Effect of diminazene aceturate,levamisole and vitamin C combination therapy in rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Objective:To investigate the effect of diminazene aceturale(DA) alone or in combination with either levamisole and/or Vitamin C in albino rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei.Methods:Thirty adult male albino rats,randomly assigned into 6 groups(A—F) of 5rats each were used.They were either infected with 1×10~a trypanosomes intraperitoneally(groups A-E) or uninfected(group F).The different groups were treated respectively as follows:group A-with 3.5 mg/kg DA;group B-3.5 mg/kg DA and 7.5 mg/kg levamisole;group C-3.S mg/kg DA and 100 mg/kg vitamin C;and group D-3.S mg/kg DA and 7.S mg/kg levamisole and 100 mg/kg vitamin C.Croup E was left untreated.Parameters assessed include:rectal temperature,body weight changes,packed cell volume(PCV),Haemoglobin concentration(Hb),total leucocyte count(TLC) differential leucocyte count(DLC),parasitaemia,clinical signs and survivability.Results:Average pre-patent period of 5 days was recorded.Parasites in the blood were cleared in all treated groups(A-D) within 48 hours post treatment(PT).Untreated rats in group E died between25 and 32 days post infection(PI).Relapse was not recorded in all the treated groups(A-D).The initial reduction in PCV,Hb,TLC and increases in rectal temperature following infection were reversed by the treatments.The rats that received drug combinations(groups B,C and D)showed faster and higher recovery rates than the uninfected control and group A.Conclusions:Levamisole and/or Vitamin C combination with DA were more effective in the treatment of rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

Effect of liniment levamisole on cellular immune functions of patients with chronic hepatitis B

AIM: To explore the effects of liniment levamisole on cellular immune functions of patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: The levels of T lymphocyte subsets and mlL-2R in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured by biotin-streptavidin (BSA) technique in patients with chronic hepatitis B before and after the treatment with liniment levamisole. RESULTS: After one course of treatment with liniment levamisole, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ increased as compared to those before the treatment but the level of CD8+ decreased. The total expression level of mIL-2R in PBMCs increased before and after the treatment with liniment levamisole. CONCLUSION: Liniment levamisole may reinforce cellular immune functions of patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Immunostimulatory Effect of Levamisole on the Immune Response of Goats to <i>Peste des petits ruminants </i>(PPR) Vaccination

The use of Levamisole hydrochloride as an immunostimulant has been successful in the control of certain diseases such as Derzsy’s disease in chicken as well as in increasing lymphocytes and weight gain in pigs. However, its use as immunostimulant in the prevention of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goats has not been investigated. In this study, the use of Levamisole in enhancing immune response to PPR vaccination including its effects on weight gain was investigated among groups of goats (groups A, B, C and D). Virus neutralization test was used to determine the antibody profile in vaccinated goats while the total and differential leucocyte counts and body mass index (BMI) were determined using standard procedures. Goats in group A (Levamisole primed and PPR vaccinated) seroconverted to more than 3-folds of the initial pre-vaccination geometric mean titre (GMT) of neutralizing antibody beginning from second week post-vaccination and remained high throughout the period of the experiment. Similarly, there was significant increase (p 0.05) in BMI of animals in other groups throughout the period of the experiment. The results of this study further confirm the immunostimulatory effect of Levamisole when used in combination with a vaccine.

Evaluation of the Fasciolicidal/Nematicidal Efficacy of an Intramuscular Combination of Clorsulon/Levamisole in Naturally Infected Dairy Cattle

The aim of the present study was to assess the fasciolicidal and nematicidal efficacy of a new combination of clorsulon/levamisole, which was formulated for intramuscular administration, in dairy cattle. For the study, sixteen Holstein-Freisian dairy cows were selected for inclusion in the trial based on finding Fasciola hepatica eggs or gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in the feces. Ten of these cows were naturally infected with F. hepatica, and 6 were naturally infected with GIN. On Day 0 (zero), all animals were treated with a combination of clorsulon (2.5 mg/kg/IM and levamisole (2.5 mg/kg/IM) administered at the dose recommended by the manufacturer (1 ml/20kg/bw). Subsequently, their feces were analyzed on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 post treatments by the Flukefinder sedimentation method and McMaster technique to determine the percentages of egg reduction in the animals, with reference to the egg load count on day 0. The results obtained in the current work indicated an efficacy of 100% that was determined by the percentage reduction of eggs of F. hepatica and/or GIN. This new fasciolicide/nematicide formulation exerted a remarkable effect and can be considered a new alternative to control F. hepatica and gastrointestinal worms in dairy cattle.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF GREEN TEA, COFFEE AND LEVAMISOLE ON THE HEPATOCARCINOGENIC ACTION OF DIETHYLNITROSAMINE

