Real eigenvalues determined by recursion of eigenstates

Quantum physics is primarily concerned with real eigenvalues,stemming from the unitarity of time evolutions.With the introduction of PT symmetry,a widely accepted consensus is that,even if the Hamiltonian of the system is not Hermitian,the eigenvalues can still be purely real under specific symmetry.Hence,great enthusiasm has been devoted to exploring the eigenvalue problem of non-Hermitian systems.In this work,from a distinct perspective,we demonstrate that real eigenvalues can also emerge under the appropriate recursive condition of eigenstates.Consequently,our findings provide another path to extract the real energy spectrum of non-Hermitian systems,which guarantees the conservation of probability and stimulates future experimental observations.

Highly Accurate Golden Section Search Algorithms and Fictitious Time Integration Method for Solving Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems

This study sets up two new merit functions,which are minimized for the detection of real eigenvalue and complex eigenvalue to address nonlinear eigenvalue problems.For each eigen-parameter the vector variable is solved from a nonhomogeneous linear system obtained by reducing the number of eigen-equation one less,where one of the nonzero components of the eigenvector is normalized to the unit and moves the column containing that component to the right-hand side as a nonzero input vector.1D and 2D golden section search algorithms are employed to minimize the merit functions to locate real and complex eigenvalues.Simultaneously,the real and complex eigenvectors can be computed very accurately.A simpler approach to the nonlinear eigenvalue problems is proposed,which implements a normalization condition for the uniqueness of the eigenvector into the eigenequation directly.The real eigenvalues can be computed by the fictitious time integration method(FTIM),which saves computational costs compared to the one-dimensional golden section search algorithm(1D GSSA).The simpler method is also combined with the Newton iterationmethod,which is convergent very fast.All the proposed methods are easily programmed to compute the eigenvalue and eigenvector with high accuracy and efficiency.

Efficient method to calculate the eigenvalues of the Zakharov–Shabat system

A numerical method is proposed to calculate the eigenvalues of the Zakharov–Shabat system based on Chebyshev polynomials. A mapping in the form of tanh(ax) is constructed according to the asymptotic of the potential function for the Zakharov–Shabat eigenvalue problem. The mapping can distribute Chebyshev nodes very well considering the gradient for the potential function. Using Chebyshev polynomials, tanh(ax) mapping, and Chebyshev nodes, the Zakharov–Shabat eigenvalue problem is transformed into a matrix eigenvalue problem. This method has good convergence for the Satsuma–Yajima potential and the convergence rate is faster than the Fourier collocation method. This method is not only suitable for simple potential functions but also converges quickly for a complex Y-shape potential. It can also be further extended to other linear eigenvalue problems.

A Simple Embedding Method for the Laplace-Beltrami Eigenvalue Problem onImplicit Surfaces

We propose a simple embedding method for computing the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on implicit surfaces.The approach follows an embedding approach for solving the surface eikonal equation.We replace the differential operator on the interface with a typical Cartesian differential operator in the surface neighborhood.Our proposed algorithm is easy to implement and efficient.We will give some two-and three-dimensional numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

On the eigenvalues and eigendisplacement of the critical mode in horizontally layered media

Wave propagation in horizontally layered media is a classical problem in seismic-wave theory.In semi-infinite space,a nondispersive Rayleigh wave mode exists,and the eigendisplacement decays exponentially with depth.In a layered model with increasing layer velocity,the phase velocity of the Rayleigh wave varies between the S-wave velocity of the bottom half-space and that of the classical Rayleigh wave propagated in a supposed half-space formed by the parameters of the top layer.If the phase velocity is the same as the P-or S-wave velocity of the layer,which is called the critical mode or critical phase velocity of surface waves,the general solution of the wave equation is not a homogeneous(expressed by trigonometric functions)or inhomogeneous(expressed by exponential functions)plane wave,but one whose amplitude changes linearly with depth(expressed by a linear function).Theories based on a general solution containing only trigonometric or exponential functions do not apply to the critical mode,owing to the singularity at the critical phase velocity.In this study,based on the classical framework of generalized reflection and transmission coefficients,the propagation of surface waves in horizontally layered media was studied by introducing a solution for the linear function at the critical phase velocity.Therefore,the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the critical mode can be calculated by solving a singular problem.The eigendisplacement characteristics associated with the critical phase velocity were investigated for different layered models.In contrast to the normal mode,the eigendisplacement associated with the critical phase velocity exhibits different characteristics.If the phase velocity is equal to the S-wave velocity in the bottom half-space,the eigendisplacement remains constant with increasing depth.

