Low-Dose Gamma Radiation Fields Decrease Cell Viability, Damage DNA, and Increase the Expression of Hsp70 and p53 Proteins in Human Leukocytes

Ionizing radiations are tools in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Leukopenia from exposure to ionizing radiation has been reported. Due to their radiosensitivity, leukocytes are a biological model to analyze cell damage. Therefore, cell viability, DNA damage, and Hsp70 and p53 expression in human leukocytes exposed to low-dose gamma radiation fields from a 137Cs source were evaluated. A decrease in cell viability, DNA damage and an increase in the expression of Hsp70 and p53 proportional to the radiation dose received was found, which was 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mGy.

胃癌源性外泌体对HLA-DR^(neg)leukocytes中Dicer1、PTEN基因的调控

目的通过观察胃癌源性的外泌体对HLA-DR^(^(neg))leukocytes中Dicer1、PTEN基因表达的影响,探讨肿瘤源性外泌体调控机体免疫抑制功能的机制。方法提取胃癌患者血清外泌体并鉴定,免疫磁珠法分选HLA-DR^(neg)leukocytes,吖啶橙染色后的外泌体与CFSE染色后的HLA-DR^(neg)leukocytes在37℃,5%CO_2条件下共培养12 h;采用QRT-PCR和Western blot方法分别检测共培养后胃癌患者与健康对照组中Dicer1、PTEN基因和蛋白的表达。结果成功分离胃癌患者外周血外泌体;同时观察到外泌体被HLA-DR^(neg)leukocytes有效摄取。QRT-PCR检测结果显示Dicer1 m RNA、PTEN m RNA的相对表达量分别是健康对照组的0.46±0.19、0.48±0.27倍(P<0.05);Western blot结果显示Dicer1、PTEN蛋白表达量是健康对照组的0.15±0.11、0.33±0.19倍(P<0.05)。结论胃癌来源的外泌体可以抑制HLA-DR^(neg)leukocytes中Dicer1、PTEN基因的表达,为今后进一步研究肿瘤来源的外泌体的免疫调控作用提供线索。

Gene expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 in peripheral blood leukocytes during early pregnancy in cows

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate CCL8 and CXCL10 expression and its regulatory mechanism in peripheral blood leukocytes(PBLs) at the time of maternal recognition in cows. Blood samples were collected on 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 d after artificial insemination(AI). Based on the day of return of estrus, cows were divided into three groups, pregnant(n = 5), early embryonic mortality(EEM; n = 5) and late embryonic mortality(LEM; n = 5). The gene expression levels in PBLs were assessed with quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR.Results: The expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA in PBLs gradually increased from 14 to 18 d of pregnant cows and significant differences were observed on 18 d(P < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed both in EEM and LEM cows. Interferon-stimulated protein 15 k Da(ISG15), myxovirus-resistance gene(MX) 1 and MX2 mRNA expression in PBLs increased from 14 to 18 d which was significant on 18 d of pregnant cows as well as in LEM cows(P < 0.05), but no changes were observed in EEM cows. To determine whether the expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 in PBLs was regulated by pregnancy-related substances or not, expression level was assessed after exposure to interferon-τ(IFNT) and CCL16. Monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes were obtained using density-gradient centrifugation and flow cytometry. The addition of IFNT(100 ng/mL) and CCL16(100 ng/mL) to cultured PBLs increased the expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA(P < 0.05). The expression of ISG15, MX1 and MX2 mRNA in PBLs was also stimulated by IFNT and CCL16(P < 0.05).Conclusions: The expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 genes increased in PBLs during early pregnancy. Since IFNT stimulated CCL8 and CXCL10 expression in cultured PBLs, the increase of CCL8 and CXCL10 might be pregnancy-dependent events.The expression of both CCL8 and CXCL10 in PBLs was stimulated by CCL16 as wel as IFNT, suggesting a chemokine interaction that at least includes CCL8, CXCL10 and CCL16, and may play a role in regulating maternal recognition in cows.