The present study aimed at clarifying whether Chinese green tea, coffee and levamisole (LMS) have similar Inhibitory effect on hepatocarclnogenesis induced by diethylnltrosamine (DEN) as they had been proved in our previous aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) experiments. Male Wistar rates were divided into control (A), green tea (B), coffee (C) and levamisole (D) groups. All rats received the same basic DEN treatment according to the program originally designed by Solt and Farber. During the two weeks before and one week after i. p. injection of DEN, the group B, C and D were given 2. 5% green tea, 5% coffee and 0. 1% LMS diet, respectively. The results demonstrated that coffee, LMS and , in particular,green tea showed Inhibitory effect against DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, indicating that green tea can be used as chemopreventive agent for DEN-, as well as for AFB1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

Levamisole-Adultered Cocaine: Vasoconstrictive and Vasculitis Effects Occurring Simultaneously

This case presents a rarely seen combination of two Cocaine-induced syndromes occurring simultaneously. Levamisole-adultered cocaine leads to Levamisole-induced Vasculitis (LIV), while cocaine’s vasoconstrictive effect causes destruction of the osteo-cartilaginous structures of nose called Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL). This case raises awareness of a new pattern of recognition in order to avoid misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 51-year-old male cocaine user who developed severe left-sided ear pain and yellowish secretions with circular necrotic lesions in the nose, right earlobe, and dorsum of feet bilaterally. An extensive workup to assess purpuric lesions’ etiology, including vasculitis, collagen vasculitides, anti-phospholipid syndrome, hypercoagulable state and infectious process, was performed and found negative. He developed bilateral tympanic membrane perforation and purpuric necrotic skin lesions, at the same time, due to CIMDL and LIV, respectively. These two syndromes rarely present simultaneously in a patient. This case report exhibits a new Cocaine-induced clinical presentation that will help hospitalists recognize the disease and avoid misdiagnosis leading to unnecessary tests, prolonged hospitalization, and higher healthcare costs. Diagnosis is challenging, as it consists of establishing a temporal relationship between cocaine ingestion and symptoms’ onset. This disease usually has a benign progression because symptoms frequently resolve without intervention.

羟氯扎胺盐酸左旋咪唑复方混悬液对靶动物牛的安全性试验

为评价羟氯扎胺盐酸左旋咪唑复方混悬液的安全性,确定该药对靶动物牛的毒性风险,选用32头健康西门塔尔肉牛(10~12月龄),随机分为4组,每组8头,分别以推荐剂量的0、1、3、5倍剂量连续口服给药3 d,给药后观察14 d。在试验开始前(第0天)、给药结束后(第4天)及试验结束后(第18天)抽取试验牛血液进行血液学检查及血清生化检查。试验第4天,于0剂量组和5倍剂量组内随机选择4头牛进行安乐死(雌雄各半),试验结束后安乐死0剂量组及5倍剂量组剩余牛,进行组织病理学观察。综合体重、临床毒性观察、血液学检查、血清生化检查和组织病理学观察结果,评估药物的安全性。试验结果显示,1、3、5倍剂量组给药后12 h内多数牛均出现腹泻反应,5倍剂量组个别牛有短暂的表现呆滞、食欲减退,停药后副作用逐渐减弱或消失,试验第5天时临床各项观测结果均正常;其他剂量组未出现采食、饮水及精神状态异常,未观测到明显临床病理表现。试验结束后,0剂量组及1倍剂量组试验牛体重均有增加,但3倍剂量组及5倍剂量组试验牛体重下降;血液学检查及血清生化分析结果显示,与0剂量组相比,3倍剂量组及5倍剂量组试验牛部分指标存在显著差异(P<0.05);对试验牛剖检,组织病理学观察未发现肉眼可见明显病变。综上所述,连续3 d每天口服5倍推荐剂量的羟氯扎胺盐酸左旋咪唑复方混悬液靶动物牛仍可耐受,故临床按推荐剂量为0.25 mL/kg口服羟氯扎胺盐酸左旋咪唑复方混悬液具有安全性。

