The changes in the activity of amylase and amylase-isoenzyme and the degradation of starch and pigment of tobacco leaf during flue-curing were studied by using the electric- heated flue-curing barn designed and made...The changes in the activity of amylase and amylase-isoenzyme and the degradation of starch and pigment of tobacco leaf during flue-curing were studied by using the electric- heated flue-curing barn designed and made by the Henan Agricultural University. The temperature and humidity of the barn were controlled automatically. The results indicated that starch in tobacco leaf decreased rapidly and leveled off after 48 h of curring, in the meantime, the content of soluble sugar increased accordingly and reached a peak at the stage of color-fixing. Both of them had a rapid-changing stage in the first 36 hours of yellowing. The changes of starch and soluble sugar contents had highly significant negative-correlation at 1 % level (rNC89 = -0.8962**, rYY85 = -0.9704**). The activity of amylase increased with the proceeding of curing and reached a peak after 36 hours of curing, then decreased. But the activity of amylase kept at a high level when the humidity of curing-environment was very low, even if the tobacco leaf had been dried. The rapid degradation of starch showed a significantly negative correlation with the increase of activity of amylase at 5 % level (rNC89 = -0.8495*, rYY85 = -0.7839*). The degradation of starch and pigment had the same regulation and had highly significant correlation at 1 % level (rNC89= 0.9649**, rYY85= 0.9428**). There were mainly three amylase-isoenzyme bands -A, B, C respectively, in tobacco leaf during flue curing. They were identified as α-AMY, β-AMY, R-AMY, and the activity of β-AMY was the highest. The changes in amylase activity and contents of starch and pigment were affected by the tobacco leaf moisture and environmental humidity during curing.展开更多
Effect of environmental humidity and water content in tobacco leaf on starch metabolism was studied by using the electric-heated auto-controlled flue-curing barn supplied by Henan Agricultural University, China. The r...Effect of environmental humidity and water content in tobacco leaf on starch metabolism was studied by using the electric-heated auto-controlled flue-curing barn supplied by Henan Agricultural University, China. The results indicated that the degradation of starch and decrease of water content in tobacco leaf during early yellowing at low humidity was the most rapid, and the water loss was the highest while the lowest under high humidity. The duration for starch degradation under low humidity was longer than that of CK. So the starch residue in cured leaf of different treatment took the order of high humidity yellowing treatment> low humidity yellowing treatment > CK. When the leaf water content was decreased to around 50 %, the starch degradation became slow and the content of starch was stable. Starch degradation and decrease of leaf water content was not synchronous. Starch in tobacco leaf during yellowing degraded more rapidly when humidity was decreased at a high speed, but the degradation stopped earlier at late stage. There was a quicker and higher degradation of starch under high environmental humidity. When the humidity decreased to 70 %, the content of starch was stable. The activity of amylase began to decrease when relative humidity was below 75 %, but it kept a high level of activity when the environmental humidity was below 70 %.展开更多
Solving high-temperature plastic mulching film-induced leaf burning in the first week during tobacco cultivation would take much time and effort. In the present study, the growth as well as the leaf sugar and nicotine...Solving high-temperature plastic mulching film-induced leaf burning in the first week during tobacco cultivation would take much time and effort. In the present study, the growth as well as the leaf sugar and nicotine contents of seedlings with or without leaf burning induced by high-temperature plastic mulching film were tested at two independent sites in 2015 and 2016 to identify the influence of leaf burning on seedling growth. The results showed that the growth of seedlings with leaf burning was improved with increased leaf area, leaf number and plant height compared to those without leaf burning, combined with an increased seedling survival rate at two sites in two years. In seedlings with leaf burning, the contents of fructose and glucose increased and peaked at 11:00 and 13:00 in the leaf and root, respectively, with an increased root nicotine content beginning at 13:00, highlighting the signalling role of sugars. Activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were all increased in seedlings with leaf burning. More plant biomass was allocated to roots in seedlings with leaf burning with increased root volume compared to control seedlings, which might facilitate the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. Our findings demonstrate that high-temperature plastic mulching film-induced leaf burning not inhibited but benefited seedling survival and growth, suggesting that the time and labour-consuming manual plucking of burnt leaves can be avoided during tobacco cultivation.展开更多
