Leaf stable carbon isotope composition in Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica in relation to leaf physiological and morphological characteristics along an altitudinal gradient

To understand the effects of leaf physiological and morphological characteristics on δ13C of alpine trees, we examined leaf δ13C value, LA, SD, LNC, LPC, LKC, Chla+b, LDMC, LMA and Narea in one-year-old needles of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica at ten points along an altitudinal gradient from 1420 m to 2300 m a.s.l. on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in northwest China. Our results indicated that all the leaf traits differed significantly among sampling sites along the altitudinal gradient(P<0.001). LA, SD, LPC, LKC increased linearly with increasing elevation, whereas leaf δ13C, LNC, Chla+b, LDMC, LMA and Narea varied non-linearly with changes in altitude. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that four controlled physiological and morphological characteristics influenced the variation of δ13C. Among these four controlled factors, LKC was the most profound physiological factor that affected δ13C values, LA was the secondary morphological factor, SD was the third morphological factor, LNC was the last physiological factor. This suggested that leaf δ13C was directly controlled by physiological and morphological adjustments with changing environmental conditions due to the elevation.

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics in Flag Leaves of the C Liangyou Series of Hybrid Rice Combinations at Late Growth Stages

The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and thiobarbitudc acid reaction substance （TBARS）, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rate as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） of flag leaves at the late growth stages were studied by using C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinitions as material and Shanyou 63 as control. The C Liangyou series of hybrid rice combinations used in the experiment included C Liangyou 396, C Liangyou 87, C Liangyou 755 and C Liangyou 34, which all used C815S as male sterile line. The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars and soluble proteins in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations at the late growth stages were higher than those of the control, whereas the TBARS content was lower than that of the control. The activities of SOD and POD were significantly higher than those of the control on the 7th day after heading, and then decreased slowly. ~bps, value and qp value of flag leaves decreased at the late growth stages, and these two parameters in flag leaves of the C Liangyou series combinations were higher than those of the control, while the qN value increased at the late growth stages and was lower than that of the control. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the late growth stage was higher compared with the control. These results suggest that slow senescence and strong photosynthetic capability in flag leaves at the late growth stages are the physiological basis of the C Liangyou series combinations.

施氮量对裸燕麦源库生理特性和茎鞘NSC积累与转运的影响

为探究施氮量对燕麦源库生理特性和茎鞘间非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累和转运的影响,2021年和2022年选取穗粒数差异大的两个裸燕麦品种坝莜1号(穗粒数多)和定莜8号(穗粒数少)为试验材料,设置0、100和200 kg·hm^(-2)3个施氮水平,测定和分析了不同氮素供应条件下燕麦叶片光合指标、粒叶比、茎鞘NSC积累量(TMNSC)、NSC表观转运量(ATMNSC)及其对籽粒产量表观贡献率(ACNSC)的差异。结果表明,施氮对2个燕麦品种的籽粒产量具有增加效应,其中在施氮100 kg·hm^(-2)时产量最高。在100 kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理下,坝莜1号的旗叶面积、SPAD值、Pn和籽粒产量两年平均值较不施氮处理分别提高57.57%、80.70%、101.68%和40.15%,定莜8号分别提高43.70%、44.33%、69.49%和37.36%;坝莜1号的ATMNSC、ACNSC和粒叶比两年平均值较不施氮处理分别增加767.25 g、1.96倍和54.55%,定莜8号分别增加859.52 g、8.26倍和43.25%。综合以上结果,增施氮肥对两品种均有显著正向影响,坝莜1号表现出更优的源、库活性,从而获得更高的穗粒数,达到增产目的;定莜8号则表现出更优的源-库关系,增大库器官对源物质的“拉力”,促进NSC由茎鞘向籽粒的转运,弥补生育前期光合能力较弱导致的同化物质生产的不足,从而促进源库协调,提高籽粒产量。

