) , was employed to measure the pHi of PA and to determine the Na+/H+ exchange activity. The results showed that there was Na+/H+ exchange activity in the plasma membrane of PA, FCS stimulated DNA synthesis measured by H-TdR incorporation, and the activation of Na + /H + exchanger resulted in pHi increase (nearly 0.2 pH unit) within 2 min. Ethyl-isopropyl-amiloride (EIPA) , a specific Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor, inhibited Na+/H+ exchange activity and DNA synthesis. In the absence of serum insulin did not stimulate DNA synthesis but did induce PA differentiation characterized by the appearance of adiposome in the cell and the enhancement of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3 PDHase) activity. Meantime, insulin was also found to stimulate Na+/H+ exchange activity and pHi increase. EIPA inhibited Na+/H+ exchanger activation induced by insulin and also partially inhibited the enhancement of G3PDHase activity. These results demonstrated that the activation of Na+ /H+ exchange and the resulting pHi increase are the early events related to both proliferation and differentiation of PA.

From moral leadership to positive work behaviors: the mediating roles of value congruence and leader-member exchange

Limited empirical investigation has been devoted to understanding the multipleeffect mechanisms of moral leadership, especially the relationship between mediators. Drawing from both social learning and social exchange theories, this study examines whether value congruenee and leader-member exchange (LMX) mediate the effect of moral leadership on followers' positive work behaviors. Using two-wave survey data from 395 Chinese employees, the results indicate that both value congruence and LMX act as mediators in the relationship between moral leadership and positive work behaviors. Furthermore, a sequential mediation link from moral leadership to value congruenee, then to LMX, and finally to positive work behaviors was established. Theoretical and practical implications are further discussed.

公司上市中的差异表决权规则及法律完善——以证券交易所竞争为视角

双层股权结构具有理论与实践的重要价值,这一制度产生的重要原因在于证券交易所之间的竞争,是一种实践需求推动理论革新的结果。从世界范围看,已经形成突破传统“同股同权”而采纳“同股不同权”的双层股权结构的趋势和现实。我国为回应现实需求以及应对国际上证券交易所之间的竞争而已经引入该制度,但实践结果与理论预期产生了偏离。通过比对发现,我国上交所、深交所、北交所以及新三板之间,以及与美国、新加坡和我国香港地区证券交易所对该制度的规定有所差异,这种差异是造成实践与预期发生偏离的原因。我国证券交易所对该制度的限制过于严格,为满足实践需要以及应对竞争,应当在严格与放松限制之间作出良好的平衡。因此,需要对双层股权结构制度下的差异表决规则进行完善和突破,突破的重点在于事前放宽准入标准,完善的重点在于事中细化信息披露制度及相关规则,事后完善普通股东的保护机制。

PEMFC新型压差流道传质与电化学性能研究

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池PEMFC(proton exchange membrane fuel cell)核心组件,极板的流道形状和尺寸直接影响反应气体的利用率以及电池的排水、散热性能。基于极板工作原理提出一种新型PEMFC压差流道构型,研究流道内阴极氧气浓度、水浓度分布、进出口压降、流速的变化,分析电流密度和极化曲线对燃料电池电化学性能的影响;在50%开孔率时,通过对比8组低压直流道和高压直流道的宽度同时增大的仿真结果发现,低压直流道和高压直流道宽度均由2.25 mm减小到0.5 mm时,功率密度峰值提高了31.9%。进一步探究压差流道中增大或保持一种流道宽度不变而改变另一种流道宽度对燃料电池电化学性能的影响,结果表明低压直流道和高压直流道宽度均为1 mm时,功率密度峰值最高可达0.39 W/cm~2。

双金属复合换热管与固定管板换热器整体热处理工艺

为研究双金属复合换热管与固定管板产品管束整体热处理工艺及其技术难点。首先,通过计算壳体与换热管在50℃和100℃温差下的温差应力,得出结果,升温阶段在500℃以下时,换热管与壳体的温差应≤100℃;降温阶段在400~500℃时,换热管与壳体的温差应≤50℃,在400℃以下时,换热管与壳体的温差应≤100℃。根据试验数据、相关标准及前期产品热处理经验制定了合适的热处理工艺参数。通过沿产品管束圆周方向及其中心位置换热管内部2.5 m深度处布置热电偶,同时在两侧管板外侧及沿壳体长度方向中间位置布置热电偶进行实时测控温度,使产品管束在整个热处理过程中各测温点的温度得到有效的控制,最终成功对该产品管束进行了炉内整体热处理。