The importance of controlled temperature during the four-days co-cultivation period was evaluated under the most physiologically relevant conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of tobacco (Ni...The importance of controlled temperature during the four-days co-cultivation period was evaluated under the most physiologically relevant conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi (nn, Smith)) leaf disks. We compared the effect of temperatures ranging from 15°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C to 25°C on the stable expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity of 14 days old hygromycin-selected leaf disks, and on the increase in the fresh weight yield of 28 days old kanamycin-selected calli. The highest average of GUS activity was obtained at 20°C among the five temperatures tested although the difference between the 18°C and 20°C treatment was not statistically significant. The GUS activity at 15°C was statistically lower than those at 18°C and 20°C. The GUS activity in 22°C treatment was an intermediate between the highest (18/20°C) and second highest averages (15°C), and was not statistically significantly different. The lowest average of GUS activity was observed at 25°C. The highest increase in the plate average of fresh weight yield was obtained at 20°C among the five temperature tested. The 20°C treatment was statistically significantly better than the 15°C and 18°C treatments. The 20°C co-cultivation treatment resulted in the higher FW yield than 22°C and 25°C even though the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, low co-cultivation temperature at 20°C resulted in the reproducible maximum increase in both the fresh weight yield and stable expression of GUS activity after transformation of tobacco leaf disks.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to study the occurrence regularity and life history of cigarette beetle Lasioderrma serricorne(Fabricius)in tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop.[Methods]With the tobacco leaf threshi...[Objectives]The paper was to study the occurrence regularity and life history of cigarette beetle Lasioderrma serricorne(Fabricius)in tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop.[Methods]With the tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop as the survey site,the occurrence regularity of L.serricorne was investigated,and the life history table was inferred according to its biological characteristics.The temperature,humidity and duration of tobacco leaf threshing and redrying were simulated in the laboratory to study the survival rate of all states of L.serricorne in this environment.[Results]The lifecycle of L.serricorne in tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop was:the overwintering generation pupated in late February;the pupa began to emerge in early March,and reached its peak in late March.The first-generation eggs started hatching in late March,pupated in late May,emerged in early June,and reached the peak eclosion of the first-generation adults in mid-July.The second-generation eggs began to hatch in late July,pupated in mid-August,emerged in late August,and reached the peak eclosion of the second-generation adults in mid-September.The third-generation eggs began to hatch in mid-September;most of the larvae began to overwinter,some pupated in mid-November and survived the winter as pupae,and some pupae emerged to adults.The survival test results of different states of L.serricorne under simulated temperature,humidity and duration in the tobacco leaf threshing and redrying process showed that the mortality rates of eggs in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 51.22%,90.24% and 100%,and the mortalities of larvae in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 18.30%,81.25%and 100%,respectively.The mortalities of pupae in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 69.39%,100% and 100%,and the mortalities of adults in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 100%,100% and 100%,respectively.[Conclusions]L.serricorne of different states can be killed by appropriately raising the temperature during threshing and redrying.展开更多
This paper aims to explore comprehensive utilization way of discarded fresh tobacco leaf. Based on modern tobacco demands on green,environmental protection and sustainable development,as well as actual situation of bi...This paper aims to explore comprehensive utilization way of discarded fresh tobacco leaf. Based on modern tobacco demands on green,environmental protection and sustainable development,as well as actual situation of biogas production facility in some villages of local tobacco area,this paper selects Longwan Village of Fengshiyan Town as the experimental site and explores the rational way of discarded fresh tobacco leaf biogas fermentation. Results show that cutting and fermentation of discarded fresh tobacco leaf before adding into biogas digester is conductive to improving p H in fermentation process,reducing crust amount,and effectively improving biogas production amount and rate. The study can provide reference for effective processing and rational utilization of discarded fresh tobacco leaf.展开更多
文摘The changes in the activity of amylase and amylase-isoenzyme and the degradation of starch and pigment of tobacco leaf during flue-curing were studied by using the electric- heated flue-curing barn designed and made by the Henan Agricultural University. The temperature and humidity of the barn were controlled automatically. The results indicated that starch in tobacco leaf decreased rapidly and leveled off after 48 h of curring, in the meantime, the content of soluble sugar increased accordingly and reached a peak at the stage of color-fixing. Both of them had a rapid-changing stage in the first 36 hours of yellowing. The changes of starch and soluble sugar contents had highly significant negative-correlation at 1 % level (rNC89 = -0.8962**, rYY85 = -0.9704**). The activity of amylase increased with the proceeding of curing and reached a peak after 36 hours of curing, then decreased. But the activity of amylase kept at a high level when the humidity of curing-environment was very low, even if the tobacco leaf had been dried. The rapid degradation of starch showed a significantly negative correlation with the increase of activity of amylase at 5 % level (rNC89 = -0.8495*, rYY85 = -0.7839*). The degradation of starch and pigment had the same regulation and had highly significant correlation at 1 % level (rNC89= 0.9649**, rYY85= 0.9428**). There were mainly three amylase-isoenzyme bands -A, B, C respectively, in tobacco leaf during flue curing. They were identified as α-AMY, β-AMY, R-AMY, and the activity of β-AMY was the highest. The changes in amylase activity and contents of starch and pigment were affected by the tobacco leaf moisture and environmental humidity during curing.