Effects of Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth, Antioxidant Activity and Expression of Related Genes in Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li

This study aimed to examine the effects of inoculating Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li leaves with different strains ofpotassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB), or combinations thereof, focusing on aspects of photosynthesis and physiologicaland biochemical characteristics. At present, some studies have only studied the rhizosphere microbialcommunity characteristics of F. taipaiensis and have not discussed the effects of different microbial species on thegrowth promotion of F. taipaiensis. This paper will start from the perspective of potassium-solubilizing bacteria toconduct an in-depth study. Seed cultivation commenced at the base with three different KSBs in early October2022. The growth of F. taipaiensis leaves was observed after different treatments. Both single-plant and compoundinoculations were executed. A total of eight treatment groups were established, with aseptic fertilizer and sterilizedsoil functioning as the control group. The results reveal that intercellular CO_(2) concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance(Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) were at their apex in the S7 group. Most treatment groups exhibited anincrease in leaf area, photosynthetic pigment content, soluble sugar, soluble protein, Superoxide Dismutase(SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT) activities, and proline content. The expression levels of POD, SOD,and CAT genes were evaluated, following inoculation with different KSB. The highest was the S7 group. Theinoculation with various KSB, or combinations thereof, appears to bolster the growth and development of F. taipaiensis.The composite inoculation group S7, comprising Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia cepacia, and Bacillus subtilis,manifested the most favorable impact on the diverse indices of F. taipaiensis, thereby furnishing valuableinsights for the selection of bacterial fertilizer in the artificial cultivation of F. taipaiensis.

Effects of Aerated Irrigation on Leaf Senescence at Late Growth Stage and Grain Yield of Rice

With the japonica inbred cultivar Xiushui 09, indica hybrid combinations Guodao 6 and Liangyoupeijiu as materials, field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to study the effects of aerated irrigation on leaf senescence at late growth stage and grain yield of rice. The dissolved oxygen concentration of aerated water evidently increased and decreased at a slow rate. The soil oxidation-reduction potential under aerated irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK, contributing to significant increases in effective panicles, seed setting rate and grain yield. In addition, the aerated irrigation improved root function, increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde content in flag leaves at post-flowering, which delayed leaf senescence process, prolonged leaf functional activity and led to enhanced grain filling.

Foliar K application delays leaf senescence of winter rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) under waterlogging

To better understand waterlogging effect on leaf senescence in winter rapseed (Brassica napus L.) during flowering stage, experiments were designed to explore foliar K application influences on adverse effects of waterlogging stress. Winter rapeseed was sprayed with K after waterlogging at initial flowering stage. Results indicated that waterlogging significantly decreased leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr). It also declined maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦPS II) and photochemical quenching (qP), but increased leaf non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and minimal fluorescence (Fo). Interestingly, exogenous application of K significantly alleviated waterlogging-induced photosynthesis inhibition. Foliar K application increased RuBisCO activation, chlorophyll and soluble protein contents, while significantly decreased MDA content under waterlogging stress. Moreover, K supplementation improved accumulation of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, N, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+ in leaves. In general, foliar K application is effective inalleviating deleterious effects of waterlogging stress and delays leaf senescence of winter rapeseed.

Study on Growth Rules and Photosynthetic Physiology of Biennial Container Seedlings and Bare Root Seedlings of Phoebe

Transplantation experiment was carried out using biennial container seedlings and bare root seedlings of Phoebe zhennan S. Lee as materials. In the experiment,it measured the growth indicators such as the seedling height,basal diameter,and number of branches and leaves. Besides,it also measured net photosynthetic rate( Pn),transpiration rate( Tr),stomatal conductance( Gs),intercellular CO_2 concentration( Ci) and soluble sugar,soluble protein,malondialdehyde( MDA) content,superoxide dismutase activity and root activity. The results indicated that the growth indicators of the Phoebe container seedlings performed the best in the plant height,basal diameter,and number of branches and leaves; photosynthetic capacity was the strongest,and the fertilization could enhance the photosynthetic capacity of seedlings; soluble sugar,soluble protein content,superoxide dismutase activity and root activity of Phoebe container seedlings were higher than that of bare root seedlings.

