Individual Learner Differences and Second Language Acquisition

Learners differ,so does their language acquisition.Studies show there are several personality factors affecting the process of language of learning.This paper attempts to indicate these factors to help learners have a better understanding of their own learning.

Individual Learner Factors Affecting Second Language Acquisition

In Second Language Acquisition(short for SLA) research,the study of individual learner factors plays an important role.In this paper,discussion will be restricted to five general individual learner factors which have received the most attention in SLA research:age,cognitive style,personality,motivation and attitude.The research will,to some extent,not only develop the SLA theory,but also enhance learners' judgments to their own individual learner factors.It can also shed light on the practical foreign language learning.

Motivation——the Major Individual Learner Difference in Second Language Learning

As one of the major individual learner differences in second language learning,motivation is frequently used to account for differential success in learning a foreign language.When comes to the definition of motivation,Ellis(2006:537) primarily defines motivation is "the effort learners were prepared to make to learn a language and their persistence in learning." According to Dornyei(2001a:8) motivation is The choice of a particular action,the persistence with it,the effort expended on it.In other words,motivation is responsible for why people decide to do something,how long they are willing to sustain the activity,how hard they are going to pursue it.

Teacher's in-Class Feedback Based on Individual Learner Differences in EFL Writing Classroom

Studies on feedback in second language(L2) writing have mainly focused on feedback per se, with little attention paid tothe individual learner differences. This study investigates how teacher’s in-class feedback based on individual learner differencesaffects EFL students’correction of writings and students’attitude towards teacher’s in-class feedback based on their individualdifference, as well as the factors that influence teachers’feedback among three EFL students and an in-service English teacher byemploying interviews, classroom observations. The findings indicate that students pay more attention to their errors in their writingsand students hold a positive attitude towards teacher’s in-class feedback based on their individual differences, students’aptitudeand personality mostly affect teacher’s in-class feedback.

The Effects of Learner’s Individual Differences on the Written Corrective Feedback

From the perspective of individual learner differences,this paper aims to show the readers an outline of the influence of individual learner differences on written corrective feedback.Based on 200 eighth and ninth grade junior high school students’thinking patterns and tests,60 students were selected as subjects in this study.Based on the comparative analysis and error analysis in second language acquisition as the main theoretical basis,this study analyzed the common types of errors in the use of nonpredicate verbs in junior high school students and their causes.There are three main questions in this study:how about the error frequency of the five forms(present participle,past participle,infinitive,gerund and independent nominative structure)in the nonpredicate verb learning of junior high school students?What kind of mistakes do junior high school students make in the process of learning non-predicate verbs?According to the conclusion of the investigation and research,the author puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of teachers and students in the last part of the article.

The Importance of Conjunctive Elements in Reading Comprehension

This paper mainly focuses on classifications of English conjunctive elements and its important role in reading comprehension. It will benefit both English teachers and learners.

How to Choose the Right Strategies： A Treatment according to Individual Orientation of Learning Styles

The learning strategies used by the successful language learners are not always the right ones for all language learners. The individual distinctions of personality, affective domain, cognition and behaviorism all lead to the different personal styles in language learning. Language learners must choose the strategies, which are appropriate for their styles.

What Makes a Successful ESL Learner

What makes a successful learner? Some people learn foreign languages more quickly than others; they progress rapidly while others still struggle along making very slow progress. What individual differences might contribute to the successful learning process? Based on the case study of two second language learners and the comparison between their learning outcome and performance, this paper tries to explore more insights about the leaner factors and their influences on second language learning.

个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗不同类型骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的生物力学分析

背景:个体化精准穿刺入路是近年来提出椎体强化治疗的新型入路方式,并且已经取得了良好的临床疗效,但仍缺少相关生物力学研究。目的:采用有限元分析方法探讨个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体终板以及椎间盘生物力学的影响。方法:使用3例已完成个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者术前和术后的CT影像资料,建立楔形型、双凹型、塌陷型术前和术后共6个模型。在椎体垂直方向加载500 N力矩和10 N/m旋转力矩,模拟正常椎体的生理活动,包括前屈、后伸、左侧弯、右侧弯、左旋转和右旋转,观察个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗后不同类型骨折椎体终板、邻近终板以及椎间盘的应力变化。结果与结论:①成功建立了个体化精准穿刺椎体强化术前和术后脊柱功能单元的三维有限元模型;②个体化精准穿刺椎体强化术后,楔形型、双凹型及塌陷型骨折椎体终板和邻近椎体终板的最大von Mises应力值均有一定程度的减小;楔形型邻近椎体T_(10)下终板和塌陷型邻近椎体L1上终板的术后最大von Mises应力值增加;③个体化精准穿刺椎体强化术后,3种有限元模型的相邻椎间盘整体最大von Mises应力值均减小;④结果表明,个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗可在一定程度上减轻楔形型、双凹型和塌陷型椎体终板的最大von Mises应力值,降低术后椎体再骨折的风险;此外,还可减轻椎间盘的最大von Mises应力值,理论上也能够在一定程度上缓解椎间盘退变。

