Rapid determination of leaf water content for monitoring waterlogging in winter wheat based on hyperspectral parameters

Waterlogging is becoming an obvious constraint on food production due to the frequent occurrence of extremely high-level rainfall events.Leaf water content(LWC)is an important waterlogging indicator,and hyperspectral remote sensing provides a non-destructive,real-time and reliable method to determine LWC.Thus,based on a pot experiment,winter wheat was subjected to different gradients of waterlogging stress at the jointing stage.Leaf hyperspectral data and LWC were collected every 7 days after waterlogging treatment until the winter wheat was mature.Combined with methods such as vegetation index construction,correlation analysis,regression analysis,BP neural network(BPNN),etc.,we found that the effect of waterlogging stress on LWC had the characteristics of hysteresis and all waterlogging stress led to the decrease of LWC.LWC decreased faster under severe stress than under slight stress,but the effect of long-term slight stress was greater than that of short-term severe stress.The sensitive spectral bands of LWC were located in the visible(VIS,400–780 nm)and short-wave infrared(SWIR,1400–2500 nm)regions.The BPNN Model with the original spectrum at 648 nm,the first derivative spectrum at 500 nm,the red edge position(λr),the new vegetation index RVI(437,466),NDVI(437,466)and NDVI´(747,1956)as independent variables was the best model for inverting the LWC of waterlogging in winter wheat(modeling set:R^(2)=0.889,RMSE=0.138;validation set:R^(2)=0.891,RMSE=0.518).These results have important theoretical significance and practical application value for the precise control of waterlogging stress.

Review of theoretical methods and research aspects for detecting leaf water content using terahertz spectroscopy and imaging

The water content in vegetative leaves is an important indicator to plant science.It reveals the physiological status of plants and provides valuable information in irrigation management.Terahertz(THz)as a state-of-the-art technology shows great potential in measuring and monitoring the water status in plant leaves.This paper reviewed the theoretical models for calculating water content in the plant leaves,the methods for eliminating the scattering loss caused by the surface roughness of leaf,the applications of THz spectroscopy and THz imaging for monitoring leaf water content and describing leaf water distribution.The survey of the researches presents the considerable advantages of this emerging and promising THz technology in agriculture.

Estimating leaf water content at the leaf scale in soybean inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from in situ spectral measurements

Leaf water content(LWC)of crops is a suitable parameter for evaluation of plant water status and arbuscular mycorrhizal effect on the host plant under drought stress.Remote sensing technology provides an effective avenue to estimate LWC in crops.However,few LWC retrieval models have been developed specifically for the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculated crops.In this study,soybean with inoculation and non-inoculation treatments were planted under the severe drought,moderate drought and normal irrigation levels.The LWC changes under different treatments at the 30 th,45 th and 64 th day after the inoculation were investigated,and the spectral response characteristics of inoculated and non-inoculated soybean leaves under the three drought stresses were analyzed.Five types of spectral variables/indices including:raw spectral reflectance(R),continuum-removed spectral reflectance(R C),difference vegetation index(DVI),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and ratio vegetation index(RVI)were applied to determine the best estimator of LWC.The results indicate that LWC decreased as the aggravating of drought stress levels.However,LWC in inoculated leaves was higher than that in the counterparts under the same drought stress level,and the values of raw reflectance measured at inoculated leaves were lower than the non-inoculated leaves,especially around 1900 nm and 1410 nm.These water spectral features were more evident in the corresponding continuum-removed spectral reflectance.The newly proposed DVI C(2280,1900)index,derived from the continuum-removed spectral reflectance at 2280 nm and the raw spectral reflectance at 1900 nm in DVI type of index,was the most robust for soybean LWC assessment,with R 2 value of 0.72(p<0.01)and root mean square error(RMSE)and mean absolute error(MAE)of 2.12%and 1.75%,respectively.This study provides a means to monitor the mycorrhizal effect on drought-induced crops indirectly and non-destructively.