不同苜蓿品种叶片特征、光合生理特性与产量性状的比较

以国内外引进的8个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种为试验材料,对比研究不同品种的叶片特征、产量性状和光合生理特性,采用相关性分析和通径分析法,探讨其与产量的关联性,以期为高产紫花苜蓿种质的筛选提供依据。结果表明:供试紫花苜蓿品种单株干重的变幅为0.88~1.21 g;各性状与单株干重的相关性按大小排序依次为:单株叶干重>比叶重>蒸腾速率>单株叶片数>叶形指数,单株叶干重是最突出的叶片特征指标。对单株干重的影响程度从大到小依次为:比叶重>气孔导度>可溶性蛋白>株高>蔗糖>可溶性糖>叶绿素总量,其中,比叶重是单株干重的主要决定因子。综上,高产紫花苜蓿种质筛选的重要指标包括:单株叶干重和比叶重,8个紫花苜蓿品种中‘甘农9号’、‘WL319HQ’和‘SG501’的单株干重、单株叶干重和比叶重均较大,可作为高产种质在育种工作中加以研究利用。

钙肥不同水平对高温夏季生姜幼苗的生理特征和叶绿素荧光的影响

为探明钙对生姜幼苗生长发育的调控机制,对生姜夏季安全生产提供理论依据及技术途径,笔者以“莱芜大姜”为试材,以不添加钙为对照,用盆栽培养方法,研究Ca(NO_(3))_(2)浓度分别为2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,12.5g·株^(-1)对夏季高温时生姜幼苗叶片生理及光合特征的影响.结果显示,随着高温时间的持续,未施Ca肥处理的生姜叶片硝酸还原酶活性、色素含量及光合作用参数逐渐降低,电解质渗透率增加;Fv/Fm,ФPSII,Fv'/Fm',qP和P持续下降,而NPQ恰好相反.添加Ca(NO_(3))_(2)可有效缓解夏季高温对生姜植株的伤害,表现为生姜植株的电解质渗透率数值下降,生姜叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量升高,抑制生姜叶片硝酸还原酶NR活性及光合效率Pn的下降幅度;PSII的正常生理功能得以维护,叶绿素荧光参数得到有效改善.生姜叶片的各测定指标随Ca(NO_(3))_(2)浓度的增大出现先升后降或先降后升的趋势,Ca(NO_(3))_(2)浓度为10.0g·株^(-1)时,各处理的指标达到最佳,超过该最适浓度值后,各测定指标均出现下降或上升.以上表明,合适浓度的Ca(NO_(3))_(2)能有效提高叶片光合性能,增强夏季生姜幼苗的耐热性.

适时一次灌溉对8个冬小麦品种产量和生理特性的影响

为了探讨适时一次灌溉的灌溉效果和增产机制,以黄淮海麦区主推的8个小麦品种为材料,在大田和池栽条件下,设置适时一次灌溉和无灌溉(自然降雨)2种处理,测定抽穗期、灌浆前期、灌浆中期、灌浆后期旗叶生理指标和成熟期籽粒产量,研究适时一次灌溉对冬小麦产量和旗叶生理特性的影响。结果表明,适时一次灌溉改善了4个生育时期的旗叶生理特性。大田、池栽条件下适时一次灌溉处理旗叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别较无灌溉处理增加23.63%~39.07%、27.82%~54.53%,过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加16.39%~53.76%、16.93%~38.62%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增加33.74%~51.59%、26.13%~45.06%,可溶性糖含量增加27.73%~46.34%、24.75%~37.31%,脯氨酸含量增加26.29%~37.84%、21.41%~41.33%,可溶性蛋白含量增加16.56%~42.06%、14.85%~31.69%,净光合速率增加11.51%~47.25%、24.36%~43.33%,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降12.32%~18.64%、14.85%~22.79%,小麦籽粒产量平均增加17.95%和29.27%。适时一次灌溉条件下,不同品种间比较,以周麦32和周麦36较无灌溉增产幅度较大,分别为31.50%和28.23%,可作为丰产抗旱性品种在有限灌溉旱作区进行推广。本研究结果为冬小麦适时一次灌溉研究及品种优化布局提供了参考。

