Analysis and improving countermeasures of medical disputes from the perspective of legal changes

Under the background of medical disputes growing in number,scale and intensity,tracing back legal changes in medical field as a breakthrough point,this paper took a legal perspective to illustrate changes in medical dispute settlements from legislative orientation to legal system improvement.In view of the fact that early legislation in medical field was biased towards identification and punishment of doctors’responsibility,and later intensive legislation in balancing increasing"medical trouble"phenomenon with limited effects and difficulties to abide by the law,this paper proposed to improve doctor-patient dispute settlements system in China referencing from foreign law experience,to reduce investigation of doctors at the judicial level,and to establish a settlement mechanism on doctors’apology at the legislative level,so as to promote a healthy development of doctor-patient relationship.

Research on the Legal Framework of Content Regulations for Network Platforms

In the era of the Internet,various network platforms have evolved into new hubs for information dissemination.Currently,China has established a platform-centered content regulation framework,wherein platforms proactively enforce content regulations in accordance with legal censorship obligations.Additionally,platform policies and user agreements augment their authority in content regulation.The platforms can achieve cost-effective and highly efficient content regulation by leveraging their strategic advantages enabled by their own technical capabilities and extensive coverage.The platform self-regulation model,however,still faces challenges.First,accurately evaluating content remains a formidable task;second,ensuring effective platform publicity through self-regulation poses difficulties;third,users may potentially face disadvantages due to the platform’s right of self-regulation;and fourth,digital copyright owners face challenges when defending digital copyright disputes under the safe harbor rule.Therefore,it is imperative to establish,review,and revise the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms in order to enhance the efficiency of their governance systems.The formulation of the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms may encompass the following aspects:rationalizing obligations pertaining to platform content regulations,enhancing supervision over platform self-regulation,and establishing a dual-track responsibility system for digital copyright content regulation.This will ensure a harmonious balance among public interests,users’personal rights and interests,and commercial benefits through regulating the content on network platforms.

Research on Current Situation and Legal Regulation of Cosmetics Live Streaming E-commerce in China

Analyze the compatibility between cosmetics and live streaming e-commerce from its own nature,marketing means and supply chain characteristics.According to the prominent problems,sort out the relationship between all parties in the cosmetics live e-commerce industry chain.Combined with the latest regulatory policies of live streaming e-commerce and cosmetics,the responsibilities of different subjects in cosmetics live streaming e-commerce are summarized,and relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the standardization and development of live streaming e-commerce.Cosmetics brand owners are the first responsible persons for product quality.Anchors,as a mixed identity between intermediary,advertising spokesperson and operator,should bear stricter joint and several liability when recommending products related to consumers’health.If anchors fail to clearly identify themselves in the recommendation process,thus causing consumers to mistake them for the operator of the cosmetics,they should assume the obligations of the operator.

Research on Enterprise Legal Service Strategy Based on Compliance Management Optimization

With the background of enterprise compliance management,this paper discusses how to improve the level of enterprise legal service and reduce enterprise legal risks by optimizing the compliance management system.It aims to analyze the current situation and existing problems of enterprise legal services through the analysis of the importance of compliance management.Furthermore,it delves into the case of enterprise legal service strategy based on compliance management optimization to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of enterprise legal service strategy.

Exploration of Interdisciplinary Integration in Teaching Reform of Legal Studies and Auditing

This paper attempts to explore interdisciplinary integration from four aspects:the necessity of interdisciplinary integration between legal studies and auditing,the difficulties and challenges encountered in this integration,the ideas for teaching reform in the context of interdisciplinary integration,and the expected outcomes.The aim is to achieve an organic integration of legal studies and auditing through systematic teaching reforms,thereby providing students with comprehensive and integrated knowledge and skills training,ensuring the quality of talent cultivation,and adapting to the needs of social development.

On educational system of legal translation course in colleges of China

With the broadening of economic and commercial communication between China and the outside world, the market of legal and contract document translation job is blooming harshly in both China and abroad. Accompanying this tendency, the professionalizing forensic development of translation is booming up as well. The request for higher education institutions to establish the education system of forensic translation is shining in human＇s eyes, and the cultivating system for the future, the world and profession is highly regarded. So comprehensive profession-cultivating, socialization and economy-serving should be the direction of the education of foreign languages department, related foreign forensic document translation and professional direction of public foreign language teaching as well are the aims of this reform of education. So the aim of this new education system should be the establishing the system of professional translation, forensic translation, cross-subject education and the cultivation of multi-professionals.

Legal序半群

本文首先介绍序半群的正则性和一些格林等价关系,然后介绍一类新的序半--legal序半群,以及它与格林关系相关的性质。笔者指出,一个legal序半群不一定是正则的,同时给出正则的legal序半群的一些性质。

Stylistic Characteristics of English Legal Texts

The characteristics of authority and standard in Legal English decide the significance of the translation about legal English texts. This thesis presents the stylistic features of legal English. It is hoped that translators would be able to understand legal English accurately.