文摘Effect of environmental humidity and water content in tobacco leaf on starch metabolism was studied by using the electric-heated auto-controlled flue-curing barn supplied by Henan Agricultural University, China. The results indicated that the degradation of starch and decrease of water content in tobacco leaf during early yellowing at low humidity was the most rapid, and the water loss was the highest while the lowest under high humidity. The duration for starch degradation under low humidity was longer than that of CK. So the starch residue in cured leaf of different treatment took the order of high humidity yellowing treatment> low humidity yellowing treatment > CK. When the leaf water content was decreased to around 50 %, the starch degradation became slow and the content of starch was stable. Starch degradation and decrease of leaf water content was not synchronous. Starch in tobacco leaf during yellowing degraded more rapidly when humidity was decreased at a high speed, but the degradation stopped earlier at late stage. There was a quicker and higher degradation of starch under high environmental humidity. When the humidity decreased to 70 %, the content of starch was stable. The activity of amylase began to decrease when relative humidity was below 75 %, but it kept a high level of activity when the environmental humidity was below 70 %.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province,China (20146015-2,20152099 and 20161097)the Special Fund for Excellent Young Talents of Guizhou Province,China (201534)the Foundation of Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,China (GZYKS2018-02)
文摘Solving high-temperature plastic mulching film-induced leaf burning in the first week during tobacco cultivation would take much time and effort. In the present study, the growth as well as the leaf sugar and nicotine contents of seedlings with or without leaf burning induced by high-temperature plastic mulching film were tested at two independent sites in 2015 and 2016 to identify the influence of leaf burning on seedling growth. The results showed that the growth of seedlings with leaf burning was improved with increased leaf area, leaf number and plant height compared to those without leaf burning, combined with an increased seedling survival rate at two sites in two years. In seedlings with leaf burning, the contents of fructose and glucose increased and peaked at 11:00 and 13:00 in the leaf and root, respectively, with an increased root nicotine content beginning at 13:00, highlighting the signalling role of sugars. Activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were all increased in seedlings with leaf burning. More plant biomass was allocated to roots in seedlings with leaf burning with increased root volume compared to control seedlings, which might facilitate the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. Our findings demonstrate that high-temperature plastic mulching film-induced leaf burning not inhibited but benefited seedling survival and growth, suggesting that the time and labour-consuming manual plucking of burnt leaves can be avoided during tobacco cultivation.
文摘The importance of controlled temperature during the four-days co-cultivation period was evaluated under the most physiologically relevant conditions for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi (nn, Smith)) leaf disks. We compared the effect of temperatures ranging from 15°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C to 25°C on the stable expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity of 14 days old hygromycin-selected leaf disks, and on the increase in the fresh weight yield of 28 days old kanamycin-selected calli. The highest average of GUS activity was obtained at 20°C among the five temperatures tested although the difference between the 18°C and 20°C treatment was not statistically significant. The GUS activity at 15°C was statistically lower than those at 18°C and 20°C. The GUS activity in 22°C treatment was an intermediate between the highest (18/20°C) and second highest averages (15°C), and was not statistically significantly different. The lowest average of GUS activity was observed at 25°C. The highest increase in the plate average of fresh weight yield was obtained at 20°C among the five temperature tested. The 20°C treatment was statistically significantly better than the 15°C and 18°C treatments. The 20°C co-cultivation treatment resulted in the higher FW yield than 22°C and 25°C even though the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, low co-cultivation temperature at 20°C resulted in the reproducible maximum increase in both the fresh weight yield and stable expression of GUS activity after transformation of tobacco leaf disks.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of China Tobacco Guizhou Provincial Corporation(201918)Guizhou Province Academic Pioneer and Academic Pioneer Construction。
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to study the occurrence regularity and life history of cigarette beetle Lasioderrma serricorne(Fabricius)in tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop.[Methods]With the tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop as the survey site,the occurrence regularity of L.serricorne was investigated,and the life history table was inferred according to its biological characteristics.The temperature,humidity and duration of tobacco leaf threshing and redrying were simulated in the laboratory to study the survival rate of all states of L.serricorne in this environment.[Results]The lifecycle of L.serricorne in tobacco leaf threshing and redrying workshop was:the overwintering generation pupated in late February;the pupa began to emerge in early March,and reached its peak in late March.The first-generation eggs started hatching in late March,pupated in late May,emerged in early June,and reached the peak eclosion of the first-generation adults in mid-July.The second-generation eggs began to hatch in late July,pupated in mid-August,emerged in late August,and reached the peak eclosion of the second-generation adults in mid-September.The third-generation eggs began to hatch in mid-September;most of the larvae began to overwinter,some pupated in mid-November and survived the winter as pupae,and some pupae emerged to adults.The survival test results of different states of L.serricorne under simulated temperature,humidity and duration in the tobacco leaf threshing and redrying process showed that the mortality rates of eggs in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 51.22%,90.24% and 100%,and the mortalities of larvae in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 18.30%,81.25%and 100%,respectively.The mortalities of pupae in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 69.39%,100% and 100%,and the mortalities of adults in simulated 1,2 and 3 conditions were about 100%,100% and 100%,respectively.[Conclusions]L.serricorne of different states can be killed by appropriately raising the temperature during threshing and redrying.
文摘This paper aims to explore comprehensive utilization way of discarded fresh tobacco leaf. Based on modern tobacco demands on green,environmental protection and sustainable development,as well as actual situation of biogas production facility in some villages of local tobacco area,this paper selects Longwan Village of Fengshiyan Town as the experimental site and explores the rational way of discarded fresh tobacco leaf biogas fermentation. Results show that cutting and fermentation of discarded fresh tobacco leaf before adding into biogas digester is conductive to improving p H in fermentation process,reducing crust amount,and effectively improving biogas production amount and rate. The study can provide reference for effective processing and rational utilization of discarded fresh tobacco leaf.