Reciprocal Distance Laplacian Eigenvalue Distribution Based on Graph Parameters

Let G be a connected graph of order n and m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I denote the number of reciprocal distance Laplacian eigenvaluesof G in an interval I.For a given interval I,we mainly present several bounds on m_(RD)^(L)_(G)I in terms of various structuralparameters of the graph G,including vertex-connectivity,independence number and pendant vertices.

THE INTERIOR TRANSMISSION EIGENVALUE PROBLEM FOR AN ANISOTROPIC MEDIUM BY A PARTIALLY COATED BOUNDARY

We consider the interior transmission eigenvalue problem corresponding to the scattering for an anisotropic medium of the scalar Helmholtz equation in the case where the boundary?Ωis split into two disjoint parts and possesses different transmission conditions.Using the variational method,we obtain the well posedness of the interior transmission problem,which plays an important role in the proof of the discreteness of eigenvalues.Then we achieve the existence of an infinite discrete set of transmission eigenvalues provided that n≡1,where a fourth order differential operator is applied.In the case of n■1,we show the discreteness of the transmission eigenvalues under restrictive assumptions by the analytic Fredholm theory and the T-coercive method.

Sharp Lower Bound of the Least Eigenvalue of Graphs with Given Diameter

The eigenvalues of graphs play an important role in the fields of quantum chemistry, physics, computer science, communication network, and information science. Particularly, they can be interpreted in some situations as the energy levels of an electron in a molecule or as the possible frequencies of the tone of a vibrating membrane. The diameter of a graph, the maximum distance between any two vertices of a graph, has great impact on the service quality of communication networks. So we were motivated to investigate the sharp lower bound of the least eigenvalue of graphs with given diameter. Let gn. d be the set of graphs on n vertices with diameter d. For any graph G ∈ gn, d, by considering the least eigenvalue of its connected spanning bipartite subgraph, we obtained the sharp lower bound of the least eigenvalue of graph G. Furthermore, an upper bound of Laplacian spectral radius of graph G was given.

Petrochemical eigenvalues and diagrams for the identification of metamorphic rocks'protolith,taking the host rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit in China as an example

The Dashuigou tellurium deposit is the world’s only known independent tellurium deposit.By restoring metamorphic rocks’protolith,we seek to understand not only the development and evolution trajectory of the region but also the origin of the relevant deposits.While there are many ways to restore metamorphic rocks’protolith,we take the host metamorphic rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit and leverage various petrochemical eigenvalues and related diagrams previously proposed to reveal the deposit’s host metamorphic rocks’protolith.The petrochemical eigenvalues include molecular number,Niggli’s value,REE parity ratio,CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)ratio,Fe^(3+) /(Fe^(3+) -+Fe^(2+) )ratio,chondrite-normalized REE value,logarithmic REE value,various REE eigenvalues including scandium,Eu/Sm ratio,total REE amount,light and heavy REEs,δEu,Eu anomaly,Sm/Nd ratio,and silicon isotope δ^(30) SiNBS-29‰,etc.The petrochemical plots include ACMs,100 mg-c-(al+alk),SiO_(2)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),(al+fm)-(c+alk)versus Si,FeO+Fe_(2)O^(3+) TiO)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO,c-mg,Al_(2)O_(3)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),chondrite-normalized REE model,La/Yb-REE,and Sm/Nd ratio,etc.On the basis of these comprehensive analyses,the following conclusions are drawn,starting from the many mantle-derived types of basalt developed in the study area of different geological ages,combined with the previously published research results on the deposit s fluid inclusions and sulfur and lead isotopes.The deposit is formed by mantle degassing in the form of a mantle plume in the late Yanshanian orogeny.The degassed fluids are rich in nano-sc ale substances including Fe,Te,S,As,Bi,Au,Se,H_(2),CO_(2),N_(2),H_(2)O,and CH_(4),which are enriched by nano-effect,and then rise to a certain part of the crust in the form of mantle plume along the lithospheric fault to form the deposit.The ultimate power for tellurium mineralization was from H_(2)flow with high energy,which was produced through radiation from the melted iron of the Earth’s outer core.The H,flow results in the Earth’s degassing,as well as the mantle and crust’s uplift.