Effects of Water Stress on Leaf Water and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Sugarcane Seedling

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of water stress on leaf water and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sugarcane seedling,as well as to provide basis for the study on sugarcane production and evaluation. [Method] Seven different sugarcane varieties were studied at the seedling stage under drought stress,and the changes of leaf water and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under stress conditions were detected. [Result] leaf water potential,leaf relative water content and soil relative water content showed a certain amount of internal relationship,the sugarcane varieties that had more tolerant to drought had higher utilization rate of soil water; the correlation analysis and factor analysis suggested that the survival rate at seedling stage under drought stress,Fv/Fm,leaf water potential and relative water content could be used as drought resistance evaluation indicators. [Conclusion] As a relatively independent influencing factor,water potential had dominating effect on drought resistance,and the reliability of Fv/Fm as drought resistance evaluation indicator had been verified.

Variations in Composition and Water Use Efficiency of Plant Functional Groups Based on Their Water Ecological Groups in the Xilin River Basin

Major plant species in the Xilin River Basin were grouped into six plant functional groups (PFGs) based on their water ecological groups: xerophytes, mesoxerophytes, xeromesophytes, mesophytes, hygromesophytes and hygrophytes. We surveyed the composition, delta(13)C values and proline concentration of PFGs in eight different plant communities along a soil moisture gradient. Results show that: (1) PFGs occurred variously in eight steppe communities with different soil moisture status. In wetter habitats, hygromesophytes and hygrophytes were more abundant and accounted for the majority of aboveground biomass, whereas xerophytes and mesoxerophytes became more conspicuous in dryer habitats; (2) the numerical order of the mean delta(13)C values of PFGs is as follows: xerophytes (-26.38parts per thousand) = mesoxerophytes (-26.51parts per thousand) > xeromesophytes (-27.02parts per thousand) > mesophytes (-27.56parts per thousand) = hygromesophytes and hygrophytes (-27.80parts per thousand); (3) xerophytes maintained relative higher delta(13)C values and water use efficiency (WUE) in habitats of different water availability, whereas delta(13)C values of xeromesophytes were more sensitive to change in soil water availability; (4) From xerophytes to hygrophytes, their proline content markedly increased. Significantly positive correlations existed between proline and biomass or delta(13)C values of different water ecological groups.

Leaf Water Status and Its Relationship with Reproductive Responses of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L.) Genotypes under Water Stress

Two tolerant (BB24 and BB43) and two susceptible (BARI busbean-2 and BB04) genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were evaluated for their water status and its relationship with reproductive responses under continuous water stress (50% field capacity) and control (80% field capacity) conditions in a net house covered with polyethylene sheet at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Under water stress condition, the susceptible genotype namely BB04 exhibited more negative leaf water potential (LWP) which was followed by that of BARI bushbean-2 in all the time of the day except at noon. The tolerant genotype namely BB24 exhibited less negative LWP at noon. The tolerant genotypes maintained higher relative water content (WRC) than the susceptible ones from dawn to dusk. The relationship between RWC and LWP was examined separately for four genotypes under water stress condition. The genotype BB24 showed a smaller decrease in RWC with more negative LWP than BB04. Water stress reduced pod setting ratio. The relationship between the leaf water status and reproductive responses showed that the genotype with a little reduction in mid-day drop of RWC or with high mid-day RWC displayed a high pod setting ratio.

