By using household survey data, this paper examines the effect of legal knowledge, a proxy for farmers＇ ability to protect their land, on agricultural development in rural China. The Ordinary Least Square （OLS） est...By using household survey data, this paper examines the effect of legal knowledge, a proxy for farmers＇ ability to protect their land, on agricultural development in rural China. The Ordinary Least Square （OLS） estimation results indicate that legal knowledge in a household raises agricultural production. Further, once the production effect of legal knowledge is controlled for, the objective measure of land expropriation has no production effect. These results survive for alternative measures of legal knowledge and subsample analysis. A two-stage least squares strategy further confirms that the effect of legal knowledge on farm production is causal. A preliminary channel analysis suggests that the impact of legal knowledge on farm production works mainly through farmyard manure investments and labor incentives.展开更多
Legal documents are generally big and complex documents because of specific vocabulary,semantics and structure.One of the major challenges in legal processing systems is to generate summary of legal judgements.Till da...Legal documents are generally big and complex documents because of specific vocabulary,semantics and structure.One of the major challenges in legal processing systems is to generate summary of legal judgements.Till date,in most of the legal systems,the summary of judgements is produced manually by legal experts which are then used by Lawyers,Judges and other legal professionals.The manual process of summarization is very inefficient and time-consuming.Automatic text summarization(ATS)is the process of reducing the content of a textual document,while retaining the core description of text through the use of appropriate tool.The present work proposes a novel Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical process(FAHP)based feature weighting scheme which helps in producing an efficient and effective summary of legal judgement.Model is applied on a number of legal judgements taken from Indian IT Act.Validation of the model is done using ROUGE(Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation)tool with recall,precision,and f-measure as performance measures.The generated summaries are further assessed by legal experts and are found to be more promising than the summaries generated by traditional approaches.展开更多
文摘By using household survey data, this paper examines the effect of legal knowledge, a proxy for farmers＇ ability to protect their land, on agricultural development in rural China. The Ordinary Least Square （OLS） estimation results indicate that legal knowledge in a household raises agricultural production. Further, once the production effect of legal knowledge is controlled for, the objective measure of land expropriation has no production effect. These results survive for alternative measures of legal knowledge and subsample analysis. A two-stage least squares strategy further confirms that the effect of legal knowledge on farm production is causal. A preliminary channel analysis suggests that the impact of legal knowledge on farm production works mainly through farmyard manure investments and labor incentives.
文摘Legal documents are generally big and complex documents because of specific vocabulary,semantics and structure.One of the major challenges in legal processing systems is to generate summary of legal judgements.Till date,in most of the legal systems,the summary of judgements is produced manually by legal experts which are then used by Lawyers,Judges and other legal professionals.The manual process of summarization is very inefficient and time-consuming.Automatic text summarization(ATS)is the process of reducing the content of a textual document,while retaining the core description of text through the use of appropriate tool.The present work proposes a novel Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical process(FAHP)based feature weighting scheme which helps in producing an efficient and effective summary of legal judgement.Model is applied on a number of legal judgements taken from Indian IT Act.Validation of the model is done using ROUGE(Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation)tool with recall,precision,and f-measure as performance measures.The generated summaries are further assessed by legal experts and are found to be more promising than the summaries generated by traditional approaches.