4种烟碱受体激动剂对松材线虫的毒杀活性

【目的】探究4种烟碱受体激动剂对松材线虫的杀虫作用。【方法】采用浸渍法以及马尾松松枝水培试验分别进行杀线虫活性测定,并测定4种烟碱受体激动剂水溶液对松材线虫体内三磷酸腺苷酶(ATP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响。【结果】盐酸左旋咪唑、盐酸四咪唑、烟碱、酒石酸噻吩嘧啶4种烟碱受体激动剂对松材线虫有良好的毒杀活性,4种药物水溶液浸渍处理松材线虫48 h,半致死浓度LC_(50)值分别为0.09、0.31、0.08、0.14 mg·mL^(-1);马尾松水培试验处理12 d后结果显示,盐酸左旋咪唑、盐酸四咪唑、烟碱、CK处理组松枝均不发病,病情指数为0,酒石酸噻吩嘧啶处理组部分枝叶变黄,病情指数为31%,“CK+线虫”松枝枝叶完全变黄萎蔫,病情指数为100%;4种烟碱受体激动剂水溶液浸渍处理48 h后松材线虫体内ATP、CAT、AChE、SOD酶活性均低于对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】盐酸左旋咪唑、盐酸四咪唑、烟碱、酒石酸噻吩嘧啶对松材线虫有良好的防治潜力,具有进一步深入研究和开发利用的前景。

HPLC法检测保健品口服液中的盐酸左旋咪唑

目的:建立高效液相色谱法检测保健品口服液中盐酸左旋咪唑的方法。方法:采用C18-WR色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(用三乙胺调节pH=7)(25∶75,体积比),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μL。结果:盐酸左旋咪唑在8.634~86.340μg/mL时与峰面积线性关系良好(R=0.9997);低、中、高加标量对应的平均回收率分别为99.7%、99.2%和100.3%,RSD分别为1.40%、0.64%和0.78%,检测限为0.4317μg/mL。随机对市售16批样品进行检测,均未检出盐酸左旋咪唑。结论:该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于保健品口服液中非法添加盐酸左旋咪唑的检测。

基于TLR4信号通路探讨扶正膏增强细胞免疫功能机制

目的基于Toll样受体4(TLR4)信号通路探讨扶正膏增强细胞免疫功能的机制。方法(1)将20只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为正常组、免疫功能低下组、扶正膏组、左旋咪唑组,每组5只。除正常组外,其余组小鼠均连续3 d腹腔注射环磷酰胺建立免疫功能低下模型。造模成功后,扶正膏组给予扶正膏2250 mg/kg灌胃,左旋咪唑组给予左旋咪唑20 mg/kg灌胃,空白组和免疫功能低下组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,均连续灌胃28 d。流式细胞术检测脾脏组织中CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)T细胞比例,Western blot法检测脾脏组织中TLR4、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶4(IRAK4)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TRAF6)蛋白表达情况。(2)取大鼠20只,给予扶正膏69.6 g/(kg·d)连续灌胃14 d制备扶正膏含药血清。体外分离、培养正常小鼠脾淋巴细胞,分为4组:正常组体外正常培养;扶正膏含药血清组加入10%扶正膏含药血清培养48 h;MyD88抑制剂组加入5μmol/L MyD88抑制剂ST2825培养8 h;MyD88抑制剂+含药血清组加入5μmol/L ST2825培养8 h后,离心去上清,然后加入10%扶正膏含药血清培养48 h。ELISA法检测细胞上清液中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)表达水平,Wsetern blot法检测脾淋巴细胞中TLR4、MyD88、IRAK4、TRAF6蛋白表达情况。结果免疫功能低下组脾脏组织中CD4^(+)T细胞比例和TLR4、MyD88、IRAK4、TRAF6蛋白相对表达量均明显低于正常组(P均<0.05),扶正膏组和左旋咪唑组CD4^(+)T细胞比例和TLR4、MyD88、IRAK4、TRAF6蛋白相对表达量均明显高于免疫功能低下组(P均<0.05)。扶正膏含药血清组脾淋巴细胞中IL-2、IFN-γ表达水平和TLR4、MyD88、IRAK4、TRAF6蛋白相对表达量均明显高于正常组、MyD88抑制剂组和MyD88抑制剂+含药血清组(P均<0.05),MyD88抑制剂组和MyD88抑制剂+含药血清组IL-2、IFN-γ表达水平和TLR4、MyD88、IRAK4、TRAF6蛋白相对表达量均明显低于正常组(P均<0.05),MyD88抑制剂组和MyD88抑制剂+含药血清组上述各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论扶正膏可能通过激活TLR4信号通路增强细胞免疫功能。