基于高光谱成像技术的番茄叶片含水量检测研究

[目的]为快速检测叶片含水量,本研究探索及时监测番茄植株生长状况的在线监测模型。[方法]利用高光谱成像技术,提取195个叶片样本的平均光谱反射率。通过异常值剔除、样本集划分、5种预处理方法对原始光谱进行预处理和优化,采用连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)、无信息变量消除变换法(uninformation variable elimination,UVE)、迭代保留信息变量法(iterative retained information variable,IRIV)和遗传偏最小二乘算法(genetic partial-least-squares algorithm,GAPLS)提取特征波长,并建立偏最小二乘回归(partial-least-squares regression,PLSR)模型。基于优选的特征波长,建立PLSR、多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)以及主成分回归(principal component regression,PCR)模型和卷积神经网络模型(convolutional neural network,CNN)。[结果]优选基线校准-正交信号校正法(baseline-orthogonal signal correction,Baseline-OSC)对叶片含水量进行预处理;IRIV法提取的特征波长建立的叶片含水量定量预测模型效果最优,R^(2)c为0.489,R_(p)^(2)为0.466;基于IRIV-CNN建立的叶片含水量模型效果好(R^(2)c=0.668,RMSEC=0.019;R_(p)^(2)=0.424,RMSEP=0.033)。[结论]利用高光谱成像技术结合Baseline-OSC-IRIV-CNN模型预测番茄叶片含水量是可行的。

亚热带树种在未成林造林地的凋落物量和周转与叶片性状的关系

【目的】测定亚热带树种的叶片功能性状、凋落叶质量、凋落物量和周转期,揭示叶片性状对凋落物量和周转的影响,为杉木采伐后如何选择造林树种以改善土壤肥力提供科学依据。【方法】选取在二代杉木林采伐迹地营造的17种亚热带树种,测定其在3年生未成林造林地的凋落物量和周转期,同时测定各树种的叶片功能性状(比叶面积、干物质含量、氮含量等)和凋落叶质量(碳氮比、单宁含量、可溶性糖含量等),建立叶片性状与凋落物量和周转期的回归关系。【结果】17种树种中,米老排凋落物量最高(6.67 t·hm^(-2)a^(-1)),杉木凋落物量最低(0 t·hm^(-2)a^(-1));江南桤木凋落叶周转期最短(0.09年);深山含笑凋落叶周转期最长(1.09年)。凋落物量随比叶面积增加而增加,随叶氮含量增加而降低;凋落叶周转期随凋落叶碳氮比和单宁含量增加而增加,随凋落叶最大持水率增加而降低。【结论】在亚热带未成林造林地中,凋落物量受比叶面积和叶氮含量的影响,凋落叶周转期受凋落叶碳氮比、单宁含量和最大持水率的影响;杉木在未成林造林地阶段的凋落物归还量极少。经营亚热带人工林时,要考虑种植比叶面积和凋落叶最大持水能力较高、凋落叶单宁含量和碳氮比较低的树种,以提高林地凋落物归还量和周转速率,改善退化人工林的土壤肥力。

北京山区黄栌叶片水分和光能利用效率季节变化及影响因子

未来气候变化将影响光合环境资源供给,尤其是水分和光能。为深入了解植物对气候变化的适应性,使用LI-6800便携式光合仪,于2021年5-10月份(完全展叶期)测定了北京山区广布灌木黄栌(Cotinus coggygria)叶片的光响应曲线,分析其水分利用效率(WUE=最大净光合速率[P_(nmax)]/气孔导度[g_(s)])和光能利用效率(LUE)的季节变化特征及影响因子。结果显示:黄栌叶片WUE在5-6月份呈下降趋势,7-10月份比较稳定;LUE在5-7月份呈上升趋势,8-10月份比较稳定。WUE和LUE的生长季平均值分别为98.25μmol/mol和0.06 mol/mol,变异系数分别为22%和17%,两者呈负相关(R^(2)=0.86;P<0.01)。环境因子中,WUE和LUE主要受土壤含水量(SWC)影响,WUE随SWC增加呈线性降低趋势,而LUE随SWC增加呈线性增加趋势。SWC每增加0.1 m^(3)/m^(3),P_(nmax)和g_(s)分别线性增加4.23μmol m^(-2)s^(-1)和0.07 mol m^(-2)s^(-1),即g_(s)对SWC变化的敏感性比P_(nmax)高。光合有效辐射(PAR)对WUE和LUE的影响不显著。生物因子中,比叶面积(SLA)是影响WUE和LUE的主要因子,WUE随SLA上升而上升,LUE随SLA上升而下降。叶氮含量(LNC)与WUE和LUE均不显著相关。SWC和SLA双因子线性回归模型均可以较好模拟WUE和LUE的季节变化,解释度分别为91%和71%,且其中SWC的标准回归系数较大,说明SWC是影响WUE和LUE变异的主导因子。结果表明SWC是限制黄栌叶片WUE和LUE的主要环境因子,SLA是调控WUE和LUE的关键生物因子,其中SWC起主要调控作用。研究结果利于深入了解北京山区灌木生态功能对未来气候变化的响应。

