LEAST-SQUARES METHOD-BASED FEATURE FITTING AND EXTRACTION IN REVERSE ENGINEERING

The main purpose of reverse engineering is to convert discrete data pointsinto piecewise smooth, continuous surface models. Before carrying out model reconstruction it issignificant to extract geometric features because the quality of modeling greatly depends on therepresentation of features. Some fitting techniques of natural quadric surfaces with least-squaresmethod are described. And these techniques can be directly used to extract quadric surfaces featuresduring the process of segmentation for point cloud.

The intensity calculation of the gas absorption line by multi-line Voigt fitting

Adopted the distribution feedback type （DFB） laser to measure the coal mine gas methane, according to the methane located 1.6 μm nearby 2v3 with a R9 direct absorption spectrum, attraction wire intensity of each line was calculated through the multi-line Voigt fitting. The experimental result indicates that in the obtained four attraction recover of wire, the maximum deviation is 2.7%, and the minimum deviation is 0.02%, other results are all in experimental error scope. This research method may apply in the spectrum survey methane gas density, it has characteristics including high precision, strong selectivity, fast response and so on.

Influence of the Fitted Straight Line for Confidence Bands Algorithm in Q-Q Plots

Confidence bands in a Normal Q-Q Plot allow us to detect non-normality of a data set rigorously, and in such a way that the conclusion does not depend on the subjectivity of the observer of the graph. In the construction of the graph, it is usual to fit a straight line to the plotted points, which serves both to check the hypothesis of normality (linear configuration of the plotted points) and to produce estimates of the parameters of the distribution. We can opt for dif-ferent types of lines. In this paper, we study the influence of five types of fitted straight lines in a Normal Q-Q Plot used for construction the confidence bands based on the exact distribution of the order statistics.

基于Hessian矩阵的改进EDlines输电线识别算法

随着电力网络的飞速发展,采用无人机搭载高清摄像头来进行输电线巡检已成常态。为提高巡检的实时性和准确性,本研究提出了一种基于Hessian矩阵的改进EDlines输电线识别算法。首先,通过伽马变换对输电线图像进行预处理,利用Hessian矩阵特征值和特征向量以求取像素点主方向和主曲率,并获得输电线主体轮廓,从而摒弃了传统方法中梯度计算锚点和像素方向的繁琐步骤。接着,在主体轮廓基础上连接锚点以得到潜在直线线段像素链,并运用随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法来进行线段拟合。最后,根据直线间的距离和角度,迭代拟合以得到最终的输电线。实验结果表明,该方法能应对多种复杂环境下的输电线识别任务,抗干扰能力强,误检率显著降低,为高空输电线巡检提供了可靠的技术支持,具有重要的工程应用价值。

改进EDLines算法暨在高空输电线识别与巡检中的应用

针对无人机高空输电线实时巡线识别速度慢、精度低等问题,提出基于图像特征检测识别EDLines算法,以去除背景干扰提高输电线识别精度。通过改进锚点判定的方式搜索锚节点,搜索邻域梯度最大值作为绘制边缘的路径,利用随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法拟合直线段,以亥姆霍兹原理对虚假线段进行滤波处理,采用K均值聚类筛选出输电线特征直线,设计方向模板二次滤波定位输电线的位置。实验结果表明:本文算法识别输电线准确率提高,抗干扰能力增强,运行效率高,具有工程实践意义。

Calibration method for multi-line structured light vision sensor based on Plücker line

For the rapid calibration of multi-line structured light system,a method based on Plücker line was proposed.Most of the conventional line-structured light calibration methods extract the feature points and transform the coordinates of points to obtain the plane equation.However,a large number of points lead to complicated operation which is not suitable for the application scenarios of multi-line structured light.To solve this issue,a new calibration method was proposed that applied the form of Plücker matrix throughout the whole calibration process,instead of using the point characteristics directly.The advantage of this method is that the light plane equation can be obtained quickly and accurately in the camera coordinate frame.Correspondingly a planar target particularly for calibrating multi-line structured light was also designed.The regular lines were transformed into Plücker lines by extending the two-dimensional image plane and defining a new image space.To transform the coordinate frame of Plücker lines,the perspective projection mathematical model was re-expressed based on the Plücker matrix.According to the properties of the line and plane in the Plücker space,a linear matrix equation was efficiently constructed by combining the Plücker matrices of several coplanar lines so that the line-structured light plane equation could be furtherly solved.The experiments performed validate the proposed method and demonstrate the significant improvement in the calibration accuracy,when the test distance is 1.8 m,the root mean square(RMS)error of the three-dimensional point is within 0.08 mm.