Minimum eigenvalue based adaptive fault compensation for hypersonic vehicles

The attitude tracking control problem is addressed for hypersonic vehicles under actuator faults that may cause an uncertain time-varying control gain matrix.An adaptive compensation scheme is developed to ensure system stability and asymptotic tracking properties,including a kinematic control signal and a dynamic control signal.To deal with the uncertainties of the control gain matrix,a new positive definite one is constructed.The minimum eigenvalue of such a new control gain matrix is estimated.Simulation results of application to an X-33 vehicle model verify the effectiveness of the proposed minimum eigenvalue based adaptive fault compensation scheme.

LARGE DEVIATIONS FOR TOP EIGENVALUES OFβ-JACOBI ENSEMBLES AT SCALING TEMPERATURES

Letλ=(λ_(1),…,λ_(n))beβ-Jacobi ensembles with parameters p_(1),p_(2),n andβ,withβvarying with n.Set■.Suppose that■and 0≤σγ<1.We offer the large deviation for p_(1)+p_(2)/p_(1)■λ_(i)whenγ>0 via the large deviation of the corresponding empirical measure and via a direct estimate,respectively,whenγ=0.

Estimates on the eigenvalues of complex nonlocal Sturm-Liouville problems

The present paper deals with the eigenvalues of complex nonlocal Sturm-Liouville boundary value problems.The bounds of the real and imaginary parts of eigenvalues for the nonlocal Sturm-Liouville differential equation involving complex nonlocal potential terms associated with nonlocal boundary conditions are obtained in terms of the integrable conditions of coefficients and the real part of the eigenvalues.

Physics-constrained neural network for solving discontinuous interface K-eigenvalue problem with application to reactor physics

Machine learning-based modeling of reactor physics problems has attracted increasing interest in recent years.Despite some progress in one-dimensional problems,there is still a paucity of benchmark studies that are easy to solve using traditional numerical methods albeit still challenging using neural networks for a wide range of practical problems.We present two networks,namely the Generalized Inverse Power Method Neural Network(GIPMNN)and Physics-Constrained GIPMNN(PC-GIPIMNN)to solve K-eigenvalue problems in neutron diffusion theory.GIPMNN follows the main idea of the inverse power method and determines the lowest eigenvalue using an iterative method.The PC-GIPMNN additionally enforces conservative interface conditions for the neutron flux.Meanwhile,Deep Ritz Method(DRM)directly solves the smallest eigenvalue by minimizing the eigenvalue in Rayleigh quotient form.A comprehensive study was conducted using GIPMNN,PC-GIPMNN,and DRM to solve problems of complex spatial geometry with variant material domains from the fleld of nuclear reactor physics.The methods were compared with the standard flnite element method.The applicability and accuracy of the methods are reported and indicate that PC-GIPMNN outperforms GIPMNN and DRM.

可对角化矩阵特征值分解扰动问题的快速求解方法

针对特征值扰动计算的传统方法收敛速度慢的问题,提出了一种求解特征值扰动问题的快速迭代算法.首先,通过矩阵变换将初始矩阵的特征值扰动问题转化为对角矩阵的特征值扰动问题.然后,提出了一种快速迭代算法求解扰动参数,同时对算法的收敛性进行分析,并将其与基于摄动级数展开法导出的方法进行对比.再次,采用逐一求解特征值并进行矩阵降阶的策略,有效降低运算量.最后,通过2个算例分别展示算法的计算过程及其在结构模态参数追踪方面的应用效果.