基于无人机多光谱影像的矮林芳樟叶片含水率与叶水势反演

叶片含水率和叶水势反映植物组织中水分的状态,是衡量植物水分供应和水分利用效率的重要指标。为探究基于不同高度下无人机多光谱影像反演叶片含水率和叶水势模型的差异,本研究在3个飞行高度处理F30、F60、F100(30、60、100 m)下采集多光谱影像数据,通过使用6种光谱反射率+经验植被指数的组合与地面实测数据进行相关性分析,获得不同飞行高度下的光谱反射率+经验植被指数组合与叶片含水率和叶水势的反演模型及其决定系数,以决定系数为依据分别构建支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)和径向基神经网络(RBFNN)模型,分析不同飞行高度无人机多光谱影像反演芳樟叶片含水率和叶水势的精度。结果发现:3个飞行高度下,基于RF模型的反演精度均高于SVM模型和RBFNN模型。F30处理对叶片含水率与叶水势反演效果均优于F60和F100处理。F30处理对叶片含水率反演的敏感光谱反射率+植被指数组合为红光波段反射率(R)、红边1波段反射率(RE1)、红边2波段反射率(RE2)、近红外波段反射率(NIR)、增强型植被指数(EVI)、土壤调节植被指数(SAVI)。RF模型训练集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.845、0.548%、0.712%;测试集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.832、0.683%、0.897%。对叶水势反演的敏感光谱反射率+植被指数组合为R、RE2、NIR、EVI、SAVI、花青素反射指数(ARI)。RF模型训练集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.814、0.073 MPa、3.550%;测试集的R2、RMSE、MRE分别为0.806、0.095 MPa、4.250%。研究结果表明飞行高度30 m与RF方法分别为反演叶片含水率和叶水势的最优光谱获取高度与最优模型构建方法。本研究可为基于无人机平台的矮林芳樟水分监测提供技术支持,并可为筛选无人机多光谱波段与经验植被指数、实现植物长势参数快速估测提供应用参考。

基于高光谱成像技术的结球甘蓝叶片水分监测

【目的】实现对结球甘蓝叶片含水量的无损检测,为结球甘蓝田间水分管理提供参考依据。【方法】在结球甘蓝的整个生长季设置23.33 L/株(CK)、11.33 L/株(W1)、15.33 L/株(W2)、19.33 L/株(W3)、27.33 L/株(W4)、28.33 L/株(W5)共6个灌水量处理,收集结球甘蓝莲座期和结球期各99个结球甘蓝叶片样本光谱数据,采用卷积平滑法(Savitzky-Golay)、移动平均法(Moving average)、归一化法(Normalization)和多元散射矫正(Multiple scattering correction)进行预处理,连续投影算法(Successive project-ion algorithm)进行特征提取,多元线性回归模型(Multiple linear regression)进行建模。【结果】在波段400~1000 nm,不同灌水量的结球甘蓝叶片含水量模型的预测精度差异明显。经过预处理的原始光谱建立的预测模型精度均有一定程度提高,其中Savitzky-Golay预处理效果最好。特征提取方法提高了光谱数据质量和准确性;在结球甘蓝莲座期和结球期优选出连续投影算法进行特征波段提取最佳,分别筛选出5和6个特征波长,2个时期筛选出的特征波长基本都在一定的水分敏感波段范围。在结球甘蓝莲座期和结球期,通过多元线性回归建模方法建立的结球甘蓝叶片含水量预测模型都取得了比主成分回归和偏最小二乘回归更高的预测精度;多元线性回归模型的校正集相关系数和均方根误差在莲座期为0.8927和0.8757,在结球期为0.9167和0.9014。【结论】高光谱技术可成功监测结球甘蓝叶片在不同生育期的含水量,为农田水分管理提供依据,为精准灌溉提供技术支撑。

