Micro-configuration Observation of Porous Bioceramic for Sliding on Intestinal Mucus Film

The microstructure of the prepared porous bioceramic material, including surface porosity and apparent contact area with the artificial mucus film are computed and analyzed. The surface micro-configurations of the porous material before and after sliding on the mucus film are observed in 2 D and 3 D by digital microsco py, We describe how much mucus enters and stays within different pares, and how the porous material with rough/ porous surface contacts with the mucus film （ elastic surfucel gel ） . The presented results illustrate that the material with different porous structure can lead to different mucus suction, surface scraping and changes of contact area and condition during sliding, which will be active for high friction of robotic endoscope with the intestinal wall for intestinal locomotion.

北京市六种针叶树叶面附着颗粒物的理化特征

对北京市6种针叶树叶面颗粒物附着密度、叶表面微形态、颗粒物矿物与元素组成的研究结果表明：同一树种叶面颗粒物附着密度随大气颗粒物浓度增加而增大；同一地点不同树种叶面颗粒物附着密度存在很大差异，圆柏、侧柏颗粒物附着密度最高，其次为雪松、白皮松，油松、云杉最低；受地面扬尘影响，低矮叶片较高处叶片颗粒物附着密度大；受降雨和新生叶片稀释影响，夏季颗粒物附着密度小于冬季．叶表面粗糙程度越大，颗粒物附着密度越高．SiO2、CaCO3、CaMg（CO3）2、NaCl、2CaSO4·H2O、CaSO4·2H2O、Fe2O3 7种主要矿物占叶面颗粒物总质量的10％～30％，其中，SiO2含量最高，其次为CaMg（CO3）2、CaSO4·2H2O和CaCO3．此外，还含有蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石等粘土矿物及长石．21种测定元素占叶面颗粒物总质量的16％～37％，其中Ca、Al、Fe、Mg、K、Na、S7种元素占测定元素总质量的97％以上。其它痕量污染元素含量很少，并且受采样地点和树种影响较小．

青岛市城阳区主要园林树种叶片表皮形态与滞尘量的关系

利用环境扫描电镜观察比较了青岛市城阳区11种园林植物的叶表面形态结构与滞尘能力。结果表明:不同树种的滞尘能力差异较大,其滞尘量相差达到4倍以上,降雨可显著降低叶面颗粒物附着密度,不同树种所受影响差异明显;不同树种叶表面结构不同,滞尘量较小的白蜡和火棘,其叶表面较平滑,细胞排列整齐;而滞尘量较大的悬铃木、紫荆和紫薇,其叶表面上有密集纤毛或呈现出明显的脊状皱褶,并且结构越密集、凹凸越明显,越有利于粉尘颗粒物的滞留。