Evaluation of autonomic nervous system by heart rate variability and differential count of leukocytes in athletes

Top Japanese sprinters were evaluated for their physical condition, autonomic function, blood chemistry, differential leukocyte count and blood lactate level before and after short, maximal exercise to explore methods of quantifying their conditioning level. Statistical analysis of data obtained before and 10 min after exercise were used to estimate the athletes’ autonomic capacity during recovery. Pre and post exercise variances in differential leukocyte count revealed strong correlations between neutrophil and sympathetic activity, and lymphocyte and parasympathetic activity. The results of the study demonstrated significant alterations in autonomic parameters and differential white blood cell count in response to maximal exercise.

Studies on the flow and distribution of leukocytes in mesentery microcirculation of rats

AIM To study the effect of leukocyteendothelium interaction (LEI) on the flow anddistribution of leukocytes in microcirculationunder physiological condition.METHODS A microcirculation image multipleparameter computer analysis system (MIMPCAS)was used to study the flow and distribution ofleukocytes in mesentery microcirculation of ratsIn vivo.RESULTS The difference of visible leukocyteflux (VLF) was as high as 131 times in thearterioles and venules with similar diameter andblood velocity. The visible leukocytes rolledalong the blood vessel wall as a" jerky"movement. The frequency distribution of thevisible leukocyte velocity (VLV) showed a "twopeak" Curve. The low peak value was at 10 pm/ s-- 15 pm/ s while the high peak fell between25 pm/ s-- 30 pm/ s. With the increase of diameterof venules, VLF increased while the VLVremained at the same level. With the increase ofRBC velocity, VLV trends to elevate and VLF tofal I down.CONCLUSION The results herein might providea basic theory for the study on the mechanism ofLEI under physiological condition and novelmethods for the prevention and treatment of highLEI in many pathological

Serum Resistin Level and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Dysfunctions in Children on Regular Hemodialysis

Resistin is a secretory adipocytoine, which is expressed mainly in humans by inflammatory cells especially macrophages. Resistin serum levels are elevated in end-stage renal diseases of people having an increased risk of infections as a result of impaired polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) functions. Objectives: To evaluate neutrophil functions (phagocytosis and oxidative burst) in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis and to shed light on the contribution of resistin on neutrophil functions. Patients and Methods: The study included 40 children with ESRD on regular hemodialysis. Their ages ranged from 6 to 12 years, and they were selected from children attending the pediatric hemodialysis unit of AL-Zahraa Hospital, Al-Azher University during the period from October 2012 to December 2013. Another group of 40 apparently healthy children with matched age and sex with the patient group served as a control. Serum resistin, phagocytic index and nitro blue tetrazolium test (NBT%) were assessed in both groups. Results: There was a statistically more significant increase in resistin serum levels in cases than in controls;it was (3.25 ± 0.86 ng/ml) and (0.25 ± 0.16 ng/ml) respectively

A TWO-PARAMETER MODEL FOR THREE TYPES OF NUCLEPORE FILTRATION OF LEUKOCYTES

Micropore filtration of leukocytes is one of the main methods for evaluating leukocytes deformability. Here a biofluid mechanical model was proposed for three cases: (i) firltration under gravity; (ii)constant pressure filtration; (iii) constant flow rate filtration. In previous models, constant blood cell resistance was assumed. In this paper, when evaluating the filter resistance to leukocytes, not only the effect of the change in the driving pressure but also the difference in the deformability of individual leukocytes are taken into consideration. Moreover, based on Moessmer’s experimental results, a probability distribution function .for the transit time of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) through the filter is assumed. Finally, numerical curves are obtained for the above three types of filtration and the comparison between the theoretical andexperimental results of PMNs for case (i) turns out to be satisfactorv The two parameters in the model. A and B represent leukocytes deformability under low and high pressures respectively.

Transfusion of Ipscs-Derived Leukocytes to Kill Cancer

Here we propose that the rejuvenation of leukocytes with iPSC technology in vitro and transfusion of cancer cellresistant white blood cells back to human body provide a prospective therapy for cancer patients.

Effects of glucocorticoids on leukocytes:Genomic and non-genomic mechanisms

Glucocorticoids(GCs)have been widely used as immunosuppressants and antiinflammatory agents to treat a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,and they fully exert their anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating effects in the body.The effect of GCs on white blood cells is an important part of their action.GCs can cause changes in peripheral blood white blood cell counts by regulating the proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis of white blood cells.Although the total number of white blood cells,neutrophil counts,lymphocytes,and eosinophils increases,the counts of basic granulocytes and macrophages decreases.In addition,GCs can regulate the activation and secretion of white blood cells,inhibit the secretion of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines,the expression of chemokines,and promote the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.For patients on GC therapy,the effects of GCs on leukocytes were similar to the changes in peripheral blood caused by bacterial infections.Thus,we suggest that clinicians should be more cautious in assessing the presence of infection in children with long-term use of GCs and avoid overuse of antibiotics in the presence of elevated leukocytes.GCs work through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms in the human body,which are mediated by GC receptors.In recent years,studies have not fully clarified the mechanism of GCs,and further research on these mechanisms will help to develop new therapeutic strategies.