离散小波去噪后冬小麦叶片含水量高光谱估算

光谱噪声去除是遥感区域应用的必要过程,噪声去除效果能直接影响区域地表信息的监测精度。为分析离散小波算法对光谱数据的分解机理,探寻基于离散小波算法光谱噪声信息去除与光谱处理方法,以冬小麦冠层光谱与叶片含水量为数据源,先利用离散小波算法对光谱数据进行去噪处理,采用的小波基为Meyer;然后以Meyer、Sym2、Coif2为小波基对去噪后的光谱数据进行信息分离,并结合相关性分析算法、偏最小二乘算法构建冬小麦叶片含水量估测模型,研究结论如下:(1)在离散小波算法下,合并的光谱曲线随合并尺度数的不断增加,原光谱曲线局部的大、中、小特征依次凸显;随H10—H1分解尺度的依次加入,分解信息对合并曲线的修正幅度也逐步减弱,其中,将H3—H1依次合并后,合并的光谱曲线几乎无变动。(2)提出的去噪方法可在一定程度上改变了部分光谱对冬小麦叶片含水量的敏感性及敏感波段的分布:其中在1~3尺度内,降低了光谱对冬小麦叶片含水量的敏感性,改变了敏感波段的波段位置的分布情况。在4~10尺度内,能明显提升光谱对冬小麦叶片含水量的敏感性(Coif2);提出的去噪方法可提升局部波段对冬小麦叶片含水量的敏感性(Sym2)。(3)提出的去噪方法能明显提升光谱对模型的稳定性,能提升Sym2、Coif2小波基内最优模型的精度与稳定性,其中验证精度提高了8.6%(Sym2)、34.1%(Coif2),表明该研究提出的去噪处理是有效的。

基于机器学习的油菜叶片水分含量高光谱估测

含水率是影响光合作用的重要因素之一,为了构建效果更好、更具普适性的油菜叶片含水量(leaf water content,LWC)定量监测模型,以蕾薹期、初花期油菜叶片为研究对象,采用自然风干法去除叶片水分,同步采集叶片质量和光谱信息。为了降低干扰以及消除噪声,采用标准正态变量变换、Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑算法(SG平滑)、多元散射校正、一阶求导和二阶求导5种方法对光谱数据进行预处理,并结合偏最小二乘法(partial least squares,PLS)分析选取最优预处理方法;采用连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)筛选预处理后的光谱特征变量,获得对水分含量变化敏感的特征波长;利用支持向量机(support vector regression,SVR)和BP神经网络(back-propagation neural network,BPNN)方法,以特征波长建立的光谱指数为自变量建立油菜叶片水分含量估算模型。结果表明:采用多元散射校正预处理综合表现最好,2个生育期预测集相关系数均达到0.71以上;通过SPA法选择特征变量,分别筛选出特征波长,其中蕾薹期6个,初花期7个;在蕾薹期和初花期叶片水分含量预测模型中,基于SVR模型和BPNN模型建立的模型预测集决定系数(R^(2))均在0.800以上,均能实现油菜叶片水分含量的精准监测,其中SVR模型预测效果优于BPNN模型,R^(2)分别为0.857和0.827,RMSE分别为1.791和1.521。因此,利用油菜叶片高光谱建模反演油菜叶片含水率能准确监测油菜叶片含水率,可为精准农业水分管理提供理论参考。

