Design and Simulation of an Audio Signal Alerting and Automatic Control System

A large part of our daily lives is spent with audio information. Massive obstacles are frequently presented by the colossal amounts of acoustic information and the incredibly quick processing times. This results in the need for applications and methodologies that are capable of automatically analyzing these contents. These technologies can be applied in automatic contentanalysis and emergency response systems. Breaks in manual communication usually occur in emergencies leading to accidents and equipment damage. The audio signal does a good job by sending a signal underground, which warrants action from an emergency management team at the surface. This paper, therefore, seeks to design and simulate an audio signal alerting and automatic control system using Unity Pro XL to substitute manual communication of emergencies and manual control of equipment. Sound data were trained using the neural network technique of machine learning. The metrics used are Fast Fourier transform magnitude, zero crossing rate, root mean square, and percentage error. Sounds were detected with an error of approximately 17%;thus, the system can detect sounds with an accuracy of 83%. With more data training, the system can detect sounds with minimal or no error. The paper, therefore, has critical policy implications about communication, safety, and health for underground mine.

Design of a modern automatic control system for the activated sludge process in wastewater treatment

The Activated Sludge Process(ASP) exhibits highly nonlinear properties. The design of an automatic control system that is robust against disturbance of inlet wastewater flow rate and has short process settling times is a challenging matter. The proposed control method is an I-P modi fied controller automatic control system with state variable feedback and control canonical form simulation diagram for the process. A more stable response is achieved with this type of modern control. Settling times of 0.48 days are achieved for the concentration of microorganisms,(reference value step increase of 50 mg·L-1) and 0.01 days for the concentration of oxygen(reference value step increase of 0.1 mg·L-1). Fluctuations of concentrations of oxygen and microorganisms after an inlet disturbance of5 × 103m3·d-1are small. Changes in the reference values of oxygen and microorganisms(increases by 10%, 20% and 30%) show satisfactory response of the system in all cases. Changes in the value of inlet wastewater flow rate disturbance(increases by 10%, 25%, 50% and 100%) are stabilized by the control system in short time. Maximum percent overshoot is also taken in consideration in all cases and the largest value is 25% which is acceptable. The proposed method with I-P controller is better for disturbance rejection and process settling times compared to the same method using PI controller. This method can substitute optimal control systems in ASP.

The Application of Principle of Automatic Control in the site Management of Electric Power Construction Enterprise

It is need to establish site project department during the construction of electric power project.The head office should design and build the main structure,continually improve structure of project department,meantime,positively apply principle of automatic control to improve the site management of electric power construction.In this article,the application strategy of principle of automatic control is analyzed focusing on the site work of electric power construction.

Design and Application of Water, Fertilizer and Pesticide Integrated Automatic Control Device

Integration of water, fertilizer and pesticide is the final stage of agricultural development, which improves the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer and pesticide. Starting from the design and realization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated automatic control device, the paper discusses selection and application of fertilizer pesticides, use procedure, water, fertilizer and pesticide saving effect and receptive crowd in the application process of modern planting industry, so as to provide the basis for promotion and popularization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integration.

Research on HCI Prototype Design of Ink Automatic Control System for Offset Printer

In order to solve the low efficiency and poor precision problems of traditional ink control methods on domestic offset printers,developing modern ink automatic control system has become more and more urgent.As an important subsystem,the hu- man computer interface (HCI) is a key function for the wholly automatic control.Once this goal is obtained,all the printing pro- cedures especially the automatic control of ink volume should be finished with human computer interface in different areas.consid- ering the HCI design theory and structure characteristics of domestic printers comprehensively,the HCI prototype for automatic ink control system has been developed based on Visual Basic platform.As the individual ink key is instead of the integrated key,the di- vision result of ink fountain can be displayed on the interface.Through the interface,the dynamic adjusting functions such as mod- ifying ink volume,locking or unlocking each ink key and real-time displaying the adjusting results etc.can be completed.The sim- ulation test has shown that the opening and practical feature of the prototype is satisfactory.

