LEVEL SET输运方程的求解方法及其对气-液两相流运动界面数值模拟的影响

用数值模拟方法来研究气-液两相流动与传热现象是当今多相流领域的一个热门课题。由于两相流固有的复杂性,气-液两相流界面迁移现象的数值模拟一直是两相流研究中的一大难点。本文介绍了捕捉气-液两相流相界面运动的水平集方法(LevelSet)及其研究进展,介绍了求解LevelSet输运方程的3种方法,即一般差分格式、Superbee-TVD格式和Runge-Kutta法-5阶WENO组合格式。结合主流场的求解,分别用这3种方法对4种典型相界面在5种流场中的迁移特性进行了模拟计算,并对计算结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明,Runge-Kutta法-5阶WENO组合格式求解LevelSet输运方程的效果最好,在以后的计算中将主要采用这种组合格式来进行气-液相界面输运方程的求解。

3D Multiphase Piecewise Constant Level Set Method Based on Graph Cut Minimization

Segmentation of three-dimensional(3D) complicated structures is of great importance for many real applications.In this work we combine graph cut minimization method with a variant of the level set idea for 3D segmentation based on the Mumford-Shah model.Compared with the traditional approach for solving the Euler-Lagrange equation we do not need to solve any partial differential equations.Instead,the minimum cut on a special designed graph need to be computed.The method is tested on data with complicated structures.It is rather stable with respect to initial value and the algorithm is nearly parameter free.Experiments show that it can solve large problems much faster than traditional approaches.

An effective multi-level algorithm based on ant colony optimization for graph bipartitioning

Partitioning is a fundamental problem with applications to many areas including data mining, parellel processing and Very-large-scale integration （VLSI） design. An effective multi-level algorithm for bisecting graph is proposed. During its coarsening phase, an improved matching approach based on the global information of the graph core is developed with its guidance function. During the refinement phase, the vertex gain is exploited as ant＇s heuristic information and a positive feedback method based on pheromone trails is used to find the global approximate bipartitioning. It is implemented with American National Standards Institute （ANSI） C and compared to MeTiS. The experimental evaluation shows that it performs well and produces encouraging solutions on 18 different graphs benchmarks.

Layer regrouping for water-flooded commingled reservoirs at a high water-cut stage

Layer regrouping is to divide all the layers into several sets of production series according to the physical properties and recovery percent of layers at high water-cut stage, which is an important technique to improve oil recovery for high water-cut multilayered reservoirs. Dif- ferent regroup scenarios may lead to different production performances. Based on unstable oil-water flow theory, a multilayer commingled reservoir simulator is established by modifying the production split method. Taking into account the differences of layer properties, including per- meability, oil viscosity, and remaining oil saturation, the pseudo flow resistance contrast is proposed to serve as a characteristic index of layer regrouping for high water-cut multilayered reservoirs. The production indices of multi- layered reservoirs with different pseudo flow resistances are predicted with the established model in which the data are taken from the Shengtuo Oilfield. Simulation results show that the pseudo flow resistance contrast should be less than 4 when the layer regrouping is implemented. The K-means clustering method, which is based on the objec- tive function, is used to automatically carry out the layer regrouping process according to pseudo flow resistances. The research result is applied to the IV-VI sand groups of the second member of the Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo Oilfield, a favorable development performance is obtained, and the oil recovery is enhanced by 6.08 %.

Oxygen Isotope Records of Core 8KL of the South China Sea and Sea - level Change

Based on a comparison between the oxygen isotope records of benthic and plank tonic foraminifers from core 8KL of the South China Sea and sea-level change records derived from the Huon Peninsula, New Guinea, it is found that both records are very similar from 72 K a B.P. to the present, especially for the benthic oxygen isotope record. The linear regression shows that δ18O changes (0.9995‰ for benthic foraminifers and 1.022‰ for planktonic foraminifers) are equal to 100 m in sea-level fluctuation. After making temperature correction in the δ18O record of benthic foraminifers from 72 to 120 Ka B.P., the curve of sea-level oscillation of the South China Sea since 186 Ka B.P. has been reconstructed. The lowermost sea - level that occurred in the last glacial maximum and oxygen isotope stage 6 is approximately - 130 m.