18种城市园林树种光合耐脱水能力及抗旱性综合评价

随着未来全球气候变化导致的温度上升和蒸气压亏缺增加,筛选耐旱性强的城市园林树种对城市绿化具有十分重要的意义。本研究比较18种城市园林树种的叶光合耐脱水能力(脱水曲线上PSⅡ潜在量子效率开始下降时对应的相对含水量,RWC_(crit))的差异及与叶形态(叶面积、比叶质量、叶干物质含量、叶厚度和叶密度)、解剖结构(气孔密度、气孔长、气孔指数及上表皮、下表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织、维管束鞘厚度及占横截面面积的比例)的关系和18种园林树种的抗旱能力。结果表明,18种树种的RWC_(crit)在30.2%~58.0%,平均值为44.7%,18种树种的光合耐脱水能力RWC_(crit)与叶面积呈显著正相关,与叶横截面下表皮面积所占比例呈显著负相关,18种园林树种的RWC_(crit)与其综合抗旱能力变化趋势一致。研究结果表明,RWC_(crit)可以作为耐旱性指标预测园林树种的耐旱性,对未来城市耐旱树种筛选和合理经营有一定价值。

干旱胁迫和复水对掌叶木幼苗叶片结构和水分状况的影响

为给喀斯特地区石漠化治理和掌叶木(Handeliodendron bodinieri)的人工繁育提供科学依据,以1年生掌叶木幼苗为试材,通过自然干旱试验,测定干旱胁迫和复水条件下叶片的水分参数,观察解剖结构变化,探究干旱胁迫和复水对掌叶木幼苗叶片解剖结构和水分含量的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫第0~15天,含水量、相对含水量和水分饱和亏缺均变化较小;干旱胁迫第18天,含水量和相对含水量均降低,水分饱和亏缺增加。干旱胁迫第12天,自由水含量最高,束缚水含量最低;干旱胁迫第18天,束缚水含量最高,自由水含量最低。干旱胁迫第0~18天,上表皮和海绵组织厚度均呈下降趋势,栅海比和组织结构紧密度均呈上升趋势;气孔宽度和气孔面积均呈下降趋势,气孔长度变化不显著,气孔密度呈先升后降的趋势。复水后,含水量、自由水和束缚水含量均快速恢复,气孔宽度、气孔长度、气孔密度和气孔面积均增加,组织结构紧密度降低,组织结构疏松度增加,说明幼苗具有较强的耐旱能力和复水后恢复能力。

基于神经网络的烟叶复烤回潮过程预测控制模型构建

针对烟叶复烤回潮过程系统复杂、参数耦合干扰、时间滞后等问题,以两段式烟叶复烤回潮工艺为研究对象,依据生产中工艺参数实时数据,构建了基于支持向量机(SVM)神经网络的烟叶复烤回潮过程预测控制模型。该模型通过训练学习,可以准确描述出口含水率与其他工艺参数之间的内在关系,有效预测二次润叶出口含水率,最大绝对误差不超过0.45%,为烟叶复烤回潮工艺提供了可行的预测控制方案,有利于出口含水率的有效调控,对烟丝生产加工具有重要的指导意义。

Effect of Kaolin Film Particle Applications (Surround WP^®) and Water Deficit on Physiological Characteristics in Rose Cut Plants (<i>Rose spp</i>L.)

The effect of foliar applications of a kaolin clay particle film (Surround WP) on leaf temperature (Tlf), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), shoot length, production and water relations in well-irrigated and water-stressed rose cut plants (Rose spp) were studied during ten weeks. Plants were sprayed twice at first and fifth week after the experiment started with aqueous suspensions of Kaolin (Surround) at a dose of 5% (w/v). The interaction between Kaolin applications and water status did not showed significances. Water stress decreased the stomatal conductance (gs), leaf water content (LWC), shoot length and the number of marketable floral stems. Kaolin sprays did not affect on SPAD readings, chlorophyll fluorescence, gs, LWC and shoot length. Kaolin reduced leaf temperature by 2.5°C approximately at midday compared to plants non-sprayed with kaolin. These results show that kaolin foliar applications could be considered an useful tool at early growth stage in improving rose plant acclimation to high temperatures levels under greenhouse conditions in tropical regions.