Study of Robotization for Excavator on the Automatic Control System of the Excavating Process

Based on reference[1], the Automatic Control System of the Excavating Process (ACSEP) is studied and aualyzed In this paper- At first, the general structure of the control system is discussed- And theo depeded on the kinematical equations, the "Generator or Expected link variable (GE)" and "Generator of Actual bucket trajectory (CA)" are put forward. Finally, based on the current technology and existing techniques of WD-400 Mechanical Forward Excavator (MFE), the automatic system of excavating process composed of two relatively indepodent sub-systems is designed with simple but practical structure’ According to the computer simulation, this control system has high tracking precision to the desired trajectory and good adaptive capacity to the load disturbance.

Design and realization of the automatic control system for the bell anneal furnace production

In accordance with the technical requirements of the full hydrogen bell anneal furnace(BAF)used for the annealing of stainless steel coils in the Baosteel Stainless Steel Business Unit,the design concept for the automatic control system was introduced in the paper.The major points described concerned the infrastructure of computers and networks,system interfaces,control functions,etc.The process control system of the full hydrogen BAF(L2)was the topic and its seven main functions were introduced.The expected output was achieved and manufacturing efficiency was enhanced within three months after the BAF units were put into operation,which demonstrated that the design concept of the automatic control system introduced in the paper was correct and that its functionalities were effective.

Effectiveness of Automatic Control over Flash Distillation Kettle for Liquid-Phase Bulk Polymerization of Propylene

Automatic control over flash distillation section at SINOPEC Cangzhou Refinery has been realized, resulting in saving of propylene feedstock and emission reduction to harvest significant economic benefits.

Design and Implementation of Automatic Control Drip Irrigation Device in Macadamia Digital Management

Macadamia has the highest economic value and has always enjoyed the reputation of"king of dried fruits".In the process of digital management,irrigation is the most widely used.This paper designs the automatic control drip irrigation device in the digital management of macadamia nuts,including drip irrigation pipe,soil moisture sensor,motor,water storage chamber,water pump and central controller,and then gives an implementation scheme.The device is not only convenient for laying and positioning,but also convenient for controlling the overall irrigation water consumption during each drip irrigation and accurate use and improving the level of digital management.

Study on the Interactivity of Controlled and Automatic Information Processing in L2 Reading

L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.

Application Strategies of Automatic Addressable Single-Lamp Control Technology in Tunnel Lighting

The article mainly studies the application strategy of automatic addressable single-lamp control technology in tunnel lighting.It encompasses an introduction to this technology,an analysis of the tunnel lighting system using automatic addressable single-lamp control technology,and outlines the main development direction for this technology in modern tunnel lighting.The aim is to offer insights that can inform the rational deployment of this technology,thereby enhancing the lighting control effectiveness in modern tunnels and meeting their specific lighting requirements more effectively.

Path Planning and Tracking Control for Parking via Soft Actor-Critic Under Non-Ideal Scenarios

Parking in a small parking lot within limited space poses a difficult task. It often leads to deviations between the final parking posture and the target posture. These deviations can lead to partial occupancy of adjacent parking lots, which poses a safety threat to vehicles parked in these parking lots. However, previous studies have not addressed this issue. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the impact of parking deviation of existing vehicles next to the target parking lot(PDEVNTPL) on the automatic ego vehicle(AEV) parking, in terms of safety, comfort, accuracy, and efficiency of parking. A segmented parking training framework(SPTF) based on soft actor-critic(SAC) is proposed to improve parking performance. In the proposed method, the SAC algorithm incorporates strategy entropy into the objective function, to enable the AEV to learn parking strategies based on a more comprehensive understanding of the environment. Additionally, the SPTF simplifies complex parking tasks to maintain the high performance of deep reinforcement learning(DRL). The experimental results reveal that the PDEVNTPL has a detrimental influence on the AEV parking in terms of safety, accuracy, and comfort, leading to reductions of more than 27%, 54%, and 26%respectively. However, the SAC-based SPTF effectively mitigates this impact, resulting in a considerable increase in the parking success rate from 71% to 93%. Furthermore, the heading angle deviation is significantly reduced from 2.25 degrees to 0.43degrees.