不同水稻品种苗期叶片生理特性对高温胁迫的响应

【目的】系统研究高温胁迫对水稻苗期叶片生理特性的影响及其与水稻品种耐热性的关系,为制定耐热水稻品种的育种策略提供科学依据。【方法】以8个籼稻品种和8个粳稻品种为材料,在苗期设置对照(白天(07:00-19:00)28℃,夜晚(19:00-07:00)22℃,CK)和高温胁迫(白天(07:00-19:00)42℃,夜晚(19:00-07:00)35℃,HS)2种处理方式,根据幼苗存活率将供试品种分为高抗、中抗、敏感和高度敏感4个耐热性等级,研究高温胁迫对不同耐热性水稻品种苗期叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量、活性氧(ROS)积累、质膜损伤、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质和内源激素含量的影响。【结果】高温胁迫下,东稻4号、湘两优2号、黄华占和长白9号的幼苗存活率较高,是苗期耐热性高抗品种;湘两优900、泰优390、郑旱6号、武运粳21、粤王丝苗和吉粳515是苗期耐热性高度敏感品种。与CK相比,HS处理导致苗期水稻叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量及内源IAA、Z+ZR和GA_(3)含量下降,ROS积累、质膜损伤(MDA含量和相对电导率)、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT和APX)活性、渗透调节物质(脯氨酸和可溶性糖)含量和内源ABA含量升高。高温胁迫下,耐热性水稻品种苗期叶片的相对含水量,叶绿素含量,SOD、POD和CAT活性及内源ABA含量均显著高于热敏感品种,ROS含量、相对电导率和MDA含量显著低于热敏感品种,APX活性、渗透调节物质含量及内源IAA、Z+ZR和GA_(3)含量无显著差异。高温胁迫下,水稻苗期叶片ROS积累量、抗氧化酶活性、质膜损伤程度和内源ABA含量与水稻苗期的存活率极显著相关,可作为耐热水稻品种筛选的参考评价指标。【结论】高温胁迫诱导水稻叶片ROS过量积累,引发氧化胁迫是导致叶片枯萎的重要原因,提高抗氧化防御能力和内源ABA信号通路是水稻抵抗高温胁迫的重要途径,可作为耐高温水稻种质资源的重要育种策略。

冷冻胁迫对不同抗寒性甘蓝型冬油菜叶片结构和生理指标的影响

为明确我国北方不同抗寒性甘蓝型冬油菜响应冷冻胁迫后的生理差异,以强抗寒甘蓝型冬油菜品系2016TS(G)10和弱抗寒品种天油2288为材料进行低温处理,通过观察植株形态、叶片显微结构和超微结构,测定叶片相对电导率(REL),丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、可溶性糖(SS)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量,净光合速率(P_n)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i))、叶绿素含量等指标。研究结果表明:2016TS(G)10和天油2288在-2℃的冷冻胁迫下植株表型和存活率差异最显著。在-2℃持续胁迫24 h的过程中,2个材料的REL,MDA、SP、SS、Pro含量,P_n、C_(i),叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量及叶绿素a/b生理指标变化趋势基本一致,但强抗寒品系2016TS(G)10叶片中的SP、SS含量较弱抗寒品种天油2288分别增加了5.10%和29.69%(P≤0.01),REL和MDA含量分别下降了4.8%和17.9%(P≤0.01)。在-2℃下,2016TS(G)10叶片叶绿体结构完整,有较多淀粉粒的积累;而天油2288叶片叶绿体破裂、降解,无淀粉粒。室温恢复48 h后,强抗寒的2016TS(G)10表型和P_n恢复能力更强。因此,鉴定北方强冬性甘蓝型冬油菜抗寒性需要在0℃~-4℃的低温进行,叶片叶绿体结构和数量的稳定,尤其是淀粉粒的积累是影响北方强冬性甘蓝型冬油菜抗寒性的重要因素。