Element and mineral characterization of dust emission from the saline land at Songnen Plain, Northeastern China

Recent observations of Asian dust storms show an eastern expansion of the source area to degraded lands, where dust emissions have been little studied. The dust concentrations over the saline land of the western Songnen Plain （SSL）, Northeastern China, are circumstantially higher than those from the northwestern Chinese deserts. These concentrations are sensitive to the surface soil conditions and wind velocity on the ground. The dust samples collected during dust storm events on the SSL contain abundant Na, Mg, A1, K, Ca, Fe and Ti, as well as toxic elements such as Cu, V, Zn and Ba. Individual particle analysis reveals that fine saline particles （〈 10 μm in diameter） on the saline land, consisting largely of carbonate, halite and sulfate together with lithogenic minerals such as SiO2 and aluminosilicate, are eventually uplifted during the interval from spring to autuum. The predominantly fine saline particles uplifted from the SSL are likely transported eastward by the winter monsoon circulation and westerlies. Recent degradation of saline lands in Northeastern China would not only increase the frequency of dust storm events in the downwind area, but also might change the chemical composition of the Asian dust emissions.

个体化营养干预在牛奶蛋白过敏患儿中的应用

目的探讨个体化营养干预对牛奶蛋白过敏(cow milk protein allergy,CMPA)患儿营养状况及生长发育的影响。方法选取2022年2月—2023年2月惠州市中心人民医院儿科收治的60例CMPA患儿作为研究对象。其中30例作为对照组给予游离氨基酸奶粉进行喂养,另外30例作为研究组给予个体化营养干预(包括游离氨基酸奶粉喂养、辅食回避、微量元素及维生素的合理补充)。干预6个月后,对比2组患儿生长发育指标(身高、体质量、头围)、营养指标(血红蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白)、血清维生素D、钙、锌水平及干预疗效。结果干预后,研究组患儿的生长发育指标优于对照组,营养状况优于对照组,血清维生素D、钙、锌水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组患儿的总有效率为100%,高于对照组的83.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对CMPA患儿给予个体化营养干预可以有效促进患儿生长发育,提升患儿营养状况,临床效果显著。

学人日记视域下中国近代史学转型的“历史影像”

中国近代史学转型需要置于中国近代社会转型的大背景下加以考察,要特别关注史学转型的本土因素和史学发展的连续性,从本土、域外两个因素深入探讨中国近代史学转型的真相,既重视史学转型过程中的“他者”,也不能忽视传统史学中的“近代因子”。中国史学转型,外力只是推动作用,内部所酝酿的近代因素和自身对近代性的追求才是根本动力。中国历史学家构建的“新史学”模式和资源,主要来自欧美和日本。中国近代史学的转型,绝不是简单地移植和仿效西方史学理论与方法,而是在融合中西学术成果的基础上,根据中国内在的需要有选择地建构的。如果只关注西方学术输入的作用,忽视中国传统学术中的“近代因素”,则将不可避免地落入西方文化中心主义的解释模式。

冀东音乐元素在高校音乐教学中的传承路径研究

冀东音乐元素在高校音乐教学中的传承,主要存在传承地域的单一和有限,学科内容缺失、课程体系尚待构建,民间音乐传承方式落后、专业师资缺乏,音乐创作与表演实践的匮乏等问题。对此,应加强区域一体化和个性教学双建设;融入基础乐科教学,丰富学科内容;注重民间采风实践,用以科研育人;举办鉴赏与学术活动,实现普及推广;借鉴民间表演技巧,提高实践能力。

基于五形人体质辨治失眠

根据《黄帝内经》中对五形人体质的分类,结合后世相关文献和临床经验,总结五形人的形态特征,从五形人体质角度分析治疗失眠的差异,从而帮助临床工作者辨证论治与辨体论治失眠,为失眠的临床治疗提供借鉴。

3D打印个体化定制枕颈融合系统的三维有限元分析

目的:运用三维有限元分析法对3D打印个体化定制枕颈融合系统(3D printing occipitocervical fusion system,3D-OCF)进行生物力学评价。方法:设计并研制3D-OCF,将该内固定系统与传统Summit内固定系统作对比,建立两套枕颈融合内固定方式的三维有限元模型,模拟术后上颈椎活动,分别在屈伸、侧屈及旋转6种工况下施加40 N垂直载荷及1.5 N·m力矩的预载荷,观察两种内固定系统固定下椎体活动度、枕骨位移峰值及内固定装置的应力分布。结果:在屈伸、侧屈、旋转6种工况下,与传统Summit内固定系统相比,3D-OCF固定的上颈椎各节段活动度明显降低,各节段整体活动度下降73.02%~100.00%;椎体位移峰值,与传统Summit内固定系统相比,3D-OCF固定的颈椎最大位移值明显降低,各个工况下下降了78.09%~95.73%;内固定系统应力分析,在屈伸、侧屈、旋转6种工况下,两套内固定系统所受最大应力值均在前屈状态下,3D-OCF最大应力值为37.43 MPa,Summit内固定系统最大应力值为533.32 MPa。3D-OCF的最大应力值与使用传统Summit内固定系统相比,3D-OCF各个工况的最大应力值明显降低,且各个工况下应力差均衡,无明显应力集中点。结论:3D-OCF能为枕颈融合内固定术能提供足够的强度和稳定性,且3D-OCF装置应力相对较为分散,系统装置发生断裂、失效的可能性小。