A low-noise X-band microwave source with digital automatic frequency control for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

We report a new design of microwave source for X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer.The microwave source is equipped with a digital automatic frequency control circuit.The parameters of the digital automatic frequency control circuit can be flexibly configured for different experimental conditions,such as the input powers or the quality factors of the resonator.The configurability makes the microwave source universally compatible and greatly extends its application.To demonstrate the ability of adapting to various experimental conditions,the microwave source is tested by varying the input powers and the quality factors of the resonator.A satisfactory phase noise as low as-135 d Bc/Hz at 100-k Hz offset from the center frequency is achieved,due to the use of a phase-locked dielectric resonator oscillator and a direct digital synthesizer.Continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the microwave source.The outstanding performance shows a prospect of wide applications of the microwave source in numerous fields of science.

Fuzzy Controller-Based Design and Simulation of an Automatic Parking System

With the development of automatic driving and fuzzy theory, people pay more and more attention to the application of fuzzy logic in engineering technology. The automatic parking module in the automatic driving system has always been the focus of research. Automatic parking modules can greatly assist drivers in parking operations, greatly reduce parking difficulties and make people more convenient and fast parking. In this paper, an automatic parking system based on the fuzzy controller is proposed. The fuzzy controller of automatic parking system is constructed by using fuzzy theory, and the robustness of the whole system is examined by fuzzy logic. Firstly, the vehicle motion rules and trajectory changes are analyzed in detail, and the real parking lot model is simulated. Then, the input and output variables of the whole system are analyzed by fuzzy theory and the membership function is constructed. Based on the experience of human experts, the parking rules are tested and summarized, and a reasonable and practical rule base is established. Finally, MATLAB is used to code, build the visual interface of parking lot and vehicles, and draw the cyclic iterative function to detect the vehicle position and direction angle, so as to act as a sensor. The results show that using a fuzzy controller to construct an automatic parking system can effectively improve the parking level.

Audio-Text Multimodal Speech Recognition via Dual-Tower Architecture for Mandarin Air Traffic Control Communications

In air traffic control communications (ATCC), misunderstandings between pilots and controllers could result in fatal aviation accidents. Fortunately, advanced automatic speech recognition technology has emerged as a promising means of preventing miscommunications and enhancing aviation safety. However, most existing speech recognition methods merely incorporate external language models on the decoder side, leading to insufficient semantic alignment between speech and text modalities during the encoding phase. Furthermore, it is challenging to model acoustic context dependencies over long distances due to the longer speech sequences than text, especially for the extended ATCC data. To address these issues, we propose a speech-text multimodal dual-tower architecture for speech recognition. It employs cross-modal interactions to achieve close semantic alignment during the encoding stage and strengthen its capabilities in modeling auditory long-distance context dependencies. In addition, a two-stage training strategy is elaborately devised to derive semantics-aware acoustic representations effectively. The first stage focuses on pre-training the speech-text multimodal encoding module to enhance inter-modal semantic alignment and aural long-distance context dependencies. The second stage fine-tunes the entire network to bridge the input modality variation gap between the training and inference phases and boost generalization performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed speech-text multimodal speech recognition method on the ATCC and AISHELL-1 datasets. It reduces the character error rate to 6.54% and 8.73%, respectively, and exhibits substantial performance gains of 28.76% and 23.82% compared with the best baseline model. The case studies indicate that the obtained semantics-aware acoustic representations aid in accurately recognizing terms with similar pronunciations but distinctive semantics. The research provides a novel modeling paradigm for semantics-aware speech recognition in air traffic control communications, which could contribute to the advancement of intelligent and efficient aviation safety management.