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀固沙对典型沙生植物叶片性状和生理特性的影响

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(microorganism induced carbonate precipitation,MICP)能够填充土壤孔隙,减少水分蒸发和增强风沙土的抗风蚀性,其防风固沙效果已得到证实,但其对沙生植物叶片性状和生长生理过程的影响尚不明确,为揭示微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀固沙对沙生植物叶性状和光合生理特征的影响,以沙蓬(Agriophyllum squarrosum)、斜茎黄芪(Astragalus laxmannii)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)、蒙古羊柴(Corethrodendron fruticosum)4种沙生植物为研究对象,开展室内盆栽试验,对比分析不同菌剂施用量(高、中、低)和固结层位置(下、中、上)处理下沙生植物的叶性状和生理特性。结果表明,①微生物诱导碳酸钙分布在风沙土颗粒间,且呈立方体形、菱形、球形和不定形等多种晶态,能够胶结风沙土颗粒。②菌剂处理显著提高了4种沙生植物土壤的有机质和碳酸钙含量;施加高水平菌剂时,固结层下处理组沙蓬和斜茎黄芪土壤的有机质和碳酸钙含量显著高于其他处理组;其中斜茎黄芪土壤有机质含量的增幅最大,为90.19%,柠条锦鸡儿土壤碳酸钙含量增幅最大,为41.47%。③高水平菌剂处理组沙蓬的比叶面积显著高于其他处理组,平均提高0.98%;低水平菌剂处理组沙蓬和斜茎黄芪的叶干物质含量显著高于其他处理组,分别平均提高34.11%和24.18%。固结层中处理组沙蓬、斜茎黄芪和柠条锦鸡儿的比叶面积显著低于其他处理组。④高水平菌剂处理组沙蓬、斜茎黄芪和柠条锦鸡儿的叶绿素含量显著高于其他处理组,分别平均提高9.01%、12.97%和31.77%;中水平菌剂处理组沙蓬、高水平菌剂处理组斜茎黄芪和柠条锦鸡儿的最大净光合速率显著高于其他处理组,分别平均提高55.70%、48.39%和13.24%。综上,施加菌剂能够提高土壤有机质和碳酸钙含量,为植物生长提供充足的养分,因此沙蓬、斜茎黄芪和柠条锦鸡儿的光合生理特性显著高于对照组,但植物叶性状对土壤有机质和碳酸钙含量响应不显著。微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀固沙对中水平菌剂处理沙蓬、高水平菌剂处理斜茎黄芪和柠条锦鸡儿的叶性状和光合生理特性有促进作用,但是对蒙古羊柴的叶性状和光合生理特性有抑制作用。以上研究结果为丰富完善微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀固沙技术提供理论依据和科学支撑。

