Promoting the Education of Legal Professionals for International Arbitration in China--The 15th CIETAC Cup Had Record Number of New Participants

On November 20 to 24, 2017, the 15th CIETAC CUP International Commercial Arbitration Moot Court Competition, hosted by the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission （CIETAC）, was held in Beijing. Wang Chengjie,

Colleges should focus on transformation of applied community-oriented professional music talents

In the context of higher education development, the prominent problem the development of higher education facing is different levels and types of schools convergence development. This directly affects the convergence and development tendencies of music professional construction and development local high school, it is highlighted that music training objectives positioning is not clear in the local high school, they consciously or unconsciously move closer to the music professional institutions in teaching content and methods, so higher education cannot meet the local music community, especially the diverse musical talent needs of grassroots community.

Research on the Bottleneck and Countermeasures of Community Nursing Staff＇s Professional Construction

With the increasing of aging, community pension is becoming the choice of the majority of elderly people, and the quality of community care service is closely related to the professional level of nursing staff. Through the questionnaire survey, the nursing staff＇ s high age and low education, lack of related legal basis, lack of assessment standard, the public do not understand professional construction and lack of corresponding incentive mechanism is the main bottleneck of the professional development of the nursing staff.We can through some countermeasures,such as improve the mechanism of personnel protection for community nursing staff, improve management mechanism and legal mechanism, strengthen the ideological understanding understanding of the professional construction of community nursing staffand so on ,to improve the professional level of community nursing staff, in order to better improve the service quality of nurse.

Challenges faced by community health nurses to achieve universal health coverage in Myanmar:A mixed methods study

Objective:This study aimed to identify the challenges of community health nurses(CHNs)in delivering effective community health care to achieve universal health coverage(UHC)in Myanmar.Methods:A total of 30 CHNs from township health centers in the northeastern,southern,and western parts of Myanmar were purposefully recruited for quantitative and qualitative interviews.Quantitative data were processed using Microsoft Excel software,and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.This study is registered with researchregistry6201.Results:Around the country,30 CHNs uncovered their hardships in implementing primary health care to achieve UHC.Over 90%of the participants agreed to the problem of inadequate health infrastructure,while half of them felt unmotivated when they encountered role conflicts among various cadres of healthcare providers and poor opportunities for career promotion.Major problems arose from the lack of standard professional education at the entry point to community settings because most CHNs did not achieve specialized training in providing public health services.Complications are incapable of evaluating health services for policy-making and the inability to conduct health research to develop evidencebased practices.Insecure work and living conditions,unsupportive community relationships,and undereducation in professional practices were supportive major themes explored by CHNs to achieve a deeper understanding of the barriers to UHC.Not only the health system itself but also the population and other geographical factors have contributed to many challenges to CHNs.Conclusion:Myanmar’s CHNs face many challenges in achieving UHC.These challenges are not confined to the health sector.Some situations,such as geographical barriers and transportation problems,remain persistent challenges for healthcare providers.This study highlights the fact that current health systems should be strengthened by qualified healthcare providers and sufficient infrastructure.Meanwhile,public empowerment plays a critical role in promoting health development.

Patient Perspectives of the Role of the Community Pharmacist in the Middle East: Jordan, United Arab Emirates and Iraq

Objectives: To explore patient’s perspectives of the role of the community pharmacist in view of other health care professionals (specialist physician, general practitioner, nurse and others (e.g. herbalist)) in Jordan, UAE and Iraq. The study also investigated patient’s willingness to pay for specialized pharmaceutical care services. Methods: This study followed a single phase cross sectional survey methodology, conducted in three Middle Eastern countries. Data were collected over a period of 6 months on two consecutive years (March to May 2009 and 2010). A questionnaire was designed and validated, then completed by patients walking into community pharmacies. The source of advice (specialist physician, general practitioner, pharmacist, nurse, or herbalist) regarding patient’s medication use and medical management were investigated. Key findings: Patients visiting community pharmacies in Jordan (n = 1000), UAE (n = 1000) and Iraq (n = 968) were recruited into the study (mean age 35.9 ± 13.1, 50.6% males). Significant difference between the three countries was shown, as more patients chose the pharmacist as their primary source of advice on medication use vs. the specialist physician in Jordan (50.8% vs. 37.3%) and Iraq (41.9% vs. 36.7%) compared to UAE (38.0% vs. 40.1%), P < 0.001, Chi-square test. Few agreed to receive paid pharmaceutical care services (Jordan 19.5%;UAE 24.7%;Iraq 2.3%). Conclusion: Current situation resulting in the lower socioeconomic status in Jordan and Iraq seems to lead to patients’ higher reliance on the pharmacist, as compared to the UAE. Majority of patients, regardless of the country of origin, are not willing to pay for specialized pharmaceutical care services. These findings are important for future social pharmacy research in the area.

