Financing difficulties have always been one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of"three rural".The core to solve the difficulties is to seek financing collaterals that in line with the law and wi...Financing difficulties have always been one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of"three rural".The core to solve the difficulties is to seek financing collaterals that in line with the law and with the value able to be effectively evaluated.Besides,the law confirmation of the mortgage financing's form for Rural Land ManagementRight(RLMR)is the primary prerequisite for rural land financing.With the continuous advancement of rural revitalization strategy,the rural land reform with the main content of"three powers separation"has paid more attention to the functions of RLMR financing.Due to the lack of supply of existing laws,there are still certain legal risks in the financing of RLMR.Based on rural revitalization strategy,this paper made an in-depth analysis of the causes of financing risk of RLMR.Furthermore,we put forward some possible paths to legalize this right.展开更多
The new taxation system has beenoperated smoothly and its positiveresults have become evident since Chinacarried out the reform of the taxation systemin 1994.This was said by Mr.Liu Zhongli,Finance Minister and Direct...The new taxation system has beenoperated smoothly and its positiveresults have become evident since Chinacarried out the reform of the taxation systemin 1994.This was said by Mr.Liu Zhongli,Finance Minister and Director-General ofthe State Administration of Taxation at apress conference recently.The new taxationsystem brought RMB100 billion more to theTreasury in 1994,and the figure is expectedto be bigger in 1995,he disclosed. The minister said that the state hasadopted an appropriately tight financial展开更多
The paper explores urban public finance in the late medieval towns on the example of two largest cities in Moravia-Olomouc and Brno. Its purpose is to define similarities and differences between them, to express chang...The paper explores urban public finance in the late medieval towns on the example of two largest cities in Moravia-Olomouc and Brno. Its purpose is to define similarities and differences between them, to express changes which have taken place in the course of the 15th century, and to distinguish financial administration and types of investments in the towns situated in the Eastern part of the Holy Roman Empire from those in the West. The primary sources （municipal books, charters, and Jewish registers） are analyzed using quantitative and comparative methods and the concept of the 15th century financial crisis is reconsidered. The analysis proved that each town within the Empire paid a fixed percentage of the total tax sum of central direct taxation through a system of repartition so that each tax increase caused an ever growing pressure on its finances. New taxes collected in Bmo and Olomouc after 1454 were not proportional to the economic power and population of both cities and gave preferential benefit to Olomouc. At the same time the importance of urban middle classes as tax-farmers started to grow. They increasingly gained influence on the financial and fiscal regime, both through political emancipation as well as by serving as financial officials. The Jewish registers document a general lack of money in the 1430s and 1440s which played into hands of the Jewish usurers. Accounting records from the 1480s and 1490s, to the contrary, give evidence of the growth of loans, debts and credit enterprise. The restructuring of urban elites, caused by financial crises and social conflicts, was centered round the wish for a more efficient management of urban financial resources and more intensive control rights. It was a common feature of towns in the West just as in the East of the Empire. On the other side, the tax basis in the West was rather created by indirect taxes, while direct taxes prevailed in the East. Trade activities played more important role in the West, whereas rich burghers in the East rather invested into land estates. From the research also emerged that the establishment of separate cashes is documented in the West only, the management of urban finance in the East remained limited to a single-entry accounting.展开更多
Since early 1980s, in particular during the period of "7th and 8th Five-year Plan"(1986- 1995), China’s power sector has adopted successfully the policy of multichannel and diversified financing to raise fu...Since early 1980s, in particular during the period of "7th and 8th Five-year Plan"(1986- 1995), China’s power sector has adopted successfully the policy of multichannel and diversified financing to raise funds as well as encouraging to introduce foreign funds for its development and has got tremendous achievements. This paper describes the channels and methods to raise funds from both domestic and international market to meet huge demand of funds amounting to 690 billion yuan RMBfor the sector development during "gth Fiveyear Plan" period (1996-2000) in the wake of overall reform and achievements in the past decade. This paper also presents the legal framework supporting to suit for the methods and channels of the financing. Some suggestions have been made.展开更多
New Urbanization is a major strategic decision for building socialism with Chinese characteristics,which has a profound significance for the comprehensive moves towards the completion of building a moderately prospero...New Urbanization is a major strategic decision for building socialism with Chinese characteristics,which has a profound significance for the comprehensive moves towards the completion of building a moderately prosperous society,accelerating the process of socialist modernization.The development of new urbanization requires the support of relevant mechanisms and systems.According to documents released by the State Council of China,promoting the innovation of urbanization systems is a crucial component to the cause of new urbanization in 2015.Based on the new urbanization system stipulated in The National New Urbanization Plan(2014-2020),this paper chooses to analyze how the fund security mechanism promotes innovation of the urbanization system in Western China from the perspective of public finance and taxation.This paper analyzes the relationship between urbanization and fund security,the importance of public funding to urbanization,and the shortcomings of urbanization in terms of public funding and taxation.This paper also discusses how the urbanization system can be promoted by improving the institution of fiscal transfer payments and local tax systems.展开更多
基金A phasic achievement of the Ministry of Education Youth Fund Project named “Law Research on Online Transaction of Rural Land Management Right under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy”(Project No.18yjc820001)funded by the China Scholarship Council(Project No.201907845009)
文摘Financing difficulties have always been one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of"three rural".The core to solve the difficulties is to seek financing collaterals that in line with the law and with the value able to be effectively evaluated.Besides,the law confirmation of the mortgage financing's form for Rural Land ManagementRight(RLMR)is the primary prerequisite for rural land financing.With the continuous advancement of rural revitalization strategy,the rural land reform with the main content of"three powers separation"has paid more attention to the functions of RLMR financing.Due to the lack of supply of existing laws,there are still certain legal risks in the financing of RLMR.Based on rural revitalization strategy,this paper made an in-depth analysis of the causes of financing risk of RLMR.Furthermore,we put forward some possible paths to legalize this right.