基于叶尖定时技术的轮盘外缘裂纹故障分类方法研究

针对轮盘外缘裂纹信号的故障分类需求,设计了基于Simulink的叶尖定时信号仿真模型,利用MATLAB对不同裂纹程度进行分类。通过ANSYS有限元分析软件建立叶片轮盘系统模型,计算不同转速下叶片的固有频率,得到叶片动频与转速频率的函数关系,根据叶片振动理论,利用Simulink设计叶片振动系统仿真模型,考虑转子转速波动和不平衡振动对叶片振动的影响,建立对应的仿真模型,得到含扰动量的叶尖定时信号。对叶尖定时信号进行频谱分析,通过Simulink设计数字滤波器,去除信号中含扰动量的频率成分,构造不同裂纹程度的叶尖定时信号数据集,将其去噪后导入MATLAB分类学习器中,对不同分类方法进行对比并测试。结果表明,此方法可对不同裂纹程度的叶尖定时信号进行准确分类,为轮盘外缘裂纹故障分类方法研究提供参考。

个体化叙事积极元素提炼回馈护理对老年原发性高血压患者的影响

目的:探讨个体化叙事积极元素提炼回馈护理对老年原发性高血压患者的影响。方法:选取2021年1月—2023年1月南京医科大学康达学院附属连云港东方医院收治的150例老年原发性高血压患者,将其随机分为对照组和研究组,各75例。对照组给予常规护理,研究组进行个体化叙事积极元素提炼回馈护理。比较两组干预前后自我感受负担量表(SPBS-CP)评分、自我管理能力、血压控制效果、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和护理满意度。结果:干预前,两组自我感受负担、自我管理能力、血压水平和睡眠质量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,两组SPBS-CP评分、PSQI评分和血压水平低于干预前,自我管理能力高于干预前,且研究组SPBS-CP评分、PSQI评分和血压水平低于对照组,自我管理能力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组护理总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:个体化叙事积极元素提炼回馈护理能有效降低老年原发性高血压患者的自我感受负担,能在提高自我管理能力的基础上,更好地控制血压水平,从而提高睡眠质量和护理满意度。

2024年坎坦赫德健美操世界杯女单项目难度动作选编分析

目的:通过分析2024年坎坦赫德健美操世界杯女单项目前8名难度动作,找出女单项目成套难度动作编排的特点,为我国健美操女单项目成套动作的编排提供参考。方法:采用文献资料法、录像观察法和数理统计法,对2024年坎坦赫德健美操世界杯女单项目前8名运动员成绩和难度动作的使用情况进行分析。结果:(1)比赛中存在因减分处罚导致运动员排位下降的现象;(2)B组难度动作使用频率最高,尤其是类别6的纵劈腿跳/跃类;(3)结尾动作前8名运动员均默契选择A组难度动作进行收尾,开头多选择C组且B组难度动作后多跟A组难度动作。结论:难度动作的合理编排和高质量的完成及技巧组合的创新性是运动员提高比赛成绩的关键。建议:健美操女单项目难度动作编排要根据运动员自身能力进行不断创新和合理编排,确保运动员高质量地完成比赛,取得优异成绩。

2024年第9届Cantanhede FGI世界杯竞技健美操男子单人操前3名运动员难度选编分析

本文运用文献资料法、录像分析法、数理统计法和比较分析等研究方法,对2024年第9届Cantanhede FIG世界杯竞技健美操男子单人操前3名运动员难度动作的选编、运用、完成情况与分值进行比较分析。结果显示:男子单人操前3名运动员在成套动作的编排中,难度分值主要选用0.6~1.0分作,其中0.7分、0.8分的难度选用率最高;在难度组别的选用上,B组难度动作选用率最高;男子单人操前3名运动员主要选择空中难度动作与地面难度动作进行组合衔接。

三维机织物在角度冲击作用下的弹道性能研究

为明晰三维机织物遭受斜向冲击时的防护能力,深入认识三维机织物结构在不同冲击角度作用下的弹道机制与防护性能。本文以三维正交通过厚度互锁的机织物(3D OTT)为研究对象,借助有限元仿真方法(ABAQUS/Explicit)构建细观纱线级有限元模型,剖析织物在弹丸冲击下的损伤形貌、应力分布和能量吸收。研究发现:正冲击下的剩余速度最高,比2种斜冲击分别高出12.43%、14.61%;遭遇斜冲击时,3D OTT会出现大量纱线拔出的现象,并促使纱线深度参与抵抗弹丸冲击过程,其吸能总量提高了约13%。研究将加深三维机织物弹道防护性能的进一步认识,助力新柔性防护材料的研发。