Geochemistry and Geochronology of Peraluminous High-K Granitic Leucosomes of YaoundéSeries (Cameroon): Evidence for a Unique Pan-African Magmatism and Melting Event in North Equatorial Fold Belt

Geochemical and geochronological studies have been carry out on the leucosomes of Yaoundé series with the aims to identify the magma sources and to indicate their production periods and emplacement within the formations of the Pan-African North-Equatorial Fold Belt (PANEFB) in Cameroon. The Yaoundé series belongs to the Southern domain of the PANEFB and it is composed of migmatites in which two types of granitic leucosomes (in situ leucosomes and injected leucosomes) have been distinguished. These rocks display characteristic of calc-alkaline (in situ leucosomes) and high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series (injected leucosomes). All the rocks are peraluminous with in situ leucosomes conform to S-type and injected leucosomes conform to I- and S-type granitoids. Major and trace elements composition reveal that in situ leucosomes derived from the partial melting of the host metapelite whereas injected leucosomes derived from the melting of metagreywacke. These sources are similar to those of granitoids from central and northern domains of the PANEFB. Th-U-Pb dating by electron microprobe (EMP) and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating on zircon have been used to constraints the melting event and emplacement of leucosomes in Yaoundé series. Th-U-Pb monazite dating, undertaken in two samples of leucosomes, gives two groups of monazite ages. The older group gives an age of 658 Ma whereas the age of younger group is 592 Ma. U-Pb dating of zircons from the leucosomes reveals a Pan-African age ranging from 626 to 654 Ma whereas zircons from metapelitic host rock reveal the overprinting of an early Pan-African event 911 - 1127 Ma on Palaeoproterozoic (2127 Ma) inheritance. These data clearly indicate that the host rocks of leucosomes of Yaoundé series have been firstly metamorphosed during Tonien-Stenien period (911 - 1127 Ma) and reveal the existence of extended unique melting event (592 and 658 Ma) in the Yaoundé series which is contemporaneous with the magmatism responsible for the emplacement of granitoids in the other domains of the PANEFB.

LA-ICPMS U-Pb Ages of Zircon from Metaleucosomes, Olongbuluke Microcontinent, North Qaidam, and Implications on the Response to the Global Rodinia Supercontinent Assembly Event in NW China

U-Pb dating was conducted on different domains of zircons from metamorphosed leucosomes in Delingha （ 德令哈） complex, the lower basement rocks of the Olongbuluke （欧龙布鲁克 ） microcontinent, North Qaidam, in order to review its complex tectonothermal history. The zircon core is comprised of highly-modified magmatic zircon relicts, the zircon mantle was produced in response to anatexis of a Late Protoproterozoic thermal event; age and isotopic composition of both the zircon core and the zircon mantle have been seriously disturbed due to the thermal event related with growth of the zircon overgrowth rim. The 207 PIV 206 Pb apparent age of the overgrowth rim was estimated to be - 1 030 Ma. This Late Mesoproterozoic thermal event has been interpreted as a response to the global Rodinia supercontinent assembly event in the Olongbuluke microcontinent, Northwest China.

Partial melting of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks at convergent continental margins: Evidences, melt compositions and physical effects

Ultrahigh-pressure（UHP） metamorphic rocks are distinctive products of crustal deep subduction,and are mainly exposed in continental subduction-collision terranes. UHP slices of continental crust are usually involved in multistage exhumation and partial melting, which has obvious influence on the rheological features of the rocks, and thus significantly affect the dynamic behavior of subducted slices. Moreover,partial melting of UHP rocks have significant influence on element mobility and related isotope behavior within continental subduction zones, which is in turn crucial to chemical differentiation of the continental crust and to crust-mantle interaction.Partial melting can occur before, during or after the peak metamorphism of UHP rocks. Post-peak decompression melting has been better constrained by remelting experiments; however, because of multiple stages of decompression, retrogression and deformation, evidence of former melts in UHP rocks is often erased. Field evidence is among the most reliable criteria to infer partial melting. Glass and nanogranitoid inclusions are generally considered conclusive petrographic evidence. The residual assemblages after melt extraction are also significant to indicate partial melting in some cases. Besides field and petrographic evidence, bulk-rock and zircon trace-element geochemical features are also effective tools for recognizing partial melting of UHP rocks. Phase equilibrium modeling is an important petrological tool that is becoming more and more popular in P-T estimation of the evolution of metamorphic rocks; by taking into account the activity model of silicate melt, it can predict when partial melting occurred if the P-T path of a given rock is provided.UHP silicate melt is commonly leucogranitic and peraluminous in composition with high SiO_2,low MgO, FeO, MnO, TiO_2 and CaO, and variable K_2 O and Na_2 O contents. Mineralogy of nanogranites found in UHP rocks mainly consists of plagioclase ＋ K-feldspar ＋ quartz, plagioclase being commonly albite-rich.Trace element pattern of the melt is characterized by significant enrichment of large ion lithophile elements（LILE）, depletion of heavy rare earth elements（HREE） and high field strength elements（HFSE）,indicating garnet and rutile stability in the residual assemblage. In eclogites, significant Mg-isotope fractionation occurs between garnet and phengite; therefore, Mg isotopes may become an effective indicator for partial melting of eclogites.