Community Institutional Arrangements for Conservation and Development Through Tourism: An Analysis of the Nkuringo Conservation and Community Development Foundation, Uganda

Tropical forests provide some of the richest biodiversity amid and adjacent to the world’s poorest people as they lose access to resources when forests are designated for strict preservation.Integrated Conservation Development Projects(ICDPs)aimed at conservation and compensated communities adjacent to conserved resources through revenue sharing from the resultant economic activities.However,Community-Based Natural Resource Management(CBNRM)approaches seek to reconcile biodiversity conservation with community livelihoods strategies to reduce poverty.Nkuringo Conservation and Community Development Foundation on the Southern Fringes of Bwindi National Park in Kisoro District adopted the Community-Based Natural Resource Management model where communities benefit both financially and socially from conservation.The model provides a“win-win”situation where both human beings and wildlife benefit.The objective of this paper is to profile Nkuringo Conservation and Community Development Foundation(NCCDF)adoption of the model by analyzing the model,actors involved,the legal framework,benefits accrued,challenges,and strategies to ameliorate them.The paper adopted a case study research design and collected both qualitative and quantitative data using desk top research methods,observation,oral interviews,and focus group discussions(FGDs).The communities of Nteko and Rubuguri parishes participate in the project which has conserved the mountain gorillas and forests for tourism and diversified community livelihood through tourism,sale of handcrafts,an eco-lodge(Clouds Lodge)and commercial agriculture which contribute to poverty reduction.

Why Multi-Sectoral Approaches Are Rarely Applied in Community Health Interventions in Some Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa?

The objective of this work is to analyze the reasons why community health interventions in Africa do not consider multisectoral approaches. To achieve it, we perform a mini-review of health development policies and plans available online in seven countries from four regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, two main reasons have been highlighted. First, national strategic plans and policies for health development, in their formulation, neither sufficiently emphasize multisectoral approaches, nor sufficiently make these approaches operational in strategies and activities. Second, the mindset of health professionals due to their initial training orientation based on the biomedical approach, stands that disease is only a result of a physiological imbalance in the body;therefore, to restore health, such an imbalance only needs sophisticated procedures and interventions to be overcome. Such an orientation completely ignores the social, cultural and economic context in which the individual lives, which has an irretrievable influence on the health imbalance. However, health, influenced by the conditions in which people are conceived, born, grow, live, work and aged, cannot be effectively improved in a sustainable way without taking into account all these conditions. Whence the importance of approaches based on every sector of human activity that influences the living conditions.

FROM TEACHER GROUP TO LEARNING COMMUNITY:TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING COLLEGE ENGLISH TEACHERS' PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Among the research of language teachers' professional development in the course of reform,most studies take a psychological or cognitive approach and largely neglect the social element in a teacher's professional growth.This paper,therefore,is intended to build up a theoretical and analytical framework for a large-scale on-going study that looks at college English teachers' professional development from a sociological and anthropological perspective.The notion of learning community constitutes the core of the theoretical framework that orients the author's understanding of the tensions and conflictions in teachers' socialization into the teacher community within the context of radical change.In particular,the literature on three dimensions of the learning process is critically reviewed,i.e.personal dimension,interpersonal dimension and organizational dimension.

Health professionals’perspective on the impact of community health care reform in different regions of China

Objective:Changes in supplying community health services,degree of satisfaction,and pol-icy suggestions are presented from the perspectives of health professionals in different regions of China with the purpose of further facilitating comprehensive reform of community health services.Methods:Based on geographic location and economic level of development,eight cities were selected and 12 community health service institutions were chosen by random sampling from each city.A questionnaire survey was conducted by the health professionals.Results:With respect to working enthusiasm,reduction in antibiotic drug use,social image and trust of patients,more health professionals in middle and western China showed positive feed-backs than those in eastern China.With respect to preliminary results of the reform,performance and salary,and health care insurance policies,health professionals’satisfaction levels in middle and western China were higher than in eastern China.The health professionals in middle and western China were more concerned about equipment,infrastructure and increasing training op-portunities.The health professionals in both eastern and middle China accentuated improving the variety of essential drugs covered by health insurance,while health professionals in eastern China suggested performance-related payment reform.Conclusions:The performance of health professionals in middle and western China was improved more signifi cantly through comprehensive reform than that of health professionals in eastern China.For health professionals in middle and western China,it is essential to strengthen infrastructure and increase professional training,while health professionals in middle and eastern China would like to see an increase in the variety of essential drugs,and those in eastern China require strengthening performance-related payment reform.