左旋咪唑和莫西菌素联合用药在小尾寒羊体内药代动力学研究

为了获得莫西菌素和左旋咪唑单独及联合用药在小尾寒羊体内的药物代谢动力学数据,并比较单独用药及联合用药时药动学参数差异,选择36只健康小尾寒羊,随机分为左旋咪唑皮下8 mg/kg组(LEVSC8)、莫西菌素皮下0.2 mg/kg组(MXDSC0.2)、联合用药组(LEVSC8+MXDSC0.2)皮下注射给药,每组12只小尾寒羊。给药后的不同时间段于颈静脉采集血液,离心获得血浆样本,通过高效液相色谱方法测定血浆中药物浓度,并通过Wlinnonlin软件获得药动学参数,通过统计学分析软件进行显著性差异比较。结果显示,左旋咪唑单独应用时,在小尾寒羊体内的达峰浓度为(1.79±0.69)μg/mL,达峰时间为(1.29±0.68)h,药时曲线下面积为(8.69±2.69)μg·h/mL,消除半衰期为(3.37±1.57)h;左旋咪唑和莫西菌素联合应用时,左旋咪唑在小尾寒羊体内的达峰浓度为(1.64±0.72)μg/mL,达峰时间为(1.35±0.73)h,药时曲线下面积为(8.03±2.69)μg·h/mL,消除半衰期为(3.69±1.71)h。左旋咪唑和莫西菌素联合用药时的药动学参数与左旋咪唑单独用药时相比,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。莫西菌素单独用药时,在小尾寒羊体内的达峰浓度为(40.57±10.06)ng/mL,达峰时间为(1.08±0.53)d,药时曲线下面积为(168.76±29.39)ng·d/mL,消除半衰期为(5.76±1.36)d;与左旋咪唑联合应用时,莫西菌素在小尾寒羊体内的达峰浓度为(39.89±13.49)ng/mL,达峰时间为(1.36±0.46)d,药时曲线下面积为(152.69±35.96)ng·d/mL,消除半衰期为(6.36±1.79)d。莫西菌素和左旋咪唑联合用药时的药动学参数与莫西菌素单独用药时,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。表明左旋咪唑和莫西菌素联合应用时,莫西菌素与左旋咪唑在小尾寒羊体内无动力学相互作用。研究结果可为左旋咪唑和莫西菌素在小尾寒羊上的联合应用提供依据。

不同方案阻断乙肝病毒母婴垂直传播的临床研究

探讨阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴垂直传播的方法．将 １２２例 ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋）孕妇分成四组，ＨＢＶａｃ治疗组 ２９例，ＨＢＩＧ组２９冽，左旋咪唑涂布剂与以上两者联合应用３０例．未治疗组３４例、均在孕２６周开始干预观察，孕妇和新生儿血清ＨＢＶ标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）检测采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法。１２２例孕妇按分娩方式不同分别观察对乙肝病毒母婴垂直传播影响；随访产妇及新生儿ＨＢＶＭ变化。脐血中ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率：ＨＢＶａｃ冶疗组为１７．２４％，ＨＢＩＧ治疗组为１０．３５％，联合治疗组为３．３３％，未治疗组为２３．５３％．在不同的分娩方式中，急症剖宫产新生儿脐血ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率为１３．０４％．行择期剖宫产者为０，经阴道分娩者为１６．６７％。携带ＨＢＶ孕妇于孕晚期给予ＨＢＶａｃ、ＨＢＩＧ和左旋咪唑涂布剂联合以上两者治疗后，可有效阻断母婴之间传播。以联合治疗组效果最佳。不同分娩方式也影响传播，剖宫产术有助于阻断ＨＢＶ母婴传播。