Absorption linewidth inversion with wavelength modulation spectroscopy

For absorption linewidth inversion with wavelength modulation spectroscopy（WMS）, an optimized WMS spectral line fitting method was demonstrated to infer absorption linewidth effectively, and the analytical expressions for relationships between Lorentzian linewidth and the separations of first harmonic peak-to-valley and second harmonic zero-crossing were deduced. The transition of CO_2 centered at 4991.25 cm^（-1） was used to verify the optimized spectral fitting method and the analytical expressions. Results showed that the optimized spectra fitting method was able to infer absorption accurately and compute more than 10 times faster than the commonly used numerical fitting procedure. The second harmonic zero-crossing separation method calculated an even 6 orders faster than the spectra fitting without losing any accuracy for Lorentzian dominated cases. Additionally, linewidth calculated through second harmonic zero-crossing was preferred for much smaller error than the first harmonic peak-to-valley separation method. The presented analytical expressions can also be used in on-line optical sensing applications, electron paramagnetic resonance, and further theoretical characterization of absorption lineshape.

Baseline correction for digital strong-motion records by using the pre-event portion

Baseline offset in digital strong-motion acceleration record and initial velocity can produce unrealistic results for ground velocity and displacement derived from the acceleration by integration. A new method is proposed for the baseline correction and initial velocity calculation. It is based on linear least-squares fitting of the pre-event portion of velocity derived from the uncorrected acceleration data. Compared with the conventional method,which is based on removing the mean values of the pre-event portions of the acceleration and velocity traces,this method has clearer physical meaning and better stability.

DMPFIT: A Tool for Atomic-Scale Metrology via Nonlinear Least-Squares Fitting of Peaks in Atomic-Resolution TEM Images

Despite the wide availability and usage of Gatan’s DigitalMicrograph software in the electron microscopy community for image recording and analysis, nonlinear least-squares fitting in DigitalMicrograph is less straightforward. This work presents a ready-to-use tool, the DMPFIT software package, written in DigitalMicrograph script and C++ language, for nonlinear least-squares fitting of the intensity distribution of atomic columns in atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images with a general two-dimensional (2D) Gaussian model. Applications of the DMPFIT software are demonstrated both in atomic-resolution conventional coherent TEM (CTEM) images recorded by the negative spherical aberration imaging technique and in high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning TEM (STEM) images. The implemented peak-finding algorithm based on the periodicity of 2D lattices enables reliable and convenient atomic-scale metrology as well as intuitive presentation of the resolved atomic structures.

Fortified Financial Forecasting Models Based on Non-Linear Searching Approaches

The paper＇s aim is how to forecast data with variations involving at times series data to get the best forecasting model. When researchers are going to forecast data with variations involving at times series data （i.e., secular trends, cyclical variations, seasonal effects, and stochastic variations）, they believe the best forecasting model is the one which realistically considers the underlying causal factors in a situational relationship and therefore has the best ＂track records＂ in generating data. Paper＇s models can be adjusted for variations in related a time series which processes a great deal of randomness, to improve the accuracy of the financial forecasts. Because of Na＇fve forecasting models are based on an extrapolation of past values for future. These models may be adjusted for seasonal, secular, and cyclical trends in related data. When a data series processes a great deal of randomness, smoothing techniques, such as moving averages and exponential smoothing, may improve the accuracy of the financial forecasts. But neither Na＇fve models nor smoothing techniques are capable of identifying major future changes in the direction of a situational data series. Hereby, nonlinear techniques, like direct and sequential search approaches, overcome those shortcomings can be used. The methodology which we have used is based on inferential analysis. To build the models to identify the major future changes in the direction of a situational data series, a comparative model building is applied. Hereby, the paper suggests using some of the nonlinear techniques, like direct and sequential search approaches, to reduce the technical shortcomings. The final result of the paper is to manipulate, to prepare, and to integrate heuristic non-linear searching methods to serve calculating adjusted factors to produce the best forecast data.