Cluster DetectionMethod of Endogenous Security Abnormal Attack Behavior in Air Traffic Control Network

In order to enhance the accuracy of Air Traffic Control(ATC)cybersecurity attack detection,in this paper,a new clustering detection method is designed for air traffic control network security attacks.The feature set for ATC cybersecurity attacks is constructed by setting the feature states,adding recursive features,and determining the feature criticality.The expected information gain and entropy of the feature data are computed to determine the information gain of the feature data and reduce the interference of similar feature data.An autoencoder is introduced into the AI(artificial intelligence)algorithm to encode and decode the characteristics of ATC network security attack behavior to reduce the dimensionality of the ATC network security attack behavior data.Based on the above processing,an unsupervised learning algorithm for clustering detection of ATC network security attacks is designed.First,determine the distance between the clustering clusters of ATC network security attack behavior characteristics,calculate the clustering threshold,and construct the initial clustering center.Then,the new average value of all feature objects in each cluster is recalculated as the new cluster center.Second,it traverses all objects in a cluster of ATC network security attack behavior feature data.Finally,the cluster detection of ATC network security attack behavior is completed by the computation of objective functions.The experiment took three groups of experimental attack behavior data sets as the test object,and took the detection rate,false detection rate and recall rate as the test indicators,and selected three similar methods for comparative test.The experimental results show that the detection rate of this method is about 98%,the false positive rate is below 1%,and the recall rate is above 97%.Research shows that this method can improve the detection performance of security attacks in air traffic control network.

Automatic SOC Equalization Strategy of Energy Storage Units with DC Microgrid Bus Voltage Support

In this paper,an improved sag control strategy based on automatic SOC equalization is proposed to solve the problems of slow SOC equalization and excessive bus voltage fluctuation amplitude and offset caused by load and PV power variations in a stand-alone DC microgrid.The strategy includes primary and secondary control.Among them,the primary control suppresses the DC microgrid voltage fluctuation through the I and II section control,and the secondary control aims to correct the P-U curve of the energy storage system and the PV system,thus reducing the steady-state bus voltage excursion.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy effectively achieves SOC balancing and enhances the immunity of bus voltage.The proposed strategy improves the voltage fluctuation suppression ability by approximately 39.4%and 43.1%under the PV power and load power fluctuation conditions,respectively.Furthermore,the steady-state deviation of the bus voltage,△U_(dc) is only 0.01–0.1 V,ensuring stable operation of the DC microgrid in fluctuating power environments.

GUIDANCE AND CONTROL FOR AUTOMATIC LANDING OF UAV

A scheme of guidance and control is presented to meet the requirements for automatic landing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on the airborne digital flight control system and radio tracker on ground station. An automatic landing system is realized for an unmanned aerial vehicle. The results of real time simulation and flight test are given to illustrate the effectiveness and availability of the scheme. Results meet all the requirements for automatic landing of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

Automatic Control of Automobile Transmission Performance Test Stand

To realize automatic control of automobile transmission performance test stand Methods The automatic control technique of the lubricant temperature,the program- controll- edautomaticshifting of the transmission,the continuous adjusting of revolution speed and load, data-acquisition and data real-time processing were adopted.Results The lubricant temperature was controlled at the set temperature ±2℃.The automatic shifting of the trans- mission is simple,reliable and accurate.The automatic adjusting of load and rotation speed is rapidandaccurate,the torque divergence is ±1N·m,the rotation speed divergence is ±5r/min Conclusion The four kinds of techniques are applied into the automobile transmission perfor- mance test stand successfully. mancetest stand successfully.

A note on diagnosis and performance degradation detection in automatic control systems towards functional safety and cyber security

This note addresses diagnosis and performance degradation detection issues from an integrated viewpoint of functionality maintenance and cyber security of automatic control systems.It calls for more research attention on three aspects:(i)application of control and detection uni ed framework to enhancing the diagnosis capability of feedback control systems,(ii)projection-based fault detection,and complementary and explainable applications of projection-and machine learning-based techniques,and(iii)system performance degradation detection that is of elemental importance for today's automatic control systems.Some ideas and conceptual schemes are presented and illustrated by means of examples,serving as convincing arguments for research e orts in these aspects.They would contribute to the future development of capable diagnosis systems for functionality safe and cyber secure automatic control systems.