微生物菌剂与大蒜油配施对银叶病苹果叶片生理特性及果实品质的影响

【目的】银叶病严重威胁苹果产量和品质,探究微生物菌剂与大蒜油配施对苹果银叶病叶片生理特性及果实品质的影响。【方法】试验以患银叶病苹果树为材料,将微生物菌剂与不同浓度大蒜油配施,连续2年采用穴灌根的方法对患病植株进行田间试验,对比不同处理对患病苹果树叶片生理特性及果实品质的影响。【结果】1)处理L5(2.5 kg微生物菌剂/株+250 mL大蒜油/株)和L6(2.5 kg微生物菌剂/株+350 mL大蒜油/株)使1年生患病枝条叶片恢复效果较好,叶片翠绿色富有光泽,叶面积、叶周长、大叶宽、大叶长、叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖质量分数均显著增加,丙二醛含量显著降低,且L5效果最好;2)微生物菌剂与大蒜油配施显著提高了苹果果实硬度、可溶性固形物质量分数、抗坏血酸含量、固酸比、糖酸比,降低了可滴定酸质量分数,以L5处理效果最好。【结论】微生物菌剂与大蒜油配施可以缓解苹果银叶病病叶生理状态,提高果实品质,配施2.5 kg微生物菌剂/株+250 mL大蒜油/株效果最好。

氮肥后移对高温胁迫下春小麦旗叶生理特性和产量的影响

[目的]探究氮肥后移对高温胁迫下春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)旗叶膜脂过氧化作用、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量和产量的影响,筛选缓解春小麦花后高温早衰的科学施肥方法。[方法]2022年3月至2023年9月,以宁3015为试验材料,在宁夏农垦平吉堡农六队试验基地进行试验。采用裂区试验设计,主区为温度,设(25±2)℃(常温RT)和(35±2)℃(高温HT),副区为氮肥运筹。施氮总量一定(300 kg·N·km^(-2)),2022年设G1(分蘖期30%)、G2(拔节期30%)、G3(孕穗期30%)、G4(抽穗期20%)和G5(灌浆期20%)共5种施肥方式,2023年由前一年试验结果筛选出G1(分蘖期30%)、G3(孕穗期30%)和G5(灌浆期20%)共3个处理。于开花期开始取样,每5天取样一次,测定旗叶膜脂过氧化作用、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质等指标。[结果]连续两年氮肥运筹试验中旗叶的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、脯氨酸(Pro)含量和产量均在G5处理达到最高,丙二醛(MDA)和膜透性均在G5处理下最低,且与G1处理存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。根据皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析可知,春小麦籽粒产量和SOD、POD、CAT活性和脯氨酸含量显著正相关(P<0.05),与MDA含量和膜透性显著负相关(P<0.05)。综合评价表明,2022和2023年氮肥运筹的主成分得分排序为G5>G3>G4>G2>G1和G5>G3>G1,两年试验结果趋势一致。[结论]适当的氮肥后移可以降低高温胁迫下春小麦旗叶膜脂过氧化作用,增加抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,进而增加产量,本试验中灌浆期施氮总量20%的处理较为适宜。

携带白化转绿型叶色标记光温敏核不育系玉兔S的选育及其特征特性

以我国主栽的籼型光温敏核不育系培矮 6 4S为起始材料 ,利用 30 0Gy的6 0 Co γ射线辐照干种子 ,经多代选择选育了一个携带白化转绿型叶色标记的新型不育系玉兔S。该不育系苗期性状明显比原亲本培矮 6 4S差 ,但成熟期的主要农艺性状、育性特征、配合力、抗病性及稻米品质均与培矮 6 4S相仿。补偿性生理机制研究表明 ,在分蘖、拔节和开花阶段玉兔S叶绿体内腺苷酸激酶和RuBP羧化酶的活性要比培矮 6 4S高。遗传研究表明 ,白化转绿型突变性状受单隐性基因控制 ,并在幼苗阶段特异性表达。对不育系玉兔S在两系杂交水稻生产中的应用前景作了讨论。

S－3307对油菜幼苗内源激素IAA、ABA及ZT含量水平的影响

本文研究了Ｓ－３３０７对油菜幼苗内源ＩＡＡ、ＡＢＡ和ＺＴ水平的影响，并就幼苗的形态效应和某些生理特性进行探讨。结果表明，三叶期叶面喷施Ｓ－３３０７后，内源脱落酸的水平处理与对照无差异，生长素水平下降，而玉米素水平明显提高；试验结果还表明，三叶期喷施２５－７５ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度Ｓ－３３０７能防止高脚苗，提高叶绿素含量，促进根系生长，增加根系氧化力，增加干物质重量；其在油菜生产中的适用浓度为５０ｍｇ／Ｌ。