基于线结构光扫描的烟支表面缺陷检测方法研究

在烟支表面缺陷检测时,为解决传统二维图像方法无法获得深度信息的问题,提出一种基于线结构光传感器旋转扫描的检测方法。烟支在两同向辊轮的旋转带动下实现自转,通过线结构光视觉传感器获取物体轴向轮廓线,使用随机采样一致性拟合轮廓线,通过计算原始点到拟合轮廓的距离判断缺陷点。选取某品牌烟支在检测过程中得到的原始数据,其中多组样本的Kappa值均达到0.97,重复性达到99.3%。研究为烟支缺陷检测提供参考。

线接触弹流润滑摩擦副刚度阻尼拟合公式

弹流润滑油膜具有显著的弹簧阻尼作用,对齿轮、滚动轴承、凸轮等高副接触零件的动力学性能具有重要影响,然而目前关于弹流摩擦副刚度阻尼的认识还不统一。运用数值方法求解线接触弹流润滑摩擦副的摩擦学-动力学耦合模型,获得线接触弹流润滑摩擦副在简谐激励下的阻尼环,通过阻尼环识别出线接触弹流润滑摩擦副的刚度和阻尼;用变量控制的方法研究载荷、卷吸速度、材料参数等对线接触弹流润滑摩擦副刚度和阻尼的影响,并分析载荷、卷吸速度影响线接触弹流润滑摩擦副刚度阻尼的机制。结果表明,线接触弹流润滑摩擦副刚度阻尼随载荷增加而变大,随速度增加而减小。在数值解的基础上,拟合出线接触弹流润滑摩擦副刚度和阻尼公式,结果显示,载荷对弹流润滑摩擦副的刚度和阻尼影响最显著,而且弹流润滑摩擦副的刚度随载荷、速度和材料参数的变化幅度比阻尼的大。对拟合公式精度的检验表明,在很宽的参数范围内,拟合公式计算结果与数值解的相对误差小于10%,所提出的刚度和阻尼拟合公式具有很高的精确性。

基于先验知识辅助聚类的粗-精输电线路多金具检测

为了解决输电线路多金具检测任务中存在的小目标和密集遮挡问题并充分利用金具高分辨率航拍图像的信息优势,提出基于先验知识辅助聚类的粗-精输电线路多金具检测方法。首先,通过粗检测模块实现对输电线路高分辨率航拍图像的初步感知。接着,通过先验知识指导结构场景子区域选取模块中聚类算法半径的确定,以自适应聚类出合适的子区域。最后,设计精检测模块充分利用高分辨率航拍图像中的关键信息,进行金具的精确感知,并融合粗检测结果以实现由粗到精的金具识别。经实验证明,基于先验知识辅助聚类的粗-精输电线路多金具检测模型比之基线模型准确率提高了11.3%,对其中小目标金具和密集遮挡金具检测准确率的提高尤为明显。

基于轨迹线改进的临界多边形算法

在异形件的下料排样问题中,最为困难的就是求解裁片在板料中的位置以保证材料较高的利用率,算法复杂度随着料片数量和料片轮廓复杂度的增加迅速上升。临界多边形算法是计算异形件之间靠接位置和重叠关系的一种基础性几何工具,临界多边形算法的性能与下料排样算法效率密切相关。本文在基于轨迹线的求解临界多边形算法基础上,提出一种求解临界多边形(NFP)的改进算法。该算法有效地将移动碰撞算法和轨迹线算法相结合,充分发挥两类算法各自的优点,提高了临界多边形求解的计算速度。仿真实例验证了改进方法的正确性和有效性。