Design and development of large-scale in-situ PRACLAY heater test and horizontal high-level radioactive waste disposal gallery seal test in Belgian HADES

In Belgium,the Boom clay was selected as a potential host formation for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste（HLW）.To demonstrate the suitability of Boom clay for bearing thermal load induced by the HLW,a large-scale in-situ heater test,called PRACLAY heater test,will be conducted in the underground research laboratory（URL） in Mol.Owing to the limitations of the test（a short period of time compared with that considered in a real repository,different boundary conditions,etc.）,the test is designed to simulate,in a conservative way,the most critical state and phenomena that could occur in the host rock.The PRACLAY gallery was excavated at the end of 2007;the heating phase will begin in 2010 and will last for at least 10 years.The PRACLAY gallery itself leaves an opportunity to study the possibilities of sealing a disposal drift in Boom clay and testing the feasibility of hydraulic cut-off of any preferential pathway to the main access gallery through the excavation damage zone（EDZ） and the lining with a seal in a horizontal drift（horizontal seal）.Indeed,this is a generic problem for all deep geological disposal facilities for HLW.An annular seal made of compacted swelling bentonite will be installed in the front of the heated part of the PRACLAY gallery for these purposes.This paper provides detailed considerations on the thermo-hydro-mechanical（THM） boundary conditions for the design of the PRACLAY heater test and the seal test with the support of numerical calculations.It is believed that these important items considered in the PRACLAY heater test design also constitute key issues for the repository design.The outcome of the PRACLAY heater test will be an important milestone for the Belgian repository design.

High levels of Zinc-α-2-Glycoprotein among Omani AIDS patients on combined antiretroviral therapy

Objective:To investigate the levels of zinc-α-2-glycoprotein(ZAG) among Omani AIDS patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy(cART).Methods:A total of 80 Omani AIDS patients(45 males and 33 females),average age of 36 vears.who were receiving cART at the Saltan Qaboos University Hospital(SQUH).Muscat,Oman,were tested for the levels of ZAG.In addition,SO healthy blood donors(46 males and 34 females),average age of 26 years,attending the SOUH Blood Bank,were tested in parallel as a control group.Measurement of the ZAG levels was performed using a competitive enzyme—linked immunosorbent assay and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.Results:The ZAG levels were found to he significantly higher among AIDS patients compared to the healthy individuals(P=0.033).A total of 56(70%) of the AIDS patients were found to have higher levels of ZAG and 16(20%) AIDS patients were found to have high ZAG levels,which are significantly(P>0.031) associated with weight loss.Conclusions:ZAG levels are high among Omani AIDS patients on cART and this necessitales the measurement of ZAG on routine basis,as it is associated with weight loss.

Preliminary Study on Water Demand Law of 1-0 Rooted Cuttings of Populus szechuanica

In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the afforestation and artificial water supply of P.szechuanica in arid areas,the characteristics of water consumption of P.szechuanica were explored,and the law of water demand of P.szechuanica was grasped.In this paper,potted seedlings of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica were taken as research objects,and change situation of water consumption under different water control gradients was measured regularly by using weighing method,further analyzing dynamic change of water consumption of P.szechuanica and revealing water demand law of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica.The results showed that total change of water consumption of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica had"slow-fast-slow-fast"double-peak trend in the growth period of the current year,and corresponded with univariate linear relation(R^(2)=0.7137),with significant difference.In whole growth period,water consumption in August was the highest,which was 2.7 times of that in June and July and 1.5 times of that after September.In different water control treatments,the dynamic changes of daily and monthly water consumption were significantly different.In seven water control treatments,monthly water consumption was between(6315.95±1690.70)and(10105.28±3065.30)g/month,and mean was(8211.07±2308.23)g/month.With intensification of water control treatment,water consumption increased,but there was no seedling death due to water shortage.P.szechuanica has great plasticity in water demand,and can survive in both arid and humid environments.Meanwhile,it is revealed that P.szechuanica is the most widely distributed tree species in the region.