Growth and Physiological Performance of Aerobic and Lowland Rice as Affected by Water Stress at Selected Growth Stages

Aerobic rice technology is still new in Malaysia, and information regarding MARDI Aerob 1(MA1), the first local aerobic rice variety, is still lacking. Therefore, comparative studies were carried out to determine the physiological performance of aerobic rice variety MA1 and lowland rice variety MR253 under water stress given at the panicle initiation, flowering and ripening stages. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design. Stomatal conductance(g_s), chlorophyll a fluorescence(F_v/F_m), leaf relative water content(leaf RWC), and soil moisture content(SMC) as well as yield component parameters such as panicle number, grain yield and 100-grain weight were measured. Results revealed that gs and leaf RWC for both varieties decreased with depletion of SMC. The correlation study between the physiological parameters and SMC indicated that F_v/F_m was not affected by water stress, regardless of varieties. The yield components(panicle number, grain yield and 100-grain weight) for both varieties greatly decreased when water stress was imposed at the panicle initiation stage. This study showed that the panicle initiation period was the most sensitive stage to water stress that contributed to a substantial reduction in yield for both varieties. Under the aerobic condition(control), MR253 produced higher panicle number, 100-grain weight and yield than MA1. Although MR253 is bred for lowland, it is well adapted to aerobic condition.

Responses in gas exchange and water status between drought-tolerant and-susceptible soybean genotypes with ABA application

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological responses of drought-tolerant and drought-susceptible soybean genotypes to exogenous abscisic acid(ABA) application during progressive soil drying at seedling stages. Five-day old soybean seedlings were transplanted into PVC tubes filled with soil mixture. Seedlings were watered daily with similar water volumes until second trifoliate leaves emerged, and thereafter soil drying with or without exogenous ABA application was imposed. Half of the seedlings of each genotype were left for regular watering as control plants. Soil water status declined significantly over seven days of withholding water supply for both genotypes. Leaf expansion rate, stomatal conductance(g_s), leaf water potential(ψ_w), and relative water content of leaves(%RWC) declined significantly under soil drying as well as soil drying with ABA application, compared to their values for well-watered soybean genotypes. However, a drought-tolerant genotype(C12) responded more rapidly than a drought-susceptible genotype(C08) after imposition of soil drying and soil drying with exogenous ABA. In addition, application of exogenous ABA to water-restricted soybeans resulted in higher %RWC and ψwin the drought-tolerant than in the drought-susceptible genotype. Compared to the drought-susceptible genotype, the drought-tolerant genotype was more responsive to exogenous ABA application, resulting in a higher root-to-shoot ratio.

便携式玉米叶片含水率无损检测仪的设计与试验

【目的】设计一款便携式玉米叶片含水率检测仪,以实现植物叶片含水率的无损和快速现场检测。【方法】基于玉米叶片中的水分在波长980和1050 nm附近有吸收峰的现象,以峰值波长为980和1050 nm的发光二极管为便携式玉米叶片含水率检测仪的光源。分别以STC12C5A60S2单片机、数字光电传感器TSL2561和有机发光二极管为检测仪的控制器、检测器和显示器,采用C51语言编写检测仪的软件。以‘咸科858’和‘咸科602’两个玉米品种的叶片为对象,分析玉米叶片湿基含水率与波长980和1050 nm处吸光度值的关系,建立预测玉米叶片含水率的模型,将模型导入检测仪并对其性能进行测试。【结果】玉米叶片吸光度随含水率的增大而减小,可用二元一次关系式拟合叶片含水率与吸光度的关系,其相关系数为0.84。同国标规定的干燥法相比,该便携式检测仪对玉米叶片含水率的绝对测量误差为-6.3%~6.0%,平均误差为-0.1%,输出含水率的变异系数平均值为2.03%,每个样品的检测时间约为2 s。【结论】所设计的便携式玉米叶片含水率检测仪操作简单,结果可靠,可为其他植物叶片含水率的无损快速检测提供参考。