A survey of multi-modal learning theory

Deep multi-modal learning,a rapidly growing field with a wide range of practical applications,aims to effectively utilize and integrate information from multiple sources,known as modalities.Despite its impressive empirical performance,the theoretical foundations of deep multi-modal learning have yet to be fully explored.In this paper,we will undertake a comprehensive survey of recent developments in multi-modal learning theories,focusing on the fundamental properties that govern this field.Our goal is to provide a thorough collection of current theoretical tools for analyzing multi-modal learning,to clarify their implications for practitioners,and to suggest future directions for the establishment of a solid theoretical foundation for deep multi-modal learning.

College English Teaching Study Conducted by Discovery Learning Theory and Action Research——Take College English Ⅱ for Instance

The unceasing revolution of the global economy and culture boosts the revolutionary step of the educational circle.Combining the creed of The Guide of College English Teaching in 2016 with the results of investigation and survey in colleges, a research group in the Institute of Foreign Languages of Hankou University comes up with a revolutionary trial scheme on College English teaching conducted by discovery learning theory, as well as a research method of action research, which is in hope of mending the problems and shortcomings of current College English teaching.

A Preliminary Study on Connectivism—Constructivism Learning Theory Based on Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience and Spiking Neural Network

Based on a new theoretical perspective, this paper attempts to unify the seemingly incompatible learning theories of Connectivism and Constructivism into a scientific theoretical framework. The Connectivism-Constructivism learning theory is not a simple superposition of the two theories. Instead, it absorbs the essence of the learning theory of Constructivism, Connectivism and Neo-Constructivism, and takes the two empirical scientific experimental results of developmental cognitive neuroscience and spiking neural network as the factual basis, and develops two theories from the perspective of development. Integration, to achieve the resolution of contradictions, complement each other, and then rebuild. This paper discusses Connectivism-Constructivism learning theory. The theory holds that the essence of knowledge is the connection between the subject and the environment. There are two forms: physical form and logical form. The only logical form can be realized and utilized by people. Learning can be divided into two stages: connection and construction. Connection is the premise, construction is the core, and the network action generated in the connection stage as a raw material is pruned, and processed by various systems in the construction stage to become psychological representation. When the psychological representation is used, the relevant network shaping is finished, and the meaningful network is formed, which completes the change of knowledge from physical form to logical form and from logical form to physical form. Therefore, learning is the process of constructing meaningful network. We should not only promote the students’ connection stage, but also help the students’ construction stage. The innovation and breakthrough contribution of this paper is that it is the first time to look at the topic of learning theory from a new research perspective. In order to explore a more convincing learning theoretical framework, this article takes the lead in seeking theoretical support and factual basis from developmental cognitive neuroscience and Spiking neural network. As a result, Connectivism learning theory and Constructivism learning theory are successfully integrated into a rather complete and effective theoretical framework to reconstruct Connectivism-Constructivism learning theory.

Solutions to Rural College Students' Psychological Plight in Career Choice Based on Social Learning Theory:A Case Study of Northwest A&F University

The rural college students are facing psychological plight in their career choice.The social learning theory can use the triadic theory of learning to set reasonable career choice goals,the observational learning theory can be employed to establish a correct outlook on career choice,and the self-efficacy theory can be adopted to make up for the deficiencies in career choice.

Efficiency of Managers as Role Models:A Social Learning Theory Perspective

This systematic literature review aimed to analyze and synthesize studies that indicated the importance of behavioral observation in the organizational context.Based on Social Learning Theory and by considering relevant recent findings and theories,the impact of managers as role models for employees is researched and analyzed.The importance of this topic is to determine ways that learning and enhancing performance in the workplace can be applied for people management development.The literature for theory was numerous,however studies on the particular topic were limited and not expanded in the organizational context.The key message of this review is that the impact of managers and leaders can be positive and progressive both for the employees and for the organization.

On the Context Vein of“Competence”and Its Generating Mecha­nism-based on the Perspective of Situational Learning Theory

“Key competence”has become a hot vocabulary in educational reform in recent years.However,the essential connotation and specific generation mechanism of“competence”as its basic concept are still far from clear,and often controversial due to vague expressions.The rise of the concept of“key competence”undoubtedly originated in the West,but in the context of Chinese,its meaning has changed significantly.By analyzing the origin and evolution of the concept of“competence”in the Western social context and the concept from“quality”to“competence”in the Chinese social context,we can deeply understand the essence of the concept of“competence”and further clarify the specific generation mechanism of“competence”and its relationship with education.Analyzing the formation of competence based on situational learning theory emphasizes the occurrence of competence through participation in situational activities,the development of learning courses and identity consultation,which can provide some inspiration for the formation of competence.