Legal English Vocabulary and Its Translation

There are differences between legal English and general English.Legal English relates to the legal profession.Law needs to maintain the impression of seriousness,standardization,accuracy and objectiveness,and as a result,legal English also has these characteristics.Compared to general everyday English,the application of legal English vocabulary requires consideration of these characteristics.In the translation of legal content,attention is also needed to be paid to the characteristics of forensic linguistics.Standardized legal terms are used in the translation of legal regulations and other content to keep the characteristics of faithfulness,accuracy,smoothness and consistency.In this paper,legal English vocabulary is discussed based on its characteristics,as well as the method of translation of legal content.For practical translation of legal English,translation methods include literal translation,free translation and addition and omission.These methods are briefly discussed in this paper.

Strategies of English Legal Translation

In recent years,China is deepening reform and opening up to the outside world especially after China's successful accession to the WTO.Sino-foreign communication in the field of law is on the rise day by day along with the rapid development of globalization.As can be seen from the previous legal translation studies both in the western world and in China,scholars or researchers have made much effort to conduct studies of legal translation.In this thesis,the basic features of Strategies in legal translation are introduced with some examples in the legal translation practices.And it is explained how to produce a successful legal translation.

Teaching Legal Englishfor Law Studentsin China:Difficultiesand Solutions

Teaching legal English for law students in China is difficult.For one thing,many Chinese law students have trouble moreor less in learning English,because the English language is not their mother tongue.For another,legal English differs a great dealfrom everyday English in many respects,including terminology,phrasing,linguistic structure,and linguistic conventions,whichmakes legal English teaching for law students in China by far harder.To solve difficulties undermining teaching legal English forlaw students in China,the author of this paper holds that in his or her actual legal English teaching,the teacher should boost lawstudents basic English teaching,expose them to cases study of specialized legal English terminology and linguistic structures andconventions.

Romanian legal management rules limit wood production in Norway spruce and beech forests

Background： The quantitative impact of forest management on forests＇ wood resource was evaluated for Picea and Fagus mixed forests. The effects on the productivity of tendering operations, thinnings and rotation length have seldom been directly quantified on landscape scale. Methods： Two sites of similar fertility but subject to contrasted forest management were studied with detailed inventories： one in Germany, the other in Romania, and compared with the respective national forest inventories. In Romania, regulations impose very long rotations, low thinnings and a period of no-cut before harvest. In contrast, tending and thinnings are frequent and intense in Germany. Harvests start much earlier and must avoid clear cutting but maintain a permanent forest cover with natural regeneration. While Germany has an average annual wood increment representative for Central Europe, Romania represents the average for Eastern Europe. Results： The lack of tending and thinning in the Romanian site resulted in twice as many trees per hectare as in the German site for the same age. The productivity in Romanian production forests was 20 % lower than in Germany despite a similar fertility. The results were supported by the data from the national forest inventory of each country, which confirmed that the same differential exists at country scale. Furthermore, provided the difference in rotation length, two crops are harvested in Germany when only one is harvested in Romania. The losses of production due to a lower level of management in Romania where estimated to reach 12.8 million m3.y-1 in regular mountain production forests, and to 15 million m3.y-1 if managed protection forest is included. Conclusions： The productivity of Picea and Fagus mountain forests in Romania is severely depressed by the lack of tending and thinning, by overly long rotations and the existence of a 25-years no-cut period prior to harvest. The average standing volume in Germany was 50 % lower than in Romania, but the higher harvesting rate resulted in more than doubling wood production. Considering the mitigation effects of climate change by forests, it emerges that the increase in standing volume of forests in Romania is smaller than the additional harvest in Germany which serves fossil fuel substitution.

Forest fire prevention management legal regime between China and the United States

Precautions against forest fires,a significant element in the prevention and reduction of natural disasters in China,are very important to the development of public emergency systems,as well as to the safety of forest resources,ecology,people’s lives and properties.The USA has extensive experience in forest fire management,which has been widely accepted and used by other countries.The precautions taken by China and the USA to prevent forest fires have been compared in a great number of previous studies.However,most of the studies have focused merely on fire extinguishing technologies and management methods;they have lacked a comparative study on the legal aspects of management.This paper will consider five distinct aspects related to forest fire management between China and the USA and will analyze the similarities and differences as well as study other features to facilitate work related to precautions against forest fires in China.

Breeding next generation tree fruits: technical and legal challenges

The new plant breeding technologies(NPBTs)have recently emerged as powerful tools in the context of‘green’biotechnologies.They have wide potential compared to classical genetic engineering and they are attracting the interest of politicians,stakeholders and citizens due to the revolutionary impact they may have on agriculture.Cisgenesis and genome editing potentially allow to obtain pathogen-resistant plants or plants with enhanced qualitative traits by introducing or disrupting specific genes in shorter times compared to traditional breeding programs and by means of minimal modifications in the plant genome.Grapevine,the most important fruit crop in the world from an economical point of view,is a peculiar case for NPBTs because of the load of cultural aspects,varietal traditions and consumer demands,which hinder the use of classical breeding techniques and,furthermore,the application of genetic engineering to wine grape cultivars.Here we explore the technical challenges which may hamper the application of cisgenesis and genome editing to this perennial plant,in particular focusing on the bottlenecks of the Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer.In addition,strategies to eliminate undesired sequences from the genome and to choose proper target sites are discussed in light of peculiar features of this species.Furthermore is reported an update of the international legislative frameworks regulating NPBT products which shows conflicting positions and,in the case of the European Union,a prolonged lack of regulation.