高效液相色谱法测定牛乳中的左旋咪唑

研究了高效液相色谱法测定牛乳中左旋咪唑残留量的方法。牛乳样品通过调节pH值和加甲醇沉淀蛋白质，提取液用Sep-PakC18净化柱净化，SpherisorbC18色谱柱分离，紫外检测器检测，外标法定量。分析了左旋咪唑在Sep-PakC18净化柱上的净化条件和SpherisorbC18色谱柱上的分离条件。本方法检测低限为10μg／kg。对添加10，50，200μg／kg左旋咪唑的牛乳样品，回收率为80．1％～84．2％，变异系数（CV）为7．2％～9．6％。

左旋咪唑迟发性脑病免疫功能的研究

用间接免疫荧光法测定48例左旋咪唑迟发性脑病(LIDE)患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群,同时用 ICS-Ⅱ分析仪以速率散射比浊法检测患者血清和脑脊液(CSF)配对标本的部分体液免疫指标。结果表明:LIDE 组 CD_3、CD_4、CD_(25)、CD_4/CD_8比值均显著高于对照组,CD_8低于对照组(P<0.001)。血清和CSF IgG、IgA、IgM 及 IgG 鞘内合成率(IgG-Syn)亦均明显高于对照组(P<0.001)。CD_(25)、IgG-Syn 与病情严重程度相关密切(r=0.75,0.79;P<0.001),而 CD_4/CD_8比值则与发病—缓解时间有关(r=0.82;P<0.001)。肾上腺皮质类固醇治疗后,随病情改善患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群及 CSF 中部分体液免疫参数亦同步改善,并趋正常。

凝结芽胞杆菌对小鼠免疫功能和粪便胺含量及肠道中氨含量的影响

目的研究凝结芽胞杆菌对小鼠的免疫功能、粪便胺含量及肠道中氨含量的影响。方法采用碳粒廓清法、免疫器官指数和血清溶血素测定法,分别考察药物对正常小鼠、免疫低下小鼠的非特异性免疫功能、特异性体液免疫功能的影响。同时观测药物对小鼠的盲肠内容物的氨含量和粪便中胺含量的影响。结果凝结芽胞杆菌对正常小鼠碳粒廓清指数和脏器指数没有明显影响,左旋咪唑则能显著提高其吞噬指数但对脏器指数没有影响。凝结芽胞杆菌和左旋咪唑均能显著提高免疫功能低下小鼠血碳粒廓清指数和胸腺指数,增加血清溶血素的生成。服用凝结芽胞杆菌后的小鼠排出的粪便胺含量和肠道中氨含量,均比正常对照组显著降低。结论凝结芽胞杆菌能显著提高免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫功能,减少正常小鼠肠道中胺和氨的含量,增强机体抵抗力和保护机体。

左旋咪唑对异育银鲫免疫促进作用的初步研究

对异育银鲫注射左旋咪唑（ＬＭＳ）、福尔马林灭活的嗜水气单胞菌（ＦＫＣ）和添加ＬＭＳ的ＦＫＣ（ＬＭＳ＋ＦＫＣ）后，通过测定鱼体血液中白细胞的吞噬活性和血清中凝集抗体效价，观察了ＬＭＳ对异育银鲫免疫应答的增强作用。结果表明：无论单独注射ＬＭＳ还是与ＦＫＣ结合注射，ＬＭＳ均能明显地促进供试鱼血液中白细胞的吞噬活性；而且ＦＫＣ＋ＬＭＳ免疫组的血清凝集抗体效价高于ＦＫＣ免疫组。