我国法律职业教育的发展与展望

中央《关于加强新时代法学教育和法学理论研究的意见》《关于推动现代职业教育高质量发展的意见》等相关部署和政策举措,为扶持发展法律职业教育带来新的发展机遇,为优化法学院校体系和构建法学教育新发展格局提供了有力制度保障。为更好把握法律职业教育今后发展,思想认识上要明确法律高等职业教育与法律专业学位教育属于同一的人才培养的性质,二者不能分别开来;要重新审视和总结提炼法律职业人才培养积累的丰富经验,在国家重新布局“普通高等教育”和“职高”两个并立体系基础上,要统筹考虑法律专科、法律本科、法律硕士、法律博士各层次人才培养环节的管理体制、工作机制与政策协调,各层次人才培养与现行三级学位制度的关系,与国家统一法律职业资格考试准入条件设计的关系,以及职业教育体系中法律本科与普通高等教育中法学本科之间的关系等重大问题。在这个过程中,必须强化系统思维,加强统筹谋划,努力一体推进。

论法学课程思政教育的社会支持条件

法学课程思政教育的目标不是锻炼法科生的硬技能,而是要提升法科生对社会主义法治理念与社会主义核心价值观的忠诚信仰。既然是要塑造法科生的世界观、人生观、价值观,就需要在课程内外、专业内外、学校内外同步发力,选择以赛促学等“第二课堂”形式,基于问题导向、实践导向设计培养目标,增强法科生的证据意识、程序意识、法律论证意识与职业伦理意识。通过普法服务、法律援助等方式,激励法科生主动完成法律检索报告、代拟法律文书,借助身体力行的方式让法科生切实感悟弘德砺才的重要性。通过校友访谈、参加学校内外的专业研讨活动,可以增强法科生钻研法学知识的热情与信心,促进法律职业共同体接班人整体素质的提升。

新文科背景下高等学校法学教育的三个维度

培育时代新人是新文科建设的根本任务。法治中国建设,关键靠人。高等学校法学教育不仅是法学知识与职业技能的传授,更重要的是培养学生坚守法律职业道德、笃定法治信仰。法学知识与职业技能的传授是高等学校法学教育的基础,法律职业道德教育是高等学校法学教育的关键环节,法治信仰教育是高等学校法学教育的终极价值。

融媒体时代法律职业群体出镜素养提升探析

融媒体时代背景下,常态化的出镜工作为从事各类法律职业的工作者提升业务效率和树立良好职业形象提供了有力保障。但法律职业群体在适用出镜这种较新的工作方式时,还存在出镜积极性不高、出镜正向性不强和出镜效果不佳等问题。有鉴于此,亟须梳理法律职业群体的出镜情形,然后从强化对出镜工作的认识、规范出镜的行为仪容和加强出镜的专门训练等三方面综合着力,提升法律职业群体的出镜素养,优化法律职业群体出镜的表现效果。

法律诊所教学中法律职业伦理培养机制研究——以课程思政为视角

诊所法律教育是学生在真实的社会环境中不断实践,隐性提升实务操作能力,培养职业伦理的教学方法。法律诊所课程具有亲历性、自主性和开放性的特点。法律诊所课有利于实现以学生为主体的教学理念,有利于学生树立正确的价值观,养成法律职业道德。以课程思政为视角,探索形成“真实案例+沉浸式情境教学+反思建构”的路径以实现法律诊所教学中对学生法律职业伦理的培养。

我国检察侦查权的历史、现实与完善

检察机关侦查权自始至终与检察机关相伴而生、同向而行。我国检察机关与监委有不同的监督面向,体现着检察机关在《宪法》中的性质定位。新时代下检察机关侦查权调整和重构存在一定的制度空间,但检察机关侦查权的完善同样存在现实性、紧迫性。检察机关侦查权的完善,应当从属其法律监督的宪法定位,基于我国监察体制改革的制度现实和行使法律监督的实践需求展开。以检察侦查为载体,切实打通检察机关与证据的关联,有助于检察机关法律监督的全面践行,完成检察机关“未尽的改革”。检察机关侦查权的运行问题,不仅涉及内设机构的改革,更应成为检察视角下程序改革的又一重要契机,要借助这一变革端口,重新审视和解决检察职能运行中存在的法律和制度瓶颈,既站在法律框架之内求改革,又站在法律之外谋改革。