Legal System for China's Forest Resource Protection:A Case Study of Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone

Taking Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone as an example,we analyzed existing problems in China'forest resource protection from the perspective of legal system.The problems include unclear property right system of forest resource,imperfect compensation mechanism for forest ecology,forest cutting quota scheme not resolutely put into practice,legal supervision of forest protection not implemented,and lack of integration in forest protection laws.Based on these problems,we put forward countermeasures and suggestions:establish clear forest resource property system;improve ecological benefit compensation mechanism in legal form;strictly implement forest cutting quota scheme;strengthen legal supervision of forest protection;and keep legal system integral for forest resource protection.

Psychotic due to bath salts and methamphetamines:emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia

The use of ＂bath salts＂ or other new psychoactive substances,otherwise known as ＂legal highs＂,is increasing.Illicit drug use during pregnancy is not uncommon.Nevertheless,literature reporting bath salts and their effect on pregnancy is scant.Besides,there seems to be no literature about bath salts and conduct of general anesthesia.This case report describes a general anesthetic for the surgical delivery of an infant to a woman under the acute influence of bath salts and methamphetamines.

An Important Acupuncture Demonstration in the History of Legalization of Acupuncture in the United States

This article details a public acupuncture demonstration that took place on May 9,1972,in San Francisco,California.It was conducted by two traditional Chinese medicine doctors Pien Bae Chi(卞伯岐)and Leung Kok Yuen(梁觉玄),and was observed by 500 American medical doctors.This was an important public acupuncture demonstration in the early history of acupunccture in the United States(US).It directly promoted the passage of the first acupuncture bill by California government and had a significant impact on the legalization of acupuncture in California.

Potential Legal Issues and Care Implications during Care-Prevention Gymnastic Exercises for the Elderly Using Pepper in Long Term Health Care Facilities

In Japan, the shortage of personnel is a problem in long-term care nursing and rehabilitative care prevention. Nevertheless, Japan has taken measures to compensate for these shortages by promoting medical and nursing care activities using robotic technologies, and employing human resources from overseas. The purpose of this study was to determine potential legal issues and subsequent implications for care during prevention gymnastic exercises for the elderly using Pepper in long-term health facilities. The application program of Care-Prevention Gymnastics Exercises for Pepper (Pepper with CPGE) was made by the Xing Company Japan. Currently, care workers become intermediaries for the safe use of Pepper with CPGE. However, it was realized that some legal issues may arise if Pepper with CPGE alone will carry out these preventive care programs for the elderly without the presence of care workers as intermediaries. In this situation, using Pepper with CPGE alone to conduct care prevention gymnastics will require safety measures to prevent these possible practice issues and anticipate implications for care. In this regard, determining detailed target levels of rehabilitation exercise demands and environmental setting safety become essential factors. The use of humanoid robots in healthcare is expected to influence more practice protocols in contemporary and futurist rehabilitative human care. The identification of possible safety issues in performance and environmental situations, and implications for care are critical to ensure safe and valuable rehabilitative health care practices for the elderly population.

Legal System Governing on Water Pollution in Iran

In the present era, water contamination represents one of the considerable environmental problems. Population growth along with ever increasing industrial developments has resulted in the contamination of most of the water resources in the world, bringing about serious problems for humans and other living organisms. According to the human life on earth depends on the way different water resources are exploited, the most important way to preserve the quality of water resources is to codify appropriate regulations and standards and develop plans for proper and principled implementation of them. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to take required actions to manage water resources optimally. In this regard, one of the most significant legal tools is the law. Following a descriptive-analytic approach, the present research aims to consider legal challenges in the context of water contamination briefly. Investigations indicate that, given the limitations in water resources, in future, water contamination will raise serious problems for the country should the solutions and measures required for tackling this issue are not well incorporated into respective regulations. As such, in order to systemize the activities within this scope, it is necessary to codify a comprehensive act about different water-related topics, so as to cover all separate and sparse pieces of regulations on water. Further, acquiring help from experts when preparing the regulations with an emphasis on the inhibitory role of penalties, roles of NGOs and culture-making in the society will contribute to the successful legal protection of the quality of water resources.

Regulation on the Protection of Fossils Issued by the State Council of the People's Republic of China:Scientists' Researches Protected Legally—Further Explanation

With large-scale engineering projects being carried out in China, a large number of fossil localities have been discovered and excavated by responsible agencies, but still some important fossils of great value have been removed and smuggled into foreign countries. In the last three years, more than 1345 fossil specimens have been intercepted by Customs in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing and elsewhere, and more than 5000 fossils, most of which are listed as key fossils,