基于ANSYS的波纹管波形参数对柱失稳影响分析

为了研究波纹管波形参数对波纹管柱失稳的影响,使用ANSYS Workbench对波纹管进行了模态分析与特征值屈曲分析。采用控制变量的方法,改变波纹管波形参数,分别进行有限元分析;并对相同波数下的复式波纹管进行有限元分析,且与单式波纹管稳定性做分析比较。有限元结果表明:在实际工作中,可通过增加波纹管壁厚、波距,或减小波高、减少波数的方法,减少波纹管柱失稳的发生;当波纹管长度较长、波数较多时,使用复式波纹管是更优的选择。

开孔缺陷对蜂窝与瓦楞纸板侧向临界屈曲载荷弱化效应的研究

目的以蜂窝纸板和瓦楞纸板为对象,研究2种纸板圆孔缺陷对侧向承载能力的弱化效应。方法利用ANSYS Workbench软件的数值模拟功能,对2种纸板的开孔模型进行特征值屈曲分析,研究了2种纸板临界屈曲载荷随孔径大小的变化趋势,分析了2种纸板侧向承载能力对孔洞缺陷的敏感性。结果随着孔径的增大,蜂窝纸板与瓦楞纸板的屈曲临界载荷均呈逐渐下降趋势;开孔大于临界值后,瓦楞纸板的屈曲载荷下降率明显高于蜂窝纸板。结论随着孔径的增大,蜂窝纸板侧向承载能力的下降速度小于瓦楞纸板,蜂窝纸板表现出比瓦楞纸板更优的开孔缺陷弱化效应。

基于极化联合特征值的雷达弱小目标检测方法

针对海杂波背景下雷达弱小目标检测问题,提出了一种基于极化联合特征值的雷达弱小目标检测方法。该方法利用多极化通道回波数据计算极化相干矩阵的最大特征值,然后将待检测单元的最大特征值与参考单元最大特征值、最小特征值、算数平均值和几何平均值的算数平均之比分别作为检验统计量实现检验判决。仿真和实测数据处理结果表明:基于极化联合特征值的雷达弱小目标检测方法较基于特征值的检测方法性能提高2 dB,较极化检测最优滤波器性能提高1.5 dB,较功率最大综合检测方法、SPAN检测方法性能提高5 dB,极化联合最大特征值-几何平均方法综合检测效果最好。

基于ANSYS Workbench稳定性分析的大型真空容器优化设计

真空容器是石油、化工等行业中常见的设备之一,与内压容器不同,真空容器往往发生的是稳定性破坏。文中首先采用有限元软件ANSYS Workbench对DN22000 mm的真空容器进行了特征值屈曲分析,结果表明:其外压承载系数为17.427,远大于外压安全系数2.5。进而采用Response Surface Optimization模块对该真空容器进行优化设计,分析了外压承载系数、容器质量随穹顶壁厚和筒体壁厚的变化规律,以及外压承载系数、容器质量、应力随穹顶辐射筋数量的变化规律。最终确定穹顶壁厚取20 mm、筒体壁厚取22 mm、穹顶辐射筋取16个,优化后结构较最初结构质量减小了83140 kg,减小了17.02%,并且稳定性满足ASME规范要求,实现了容器轻量化的设计目标,从而显著降低制造成本。

基于幂法的求实对称矩阵特征值的注记

利用幂法思想给出了求实对称矩阵全部特征值的算法,并通过对矩阵特征值为单根、重根和互为相反数三种类型进行实例验证,结果表明用幂法求实对称矩阵全部特征值是可行的.

Givens矩阵的性质及其在迭代法中的应用

研究了2阶Givens矩阵的一些性质,该矩阵的特征值为复数,谱半径恰好为1;在此基础上通过多个例子展示了Givens矩阵在迭代法中的应用,并从理论上给出了分析.