关于《教师法》修订中的法律责任之完善探讨

1993年《教师法》是首部以专章形式规定教师法律责任的教育法律。该部法律在具体内容、逻辑安排和体系衔接等方面还存在不足。《教师法》修订草案征求意见稿和送审稿均对法律责任章有所修订。《教师法》修订应借鉴《公务员法》《法官法》《检察官法》《人民警察法》等公务员类立法和《医师法》《律师法》等职业类立法相关规定,细化教师法律责任,推动《教师法》有效实施,以“强师”助推“教育强国”建设。

论推进中国式市域社会治理现代化的四重逻辑

中国式市域社会治理现代化是指在中国式现代化的总体目标下,依托市域社会的禀赋结构及其利益、价值与治理的现代化目标价值取向,通过充分调动政府、社会组织、企业、公民等多元主体治理资源,并运用法律法规、自治章程、企业规章等治理规范,实现市域社会治理社会化、法治化、智能化、专业化的整体性实施过程。作为社会治理在市域层面的展开,中国式市域社会治理现代化的过程就是市域社会治理“四化”的过程,其包含“四化”的深层逻辑与内在机理。基于后果主义理论,中国式市域社会治理现代化须在“四化”四重逻辑框架下深入推进。其中,主体的社会化是基础,应提高社会主体参与质量,推进市域社会治理社会化;过程的法治化是保障,应通过良法善治,推进市域社会治理法治化;手段的智能化是支撑,应擅于利用技术赋能市域社会治理,推进市域社会治理智能化;路径的专业化是抓手,应通过分权动态联动,推进市域社会治理专业化。

高校师德师风建设法治化的理论逻辑与路径探索

推进高校师德师风法治化建设是彰显高校依法治校能力的应然之举。目前,需要深入探究高校师德师风法治化建设的现实困境与理论逻辑,前者指明解决问题的方向,后者提供解决问题的方法论,为后续的路径探索奠定基础,推动新时代高校师德师风法治化建设工作不断深化。

新时代法治工作队伍建设的理论旨归及其创新发展

“坚持建设德才兼备的高素质法治工作队伍”是习近平法治思想的重要组成部分,《关于加强新时代法学教育和法学理论研究的意见》对此提出了明确而具体的要求。全面推进依法治国,首先要把法治专门队伍建设好,要加强理想信念教育,深入开展社会主义核心价值观和社会主义法治理念教育,推进法治专门队伍革命化、正规化、专业化、职业化,确保做到忠于党、忠于国家、忠于人民、忠于法律。要研究解决制约政法工作的体制性、机制性、政策性问题,深入开展政法队伍教育整顿,克服“本领恐慌”,努力建设一支党和人民信得过、靠得住、能放心的政法队伍。要促进作为全面依法治国重要力量的法律服务队伍,在保障当事人合法权益、维护社会公平正义、开展法治宣传教育、化解社会矛盾、促进社会和谐等方面发挥重要作用。要积极构建具有中国特色的法学学科体系、学术体系和话语体系,要统筹国内法治和涉外法治,完善涉外法治体系,加快形成系统完备的涉外法律法规体系,为推进更高水平对外开放、推进“一带一路”建设,推动全球治理体系变革、构建人类命运共同体保驾护航。

“法律职业伦理”课程教学改革与展望--以清华法学院为例

法律职业伦理教育具有感召和规制的双重使命,同时具有被重视和忽视的悖论现象。清华大学法学院“法律职业伦理”课程开展教学改革,注重古今中西贯通、理论与实践的结合、吸收域外教学经验并注重启发式教学,以历史视野、比较视野和中国实际三个观察维度贯穿教学,并建立课程案例库等。就学生反馈来看,该教学设计的调整存在课程目标、理论教学作用不明晰等固有问题并引发课业压力大等新问题。法律职业伦理教学是法学教育二重性的集中与发散,学生的多重困惑实际来自授课者对法律技术的教与学、道德的教与学、交叉学科教与学问题的困惑。法律职业伦理教学的改进需厘清该三者及其关系,明确课程教学目的,激活所依托的基础理论教学和职业道德教育,强化学生的主体性作用,同时把握变与不变,前者因应法律与社会的动态性,表现为掌握法律政策与改革动向,拓展特定法律职业伦理的内涵与外延,后者系道德性思维的阐发。