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF GRANULOCYTE DERIVED INHIBITORS AND CYTOKINES ON APOPTOSIS IN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES

An extract (G-INH) made from mature human granulocytes freshly isolated from normai blood causes human neutrophils to undergo apoptosis in vitro as shown by morphologic changes and by the typical ladder pattern of small DNA fragments noted on agarose gel electrophoresis of isolated DNA. Apoptosis occurs in from 20% to 30% of neutrophils over 24 hours of culture in vitro and the addition of G-INH to the medium causes a dose-related increase in the incidence of apoptosis. Heating G-INH at 60t for 30 minutes does not destroy its capacity to induce apoptosis but GM-CSF, G-CSF, and to a lesser extent IL-1β, antagonize this action. IL-3 does not diminish G-INH induced apoptosis of neutrophils. Substances, released from, mature neutrophils may participate in regulating the survival of other neutrophils, particularly in sites where the cells are in close proximity as in the marrow. Self destruction of post-mitotic neutrophils in marrow may thus represent an-other level at which regulation of cell production

Efficiency of Superfine Glass Fiber Membrane Filters for Depleting Leukocytes

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Spatial-spectral identication of abnormal leukocytes based on microscopic hyperspectral imaging technology

Screening and diagnosing of abnormal Leukocytes are crucial for the diagnosis of immune diseases and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(ALL).As the deterioration of abnormal leukocytes is mainly due to the changes in the chromatin distribution,which signicantly affects the absorption and reflection of light,the spectral feature is proved to be important for leukocytes classication and identication.This paper proposes an accurate identication method for healthy and abnormal leukocytes based on microscopic hyperspectral imaging(HSI)technology which combines the spectral information.The segmentation of nucleus and cytoplasm is obtained by the morphological watershed algorithm.Then,the spectral features are extracted and combined with the spatial features.Based on this,the support vector machine(SVM)is applied for classication ofve types of leukocytes and abnormal leukocytes.Compared with different classication methods,the proposed method utilizes spectral features which highlight the differences between healthy leukocytes and abnormal leukocytes,improving the accuracy in the classication and identication of leukocytes.This paper only selects one subtype of ALL for test,and the proposed method can be applied for detection of other leukemia in the future.

Changes of glucocorticoid receptors in peripheral leukocytes in patients with bronchial asthma

The maximal binding capacity(R0) and dissociation constant(Kd) of glucocorticoid receptors(GR) in peripheral leucocytes and the cortisol(F) level in plasma were estimated in 17 patients with bronchial asthma.The R0 of GR was 12908+2501 sites cell which wa

A simple and efficient method for the preparation of live leukocytes from peripheral blood using the LeukoCatch^TMsystem

Leukocytes from peripheral blood (PB) are of great value for diagnosis as well as basic and clinical research. However, no easy, centrifugation-free method is available for the isolation of live leukocytes from blood. We here develop a simple and quick method for the purification of viable leukocytes from whole blood using novel tools, named tLeukoCatch (tip-type) or sLeukoCatch (syringe-type), which is equipped with three Pall filter layers and captures leukocytes but not red blood cells (RBCs) in whole blood. Indeed, we showed that several million leukocytes per mL (~35% of the recovery rate) were captured and eluted from whole blood. The number of contaminant RBCs decreased from several million to several thousand. When mouse blood was hemolysed, almost all of the lysed RBC fragments were removed by passage through sLeukoCatch. Optical microscopic observation confirmed that the recovered leukocytes were sufficiently healthy to respond to growth stimuli. Efficient leukocyte recovery was also confirmed for hemolysed human blood. These results suggest that the LeukoCatchTM system is useful for bedside diagnosis and basic research with blood samples.