Moral Infiltration in Junior High School English Class Based on Bandura's Social Learning Theory

In the process of education and teaching,teachers should not only impart systematic scientificknowledge to students,cultivating their ability to solve problems,but also seize the opportunity to permeate moraleducation among students.Junior high school students are in the stage of puberty,and great changes have taken placein their physiology and psychology.Teachers should serve as a guide on the aspect of their moral cognition,moraljudgment and moral behavior.English,as an important subject,plays an important role in middle school's education.Bandura's Social Learning Theory emphasizes the importance of self-efficacy and observation in students’learning.Itis a"good dose"for moral education in junior high school English class.Not only will it help teachers to improve thequality of English class teaching,but also improve students’moral qualities and overall development.

Application of Bandura's Social Learning Theory in the Moral Education of Secondary Vocational College Students

In recent years,with the high rate of juvenile delinquency,people pay more attention to the moral education of students in secondary vocational colleges.Based on the framework of social learning theory,this paper explores the systematic and comprehensive application of social learning theory in the moral education course.From the cognition of the behavior to the selection and internalization of the representation of the model behavior,and finally the selective extemalization of the representation symbol to generate the behavior,the influencing factors and their utility in each stage of the production of moral behavior are analyzed step by step,assisting students to establish correct outlook on life and values,and cultivating their"key abilities."When students face a complex and diverse social environment,they can make judgments in line with the general moral standards of the society,and then seek to improve the effectiveness of the moral standards of secondary vocational students,and strive to maximize the effectiveness of moral education.

Factors Affecting Online Learning Stickiness from the Perspective of Comprehensive Learning Theory

Based on the concept of learning stickiness,this study constructed a model of influencing factors among the elements of online learning content,interaction,incentive,satisfaction,and learning stickiness from Comprehensive Learning Theory.Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the interaction and influence effects among the factors.It is found that the content,interaction,and incentive in Comprehensive Learning Theory had a significant positive impact on learning stickiness from the total effect analysis.From the direct effect analysis,the influence of content and interaction on learning stickiness was not substantial,but the influence of incentive and satisfaction on learning stickiness was significant.From the perspective of mediation effect analysis,incentive and satisfaction were critical mediating variables for the influence of content and interaction on learning stickiness.This study put forward suggestions and strategies for online teaching,providing a reference for teachers to carry out online education.

Applying Learning Community Theory to Oral English Teaching in Sport Institutes

Since traditional English teaching method, which merely focuses on language teaching but ignores communicative competence, severely impedes the development of students' oral ability. It is high time that English teachers took measures to find a workable and valuable teaching method which can improve students' speaking proficiency effectively. Learning community theory provides a broad space for this, for it regards learning as a process which takes place in a community where the learners are sharing their experience towards knowledge building in an interactive and cooperative way.

Anderson's Cognitive Theory and Learning Strategy Studies in Second Language Acquisition

Second language acquisition can not be understood without addressing the interaction between language and cognition. Cognitive theory can extend to describe learning strategies as complex cognitive skills. Theoretical developments in Anderson’s production systems cover a broader range of behavior than other theories, including comprehension and production of oral and written texts as well as comprehension, problem solving, and verbal learning.Thus Anderson’s cognitive theory can be served as a rationale for learning strategy studies in second language acquisition.

The Enlightenment of Cooper’s Learning Circle Theory to the Construction of College Student Team

At the present stage of development,colleges and universities in the training of students and management of student team construction there are some problems,although many colleges and universities to take the corresponding management plan,effectively improve the quality of students,but educators still need to face how to cultivate a mature student team in a short time.In this regard,combining Dewey’s“experiential learning”and Cooper’s experiential learning theory,the paper applies experiential learning theory and practice to the training of college student team construction,aiming at improving the overall quality of the student team effectively,so as to promote the comprehensive development of students.

Differentially private SGD with random features

In the realm of large-scale machine learning,it is crucial to explore methods for reducing computational complexity and memory demands while maintaining generalization performance.Additionally,since the collected data may contain some sensitive information,it is also of great significance to study privacy-preserving machine learning algorithms.This paper focuses on the performance of the differentially private stochastic gradient descent(SGD)algorithm based on random features.To begin,the algorithm maps the original data into a lowdimensional space,thereby avoiding the traditional kernel method for large-scale data storage requirement.Subsequently,the algorithm iteratively optimizes parameters using the stochastic gradient descent approach.Lastly,the output perturbation mechanism is employed to introduce random noise,ensuring algorithmic privacy.We prove that the proposed algorithm satisfies the differential privacy while achieving fast convergence rates under some mild conditions.