文摘The new taxation system has beenoperated smoothly and its positiveresults have become evident since Chinacarried out the reform of the taxation systemin 1994.This was said by Mr.Liu Zhongli,Finance Minister and Director-General ofthe State Administration of Taxation at apress conference recently.The new taxationsystem brought RMB100 billion more to theTreasury in 1994,and the figure is expectedto be bigger in 1995,he disclosed. The minister said that the state hasadopted an appropriately tight financial
文摘The paper explores urban public finance in the late medieval towns on the example of two largest cities in Moravia-Olomouc and Brno. Its purpose is to define similarities and differences between them, to express changes which have taken place in the course of the 15th century, and to distinguish financial administration and types of investments in the towns situated in the Eastern part of the Holy Roman Empire from those in the West. The primary sources （municipal books, charters, and Jewish registers） are analyzed using quantitative and comparative methods and the concept of the 15th century financial crisis is reconsidered. The analysis proved that each town within the Empire paid a fixed percentage of the total tax sum of central direct taxation through a system of repartition so that each tax increase caused an ever growing pressure on its finances. New taxes collected in Bmo and Olomouc after 1454 were not proportional to the economic power and population of both cities and gave preferential benefit to Olomouc. At the same time the importance of urban middle classes as tax-farmers started to grow. They increasingly gained influence on the financial and fiscal regime, both through political emancipation as well as by serving as financial officials. The Jewish registers document a general lack of money in the 1430s and 1440s which played into hands of the Jewish usurers. Accounting records from the 1480s and 1490s, to the contrary, give evidence of the growth of loans, debts and credit enterprise. The restructuring of urban elites, caused by financial crises and social conflicts, was centered round the wish for a more efficient management of urban financial resources and more intensive control rights. It was a common feature of towns in the West just as in the East of the Empire. On the other side, the tax basis in the West was rather created by indirect taxes, while direct taxes prevailed in the East. Trade activities played more important role in the West, whereas rich burghers in the East rather invested into land estates. From the research also emerged that the establishment of separate cashes is documented in the West only, the management of urban finance in the East remained limited to a single-entry accounting.
文摘Since early 1980s, in particular during the period of "7th and 8th Five-year Plan"(1986- 1995), China’s power sector has adopted successfully the policy of multichannel and diversified financing to raise funds as well as encouraging to introduce foreign funds for its development and has got tremendous achievements. This paper describes the channels and methods to raise funds from both domestic and international market to meet huge demand of funds amounting to 690 billion yuan RMBfor the sector development during "gth Fiveyear Plan" period (1996-2000) in the wake of overall reform and achievements in the past decade. This paper also presents the legal framework supporting to suit for the methods and channels of the financing. Some suggestions have been made.
文摘New Urbanization is a major strategic decision for building socialism with Chinese characteristics,which has a profound significance for the comprehensive moves towards the completion of building a moderately prosperous society,accelerating the process of socialist modernization.The development of new urbanization requires the support of relevant mechanisms and systems.According to documents released by the State Council of China,promoting the innovation of urbanization systems is a crucial component to the cause of new urbanization in 2015.Based on the new urbanization system stipulated in The National New Urbanization Plan(2014-2020),this paper chooses to analyze how the fund security mechanism promotes innovation of the urbanization system in Western China from the perspective of public finance and taxation.This paper analyzes the relationship between urbanization and fund security,the importance of public funding to urbanization,and the shortcomings of urbanization in terms of public funding and taxation.This paper also discusses how the urbanization system can be promoted by improving the institution of fiscal transfer payments and local tax systems.