Preprocessing of Separating Leukocytes Based on Setting Parameters of Lightness Transformation

This paper proposed a new algorithm to separate leukocytes from cytological image by setting parameters of lightness transformation based on the RGB color space, which can make the targets’ color in different areas. In our procedure, an operator is employed in using color features. According to their histogram distribution of hue component in HSL color space after enhancing the contrast of image in RGB color space, the threshold of segmentation between leukocyte and erythrocyte could be achieved well. Especially, this algorithm is more efficient than monochrome for leukocyte segmentation, and the results of experiments show that it provides a good tool for cytological image, which can increase accuracy of segmentation of leukocyte.

Effect of Antioxidants on Endothelial Cell Reactive Oxygen Species (ROD Generation and Adhesion of Leukocytes to Endothelial Cells

Objective To investigatewhether antioxidants inhibit adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium and furthermore, whether all antioxidants regulate NF-KB activation through a redox sensitive mechanism. Methods The effect of the antioxidative substances pyrrolidin dithiocarbamat (PDTC), dichloroisocumarin (DCI), chrysin and probucol on the endothelial leukocyte adhesion were examined under near physiological flow conditions. The antioxidative activity of antioxidants was measured in a DCF fluorescence assay with flow cytometry. The activation of NF-kB in endothelial cells was investigated in a gel shift assay. Results PDTC and probucol did not show an inhibitory effect to the formation of intracellular H2O2 in TNFa activated human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) . Chrysin showed a moderate effect. DCI showed a strong antioxidative effect. In contrast, PDTC and chrysin inhibited the adhesion of HL 60 cells to TNFa-stimulated HUVEC. DCI and probucol did not have influence on the adhesion within the area of

MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of schizophrenia and influence of antipsychotic treatment

Chara cterized by positive symptoms(such as changes in behavior or thoughts,including delusions and hallu cinations),negative symptoms(such as apathy,anhedonia,and social withdrawal),and cognitive impairments,schizophrenia is a chro nic,severe,and disabling mental disorder with late adolescence or early adulthood onset,Antipsychotics are the most commonly used drugs to treat schizophrenia,but those currently in use do not fully reverse all three types of symptoms characte rizing this condition.Schizophrenia is frequently misdiagnosed,resulting in a delay of or inappropriate treatment.Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia.The recent studies reviewed included microRNA profiling in blood-and urine-based materials and nervous tissue mate rials.From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia in adults could be miR-22-3p,-30e-5p,-92a-3p,-148b-5p,-181a-3p,-181a-5p,-181b-5p,-199 b-5p,-137 in whole blood,and miR-130b,-193a-3p in blood plasma.Antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia patients was found to modulate the expression of certain microRNAs including miR-130b,-193a-3p,-132,-195,-30e,-432 in blood plasma.Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having schizophrenia and consideration should be given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effect of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.

Adult rhabdomyosarcoma combined with acute myeloid leukemia: A case report

BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma is a tumor of mesenchymal origin.Secondary leukemia is a complication of previous transformation to other hematologic disorders or is a treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia secondary to cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy for other malignancies.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 36-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma and acute myeloid leukemia.Further disease progression was observed after multiline chemotherapy.Eventually,the patient suffered cerebral hemorrhage,which resulted in death.CONCLUSION The incidence of rhabdomyosarcoma in adults is extremely low,and secondary leukemia caused by rhabdomyosarcoma is even rarer.Secondary leukemia has a very poor prognosis and a low overall survival rate.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2:A promising biomarker for colorectal cancer

According to the latest global cancer statistics,colorectal cancer(CRC)has emerged as the third most prevalent malignant tumor across the globe.In recent decades,the medical field has implemented several levels of CRC screening tests,encompassing fecal tests,endoscopic examinations,radiological examinations and blood tests.Previous studies have shown that leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2(LILRB2)is involved in inhibiting immune cell function,immune evasion,and promoting tumor progression in acute myeloid leukemia and nonsmall cell lung cancer.However,its interaction with CRC has not been reported yet.Recently,a study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology revealed that LILRB2 and its ligand,angiopoietin-like protein 2,are markedly overexpressed in CRC.This overexpression is closely linked to tumor progression and is indicative of a poor prognosis.The study highlights the potential of utilizing the concentration of LILRB2 in serum as a promising biomarker for tumors.However,there is still room for discussion regarding the data processing and analysis in this research.