Climate warming and the increased demand in air travels motivate the aviation industry to urgently produce technological innovations.One of the most promising innovations is based on the smoothly continuous morphing l...Climate warming and the increased demand in air travels motivate the aviation industry to urgently produce technological innovations.One of the most promising innovations is based on the smoothly continuous morphing leading-edge concept.This study proposes a two-step process for the design of a morphing leading-edge,including the optimization of the outer variable-thickness composite compliant skin and the optimization of the inner kinematic mechanism.For the compliant skin design,an optimization of the variable thickness composite skin is proposed based on a laminate continuity model,with laminate continuity constraint and other manufacturing constraints.The laminate continuity model utilizes a guiding sequence and a ply-drop sequence to describe the overall stacking sequence of plies in different thickness regions of the complaint skin.For the inner kinematic mechanism design,a coupled four-bar linkage system is proposed and optimized to produce specific trajectories at the actuation points on the stringer hats of the compliant skin,which ensures that the compliant skin can be deflected into the aerodynamically optimal profile.Finally,a morphing leading-edge is manufactured and tested.Experimental results are compared with numerical predictions,confirming the feasibility of the morphing leading-edge concept and the overall proposed design approach.展开更多
Mesotherapy is a mildly invasive procedure involving several subcutaneous drug injections, which are performed simultaneously. The concept is to inject a very small amount of active compounds (hyaluronic acid, vitamin...Mesotherapy is a mildly invasive procedure involving several subcutaneous drug injections, which are performed simultaneously. The concept is to inject a very small amount of active compounds (hyaluronic acid, vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes, humectants, …) and the aim is to stimulate the biosynthetic capacity of fibroblasts, increase collagen and elastin production and to give active essential molecules for a fibroblasts environment. Numerous studies suggest that the mesotherapy procedure improves skin hydration and mechanical properties;however, some results have not been statistically significant. In this study, we investigated an antiaging treatment as a complementary approach to a non-surgical rejuvenating procedure after 5 sessions of mesotherapy. Our main objective was to assess the improvement of face, neck and neckline skin quality, after intradermal microinjections of NCTF 135HA®. This mixture, manufactured by FILORGA Laboratories, includes a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid, vitamins, antioxidants, mineral salts and enzymes. A statistically significant decrease in the depth of crow’s-feet wrinkles (43.3%) and in pore size (58.5%) was observed. Also, dermatological scores showed a significant decrease, and data suggest that skin tone was improved with a brighter tone. The injected mixture could then have an action on the skin pigmentation process with a photoprotective effect. Evolution of Dermis density was also investigated and an increase of dermal density and thickness were highlighted, showing an improvement of skin firmness with significant increases of dermis thickness (20%) and dermis density (24%), indicating a neocollagen activity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Project“Variable CAmber wing TechNology(VCAN)”,China.
文摘Climate warming and the increased demand in air travels motivate the aviation industry to urgently produce technological innovations.One of the most promising innovations is based on the smoothly continuous morphing leading-edge concept.This study proposes a two-step process for the design of a morphing leading-edge,including the optimization of the outer variable-thickness composite compliant skin and the optimization of the inner kinematic mechanism.For the compliant skin design,an optimization of the variable thickness composite skin is proposed based on a laminate continuity model,with laminate continuity constraint and other manufacturing constraints.The laminate continuity model utilizes a guiding sequence and a ply-drop sequence to describe the overall stacking sequence of plies in different thickness regions of the complaint skin.For the inner kinematic mechanism design,a coupled four-bar linkage system is proposed and optimized to produce specific trajectories at the actuation points on the stringer hats of the compliant skin,which ensures that the compliant skin can be deflected into the aerodynamically optimal profile.Finally,a morphing leading-edge is manufactured and tested.Experimental results are compared with numerical predictions,confirming the feasibility of the morphing leading-edge concept and the overall proposed design approach.
文摘Mesotherapy is a mildly invasive procedure involving several subcutaneous drug injections, which are performed simultaneously. The concept is to inject a very small amount of active compounds (hyaluronic acid, vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes, humectants, …) and the aim is to stimulate the biosynthetic capacity of fibroblasts, increase collagen and elastin production and to give active essential molecules for a fibroblasts environment. Numerous studies suggest that the mesotherapy procedure improves skin hydration and mechanical properties;however, some results have not been statistically significant. In this study, we investigated an antiaging treatment as a complementary approach to a non-surgical rejuvenating procedure after 5 sessions of mesotherapy. Our main objective was to assess the improvement of face, neck and neckline skin quality, after intradermal microinjections of NCTF 135HA®. This mixture, manufactured by FILORGA Laboratories, includes a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid, vitamins, antioxidants, mineral salts and enzymes. A statistically significant decrease in the depth of crow’s-feet wrinkles (43.3%) and in pore size (58.5%) was observed. Also, dermatological scores showed a significant decrease, and data suggest that skin tone was improved with a brighter tone. The injected mixture could then have an action on the skin pigmentation process with a photoprotective effect. Evolution of Dermis density was also investigated and an increase of dermal density and thickness were highlighted, showing an improvement of skin firmness with significant increases of dermis thickness (20%) and dermis density (24%), indicating a neocollagen activity.