At the Beginning of Learning Studies There Was the Maze

A generally forgotten means of observing the developmental stages of scientific psychology is the study of maze devices. Considered in ancient times as a symbol of the process of moving in the direction of knowledge, the labyrinth, or maze, was at the centre of psychologists’ attention from the end of the 19th century. The current paper aims to reconstruct the history of the early years of maze learning, starting from the original interests of the experimenters in brain physiology or in mental evolution, and to examine how the experiments they designed continued to be important in the general theory of learning throughout the 20th century: maze studies helped uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to many species, including humans. At the beginning of the 21st century the question has become: what parts of the brain are used for spatial learning and memory, as shown by the Morris water maze, which is very popular in studies of behavioural neuroscience.

Support vector machine method for fore-casting future strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland

Statistical learning theory is for small-sample statistics. And support vector machine is a new machine learning method based on the statistical learning theory. The support vector machine not only has solved certain problems in many learning methods, such as small sample, over fitting, high dimension and local minimum, but also has a higher generalization （forecasting） ability than that of artificial neural networks. The strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland are related to a certain extent to the intensive seismicity along the main plate boundaries in the world, however, the relation is nonlinear. In the paper, we have studied this unclear relation by the support vector machine method for the purpose of forecasting strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland.

Support Vector Machine-Based Nonlinear System Modeling and Control

This paper provides an introduction to a support vector machine, a new kernel-based technique introduced in statistical learning theory and structural risk minimization, then presents a modeling-control framework based on SVM. At last a numerical experiment is taken to demonstrate the proposed approach's correctness and effectiveness.

Randomized Algorithms for Probabilistic Optimal Robust Performance Controller Design

Polynomial-time randomized algorithms were constructed to approximately solve optimal robust performance controller design problems in probabilistic sense and the rigorous mathematical justification of the approach was given. The randomized algorithms here were based on a property from statistical learning theory known as (uniform) convergence of empirical means (UCEM). It is argued that in order to assess the performance of a controller as the plant varies over a pre-specified family, it is better to use the average performance of the controller as the objective function to be optimized, rather than its worst-case performance. The approach is illustrated to be efficient through an example.

Error Analysis of ERM Algorithm with Unbounded and Non-Identical Sampling

A standard assumption in the literature of learning theory is the samples which are drawn independently from an identical distribution with a uniform bounded output. This excludes the common case with Gaussian distribution. In this paper we extend these assumptions to a general case. To be precise, samples are drawn from a sequence of unbounded and non-identical probability distributions. By drift error analysis and Bennett inequality for the unbounded random variables, we derive a satisfactory learning rate for the ERM algorithm.

Estimating Military Aircraft Cost Using Least Squares Support Vector Machines

A multi-layer adaptive optimizing parameters algorithm is developed forimproving least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) , and a military aircraft life-cycle-cost(LCC) intelligent estimation model is proposed based on the improved LS-SVM. The intelligent costestimation process is divided into three steps in the model. In the first step, a cost-drive-factorneeds to be selected, which is significant for cost estimation. In the second step, militaryaircraft training samples within costs and cost-drive-factor set are obtained by the LS-SVM. Thenthe model can be used for new type aircraft cost estimation. Chinese military aircraft costs areestimated in the paper. The results show that the estimated costs by the new model are closer to thetrue costs than that of the traditionally used methods.

Learners’motivational response to the Science,PE,&Me!curriculum:A situational interest perspective

Background:The Science,PE,&Me!(SPEM)curriculum is a concept-based physical education curriculum that offers students coherent educational experiences for constructing health-related fitness knowledge through movement experiences.The purpose of this study was to evaluate students’motivational response to the SPEM curriculum from the situational interest perspective.Methods:The study used a cluster randomized controlled design in which 30 elementary schools in one of the largest metropolitan areas in the eastern United States were randomly assigned to an experimental or comparison condition.Although all students in the 3rd,4th,and 5th grades in the targeted schools were eligible to participate in the study,a random sample of students from the experimental(n=1749;15 schools)and comparison groups(n=1985;15 schools)provided data.Students’motivational response to the SPEM curriculum or comparison curriculum was measured using the previously validated Situational Interest Scale-Elementary.Data were analyzed using structural mean modeling.Results:The results demonstrated that the experimental group(as reference group)showed significantly higher enjoyment(z=-2.01),challenge(z=-6.54),exploration(z=-12.195),novelty(z=-8.80),and attention demand(z=-7.90)than the comparison group.Conclusion:The findings indicate that the SPEM curriculum created a more situationally interesting context for learning than the comparison physical education curriculum.