基于改进YOLOv8与语义知识融合的金具缺陷检测方法研究

针对输电线路螺栓金具缺陷检测任务中存在的缺陷样本类间分布不均、缺陷微小特征提取困难等问题,提出基于改进YOLOv8和语义知识融合的输电线路螺栓缺陷检测方法。首先,通过深入分析数据样本中螺栓金具缺陷种类与该螺栓承载金具种类之间的关系,完成语义关联构建工作;之后,在YOLOv8模型Neck部分引入BiFusion和RepBlock模块,增强模型的特征提取能力;其次,使用改进的融合语义知识校正权重的Loss函数,进一步提高训练模型的准确性,减少误检的发生;最后,分别完成基线选取实验、消融实验、超参数调整实验以及对比实验。实验结果表明,相较于Baseline模型,改进YOLOv8方法在平均精确率(mAP)上提升了4.0%,在关键少样本类精确率上提升了24.6%,可有效提高输电线路螺栓金具缺陷检测的效果,该语义关联构建及语义知识融合方法具有一定的泛用性,为输电线路无人机智能巡检领域提供了新的方法支持。

点云加权迭代线拟合室内平面图自动生成方法

提出了一种基于三维激光点云加权迭代线拟合的室内平面图自动生成方法,根据线特征对三维点云沿高程方向的投影点云进行分割,采用加权迭代直线拟合方法进行分段直线拟合,并进一步对拟合直线进行融合和轮廓补全,实现室内平面图的自动生成。基于手持SLAM系统获取的典型室内场景激光点云自动生成室内平面图,结果表明,该方法能有效抑制室内点云噪声,结构提取完整性可达94.4%,制图精度优于3 cm,可快速生成室内平面结构图。

非视距信号传播场强特性的分析与研究

为探索机场通信路径中障碍物造成非视距传播产生衍射损耗,对信号场强衰减特性进行了研究。首先,基于ITU-R P.1546中不同地形环境对信号传播的影响,结合Deygout模型构建信号场强组合模型。其次,按障碍物数量分析随障碍物高度变化的接收场强传播特性。仿真结果表明,单障碍物越高,占据0.6F1菲涅尔区越大,场强越小;双障碍物路径中,高度增加的障碍物经过由次要转为主要障碍物,直到只剩主要障碍物的过程,使场强逐渐衰减。再次,针对场强上升,分析了次要障碍物高度与0.6F1菲涅尔区的关系。最后,调整覆盖场强最小阈值,确定接收设备是否被障碍物遮挡,从而导致信号被屏蔽。上述研究结果可为未来模拟机场各场景下障碍物分布,预测接收机是否因障碍物受干扰或影响场强覆盖范围提供参考依据。

基于机器视觉的电芯绝缘介质定位算法

为保证电芯绝缘介质定位的准确性和时效性,文章提出一种基于双线性插值亚像素坐标结合改进随机抽样一致性(random sample consensus,RANSAC)算法的绝缘介质定位算法。对工业采集的图像进行空间滤波、阈值分割等预处理操作,分割出目标并增强特征;运用Canny边缘检测算子检测边缘,选取定位轮廓并根据最小外接矩形分离4条边缘直线,用双线性插值公式精确定位边缘直线亚像素坐标;采用部分点先验模型约束RANSAC算法提取4条边缘直线的高质量内点,再用最小二乘法分别拟合4条边缘直线并计算出相应偏移量。实验结果表明,该算法能有效保证绝缘介质的定位精度且具有一定的时效性,可以较好地满足实际生产应用的要求。

基于时间线性拟合的地缆架空混合线路的行波故障定位

目的研究n段地缆架空混合输电线路中行波故障定位问题,提出一种基于时间线性拟合的行波故障定位方法。方法首先对故障区域进行判断,确定故障所在的区域,其次再将不同波阻抗线路进行归一化处理,减少因波速不同而产生的测距误差,最后使用时间线性拟合的方法对故障进行精确定位。结果解决了初始行波波头识别困难的问题,也减小了行波速度随传输距离变化而变化带来的测距误差问题。结论在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建一个500 kV的地缆架空混合输电线路仿真模型,实验的验证结果表明此故障定位方法能够有效地解决因行波速度不同而导致的双端行波测距方法不适用问题,最终实现对故障点的精确定位。