酰胺质子转移磁共振成像在帕金森病中的研究进展

酰胺质子转移(amide proton transfer, APT)成像技术是近几年在化学交换饱和转移(chemical exchange saturation transfer, CEST)成像的基础上发展起来的一种新型MRI技术,它是在细胞和分子水平上对蛋白质浓度和pH进行无创检测和评价,可以间接反映细胞内代谢变化及病理生理信息。帕金森病(Parkinson's disease, PD)是第二常见的神经退行性疾病,目前尚无法根治,患者靠服药来控制病情、维持日常生活。早发现、早诊断PD是治疗的关键,可使患者受益巨大。通过APT成像技术可以评估PD患者各脑区蛋白质代谢状态,有助于实现PD的早期诊断。现就APT技术的基本原理、在PD中的研究进展及技术应用面临的挑战进行综述,旨在更好地了解APT成像技术,并为今后的研究提供参考和借鉴。

文明交流与互鉴何以可能?——基于差异性、亲和性与功能分区的实现路径

尽管文明的差异可能导致文明冲突,但是差异本身也是文明交流互鉴的立足点,因为任何一种文明都不可能是完美无缺的,只有不同文明的他者特性才能实现彼此的互补,产生互鉴的可能。差异是交流的前提,而互鉴则是交流的结果。文明交流互鉴就是从文明的多样性到交流再到融合的过程,最后达至各美其美、美美与共,而这一过程又必须通过文化的功能分区实现,究其本质,文明交流与互鉴就是从“异”(他者特性)到“分”(功能分区)再到“合”(相互融合)最后到“通”(彼此相通、发展)的过程。

催化裂化汽油烯烃含量对S Zorb装置长周期运行影响分析

介绍了某公司催化裂化汽油中烯烃含量的上升对S Zorb装置进料换热器(E101)、反应器过滤器(ME101)等设备以及装置工艺参数调整的影响。该公司S Zorb装置中原料烯烃的质量分数在短时间内从21.5%上升到28.0%,不仅造成装置中反应进料换热器(E101)管程结焦严重,换热能力大幅下降,换热器偏流现象加剧,而且使得反应器过滤器(ME101)压差短时间内明显上涨,严重影响了装置的安全运行,同时还造成装置的辛烷值损失加剧。为保证装置长周期安全运行,针对烯烃结焦现象,提出了加强原料和关键设备监控、及时调整反吹系统和反应器温升以及严格控制醚后碳四回炼流程等优化建议。

一种异构交互式双种群求解TSP的改进蚁群算法

针对蚁群算法存在着收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优解等问题,构造一种基于交互机制的双种群蚁群算法求解TSP问题。该算法以蚁群算法和最大最小蚂蚁系统为基础建立两个子种群,前者融合路径贡献度,简化的2-opt交换算子,使算法更接近最优解;后者利用信息素限制条件并加入插入算子,增加种群的搜索广度。每次迭代后,通过双种群交互作用把两个种群中的最优路径作为路径贡献度的评判标准。当算法陷入局部最优时,交换双种群的信息素表以帮助算法跳出局部最优。把影响算法信息素更新的三个重要参数转化成一个三维组合优化问题,使用自适应差分进化算法进行优化。实验结果证明,双种群蚁群算法具有更强的求解能力。

大牛地气田处理站三股流换热器堵塞原因分析及治理对策

大牛地气田处理站三股流换热器频繁堵塞影响了站场的正常运行。针对换热器堵塞原因开展溯源,分析表明:来气净化不充分,杂质伴随天然气进入换热器狭窄导致了换热器堵塞。以三股流换热器为研究对象,现场应用了五种措施进行防堵解堵,应用结果表明:优化过滤器和增加预分离措施并未提高天然气净化效果;吹扫、清洗换热器不能从根本上解决换热器堵塞问题;更换换热器类型可以有效解决装置堵塞问题。