地塞米松和左旋咪唑对雏鸡体液免疫应答的影响

分别向免疫期间的各组鸡群给予不同剂量的地塞米松、左旋咪唑后 ,在不同日龄采取血样 ,用血凝抑制 (HI)试验和间接红细胞凝集 (IHA)试验分别对雏鸡新城疫病毒 (NDV)和传染性法氏囊病病毒 (IBDV)抗体滴度进行监测。结果表明 ,小剂量 (0 .1m g/ kg)地塞米松对抗体滴度影响不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而中 (0 .5 mg/ kg)、高 (1.5 mg/ kg)剂量对抗体的产生有显著的抑制作用 (P <0 .0 1) ;小 (5 mg/ kg)、中 (10 mg/ kg)剂量左旋咪唑对抗体的产生有显著的增强作用 (P <0 .0 1) ,而大剂量 (2 5 mg/ kg)对抗体滴度无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;对于因地塞米松造成的免疫抑制 ,小、中剂量左旋咪唑可使抗体滴度恢复至对照组水平 ,甚至对照组水平以上 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而大剂量左旋咪唑不能逆转由于地塞米松造成的免疫抑制 (P <0 .0 5 )。

两次液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定动物肝脏中左旋咪唑残留

建立了液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定动物组织中残留左旋咪唑的方法。在碱性溶液中将左旋咪唑盐酸盐转化为左旋咪唑,以乙酸乙酯进行提取;分别以HCl水溶液、氢氧化钾-二氯甲烷体系进行两次液液萃取净化,依次消除提取液中的脂溶性杂质和水溶性杂质,最后进入气相色谱-质谱系统,在选择离子监测模式下,以m/z148、176、204为定性离子,m/z 204为定量离子进行结构确证和定量检测。结果表明:左旋咪唑含量在0.25～3.0mg/L范围内方法的线性关系良好(相关系数为0.999);定量限为5μg/kg,低于当前国际最低限量标准;在鸡肝、鸭肝、兔肝和猪肝样品中的加标回收率在76%～106%范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于9%。该法简便、稳定性好,无需对样品进行复杂的预处理即可实现对动物肝脏中左旋咪唑残留的快速准确测定。

不同免疫增效剂对鸡新城疫免疫效果的影响

为研究鸡转移因子、黄芪、左旋咪唑、灵芝4种免疫增效剂的功效,以鸡新城疫（Newcastle disease,ND）血凝抑制抗体效价作为指标,比较其免疫效果。试验鸡先采血测定ND抗体效价,接种注射ND-IB-EDS灭活油乳剂疫苗,再将试验鸡随机分成5组,1-4组为试验组,给予不同的免疫增效剂,5组为空白对照组。在给药后第4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22和24天分别采血,采用微量血凝抑制试验检测ND抗体效价,统计后比较其抗体效价的变化。结果表明：灵芝组抗体效价在12 d开始显著高于对照组和其他试验组（P〈0.05）,且保持较高的水平;转移因子组和黄芪组抗体效价从14 d开始均显著高于对照组和左旋咪唑组（P〈0.05）,并分别从第22和20天开始持续在较高水平;左旋咪唑组的抗体效价高于对照组,但未出现显著性差异。由此可见,不同的免疫增效剂对鸡ND疫苗的免疫增强作用各异。综合考虑,临床应用时首选鸡转移因子,其次黄芪,灵芝和左旋咪唑需酌情使用。

左旋咪唑或联合中药治疗复发性阿弗他口腔溃疡的系统评价与Meta分析

目的:系统评价左旋咪唑单独用药及联合中药治疗复发性阿弗他口腔溃疡的有效性和安全性。方法:计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、CNKI、万方数据库在线知识服务平台,纳入有关左旋咪唑及联合中药治疗复发性阿弗他口腔溃疡的随机对照试验,根据Cochrane Reviewer’s Handbook 5.0.2评价标准和工具对纳入的研究进行质量评价,并使用RevMan5.2软件进行统计分析。结果:左旋咪唑单独用药共纳入9个随机对照试验,共331例患者,治疗组有效性高于安慰剂组,其差异具有统计学意义(OR=4.92,95%CI[2.14,11.32],P=0.0002),共有46例患者出现不良反应。左旋咪唑联合中药共纳入16个随机对照试验,共1854例患者,治疗组RAU的有效性明显高于对照组,其差异具有统计学意义(OR=5.97,95%CI[4.40,8.10],P<0.00001),无不良反应报道。结论:左旋咪唑联合中药用于复发性阿弗他口腔溃疡较单独采用左旋咪唑效果更好,并且避免了左旋咪唑单独用药副作用大的缺点,具有较好的临床研究和运用前景。但本系统评价纳入研究文献质量较差,增加了本次系统评价结论产生偏倚的风险,期待有高质量的临床试验报道。