On the Origin of Migmatites in Yunlu, Western Guangdong

Partially migmatized rocks, banded migmatites, augen-banded migmatites and gneissic migmatites are developed successively from Xindong to Yunlu, Gaozhou, Guangdong Province in the Yunkai Caledonian orogenic belt at the border between Guangdong and Guangxi. Mass-balance calculations, statistical analysis of the textural relations and mineralogical and geochemical studies of the migmatites and the study of the metamorphlc setting of the Yunlu area indicate that the migmatites in the study area were primarily formed by anatexis without remarkable introduction of foreign components such as K, Na and Si and removal of Ca, Fe, Mg, etc.

Timing of Anatexis within the Berere HTHP Complex Belt of Maevatanana Area,North-Central Madgascar,and its Geological Significance

The Berere HTHP Complex belt in Maevatanana area of north–central Madagascar formed in the^2.5 Ga orogeny and underwent high temperature(up to 1050℃)and high pressure(up to 11.5 kbar)granulite facies metamorphism.Then a widespread anatexis took place and numerous widely distributed felsic leucosomes formed.The majority of these leucosomes are parallel to the schistosity of the complex or are present as stockworks,as thin layers,or as lenses at different scales in the host rocks.Here,we report new petrographic data,zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages,and Lu–Hf isotopic data for felsic leucosomes within this complex.Anatexis,as identified by the petrological study of felsic leucosomes in the field and in thin sections,involved initial ternary feldspar exsolving to produce antiperthite and a quartz+plagioclase±K-feldspar+sericite mineral assemblage around feldspar grain boundaries.Dissolution is apparent along muscovite grain boundaries,and residual sericite is present around the margins of feldspar and quartz,all suggesting that anatexis was driven by reactions involving muscovite.Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the felsic leucosomes within the complex formed at 2467–2369 Ma.The majority of samples have positiveεHf(t)values,although a few have negative values,suggesting their formation from magmas predominantly sourced from the depleted mantle,possibly with the involvement of minor amounts of crustal materials.Two-stage Hf model ages andεHf(t)values for these samples are consistent with those for gneisses of the basement,indicating that the felsic leucosomes were formed by the anatexis of gneisses and both of their protolith formed during the formation of continental crust in Meso-Neoarchean(ca.3.1–2.7 Ga).As such,the crystallization age of the felsic leucosome(~2.4 Ga)represents the timing of regional anatexis and a change to post-orogenic tectonism.And this anatexis is also corresponds to the thermal event in Dharwar craton in India which has a pronounced similar Precambrian geology with Madagascar,providing an important constraints on the correlation of the two continental fragments.

Anatexis in Himalayan crust:Evidence from geochemical and chronological investigations of Higher Himalayan Crystallines

Migmatization in Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC) results from anatexis. The widely distributed migmatites in HHC are an important clue to investigate the relationship be- tween anatexis and the origins of Higher Himalayan leucogranites (HHL), and to understand the effect of anatexis on crustal evolution during the post-collision period. We studied in detail the chemical features of three basic constituent parts of the migmatites, i.e. leucosome, mesosome and melanosome, and determined the K-Ar ages of leucosomes. Our studies indicate that type-I leucosome is the product of crystallization of melt generated by partial melting of mesosome at source region, but type-II leucosome and HHL probably underwent crystallization differentiation of plagioclase during melt aggregation and migration. The age of 22.67 Ma of Type-I leucosome, which is a little older than the beginning of MCT movement, indicates that anatexis may have played an important role in the formation of MCT. That the ages of type-II leucosome (ranging from 14.82 to 18.37 Ma) are consistent with that of HHL provides new chronological evidence for the relationship between migmatization and HHL. We obtained a very young age of 6.23 Ma of Type-II leucosome that provides new time constraint on magma activity in the central segment of Higher Himalayas.