EDDS处理对硒胁迫下彩叶草根系FTIR-ATR、SEM-EDXS特征及生理特性的影响

为了解乙二胺二琥珀酸(EDDS)诱导植物耐受硒(Se)胁迫的生理机制,以彩叶草(Coleus blumei)为材料,采用营养液培养的方法、借助傅里叶变换-衰减全反射红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)和扫描电子显微镜-X-射线能量色散谱(SEM-EDXS)分析方法及生理指标的变化,研究1.0 mg/L Se胁迫条件下添加0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5、5.0 mmol/L EDDS对彩叶草根系化学成分变化的影响。利用FTIR-ATR图谱分析发现,随着EDDS处理浓度的提高,彩叶草根系透射峰所对应峰形基本不变,而参与Se吸附的基团如羟基、酰胺基和指纹区等的透射峰发生了不同程度的位移。FTIR-ATR的特征峰与彩叶草根系响应Se胁迫的各生理指标变化趋势基本一致,且FTIR-ATR比传统的生理指标测定更敏感、便捷。SEM-EDXS扫描还发现随着EDDS处理浓度的升高,根系中K、Mg、Fe、Si等元素的含量升高,而营养元素Ca含量降低。该研究结果可为深入了解EDDS处理下彩叶草对Se胁迫的响应机理提供科学依据。

东北常见树种叶色季节动态和影响因子研究

【目的】探究东北常见树种叶色季节动态变化及影响因素,以期为揭示植物叶片呈色机理和东北地区园林景观配置提供依据。【方法】本研究选取北美红枫、白桦、紫叶稠李和金叶榆等10种东北常见园林绿化树种为试材,对其色差参数(L*、a*、b*)、色素含量及可溶性糖含量进行测定,并与取样周期内的平均温度进行相关性分析。【结果】不同树种叶片中的色素含量及比例存在显著差异。在整个转色期,叶色季节动态受平均温度和内部各色素含量的综合影响。其中,所有色差参数与叶绿素含量、平均温度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),a*与花色苷含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。同时,相关性分析表明,叶片中可溶性糖含量在转色期变化并不显著,与叶色变化无显著相关性。【结论】随平均温度降低,秋色叶黄色树种及红色树种叶片中叶绿素含量逐渐降低。在黄色树种中类胡萝卜素与叶绿素比值升高,而红色树种花色苷与叶绿素比值升高。常色叶树种中紫叶稠李和辽东桤木叶片颜色及色素含量较为稳定,而紫叶李和金叶榆在后期出现复绿现象,分别由于花青素含量降低和叶绿素含量升高导致。

西瓜黄化斑点叶片的生理特性与遗传倾向

【目的】探究西瓜黄化斑点叶片的生理特性与遗传倾向,为该材料在实际应用及后续基因定位与克隆提供参考依据。【方法】以黄化斑点叶西瓜TNY1201和普通西瓜1182为材料,对其叶片表型、解剖结构以及光合生理特性进行对比分析,同时建立六世代群体进行遗传倾向研究。【结果】TNY1201从第一片真叶开始就具有黄化斑点性状,与普通西瓜叶片相比,具有面积大、密度小的气孔,叶片上下表皮细胞形状不规则,栅栏组织和海绵组织排列松散,叶片紧密度小,海绵组织所占体积较大;TNY1201净光合速率与叶绿素含量均显著低于1182,气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度显著高于1182;将TNY1201与1182进行正反交与回交,遗传倾向表现为F2中叶片有斑与无斑的分离比为3:1,回交BC1P1叶片有斑与无斑分离比为1∶1。【结论】TNY1201叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率均显著低于普通西瓜叶片。TNY1201叶片的黄化斑点由一对显性核基因控制。