On the Current Situation of Basic - level Administrative Law Enforcement in China

With the development of economy and society, our country is on the road of rule by law, the legal system is progressing constantly. At the same time, we should also see that the administration according to law is not perfect, and its shortcomings exist in different degree and need to be further improved. Based on the analysis of the status quo of grass-roots administrative law enforcement in China, this paper tries to put forward corresponding countermeasures, so as to promote the work of law-based administration for the corresponding study.

济源市承留-小寨露天煤矿采区矿山地质环境治理研究

为了改善济源市承留-小寨露天煤矿采区周边地质环境,分析了矿山地质环境存在问题。研究区主要治理对象为露天采场和人类其他工程活动干扰区,治理面积705 hm 2,主要环境问题为滑坡、危岩体以及边坡。针对该问题,提出了“削坡压脚+场地平整+覆土绿化+宣传警示+配套设施+监测管护”治理方案,消除了地质灾害隐患,保护乐山区域生物多样性。

Evaluation of the treatment effect of rear slope cutting on hydrodynamic pressure landslides:A case study

After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir,some huge ancient landslides were reactivated and deformed,showing typical hydrodynamic pressure landslide characteristics.The Baishuihe landslide was a typical hydrodynamic pressure landslide.The management department conducted slope cutting treatments from 2018 to 2019.To evaluate the treatment effect of rear slope cutting,this study analyzed the data of the surface deformation survey and field monitoring over the past 20 years and the characteristics of the reservoir water-triggered Baishuihe landslide deformation,and calculated the seepage field,displacement field,and stability coefficient before and after landslide treatment.The results showed that the deformation of the Baishuihe landslide was primarily related to a decrease in the reservoir water level.Owing to the poor permeability of the landslide soil,the decrease in the reservoir water level produced a seepage force pointing to the outside of the landslide body,leading to the step deformation of the landslide displacement.The landslide was treated by rear slope cutting,and the“step”deformation of the landslide disappeared after treatment.The hydrodynamic pressure caused by the change in reservoir water after cutting the slope did not disappear.However,as the slope cutting greatly reduced the overall sliding force of the landslide,its stability was greatly improved.Notably,high stability can still be ensured under extreme rainfall after treatment.Slope cutting is effective for treating hydrodynamic pressure landslides.This study can provide effective technical support for the treatment of reservoir landslides.

Relation between Baseline Lipid Levels and Effectiveness of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Objective To evaluate whether the effects of HMG - CoA reductase inhibitors on patients with hyperlipidemia are closely related to baseline lipid levels. Methods The data analyzed originated from 3 separate multicenter clinical trials with similar designs during 1994 to 1999. 166 patients with mean age 58. 9±9. 2 years were involved in Simvastatin Clinical Trial with simvastatin 10 mg once daily for 8 weeks. 146 patients with mean age 57. 9±8. 7years were involved in Lovastatin Clinical Trial with lovastatin 20 mg once daily for 8 weeks. 105 patients with mean age 57. 8±9. 3 years were involved in Atorvastatin Clinical Trial with atorvastatin 10 mg once daily for 6 weeks. Baseline total cholesterol (TC) was more than 5. 98 mmol. L - 1, and baseline triglyceride (TG) was less than 4. 52 mmo. L - 1. The patients were grouped by baseline lipid levels. Results The higher the baseline TC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL - C) and TG levels were, the more effective the simvastatin, lovastatin, or atorvastatin was in reducing serum TC, LDL - C, and TG, respectively. A positive linear correlation was found between baseline values and effects of simvastatin, lovastatin, or atorvastatin in reducing serum TC, LDL - C, and TG, respectively. Conclusion The changes of reduction on serum lipid with HMG - CoA reductase inhibitors in patients with hyperlipidemia were influenced by baseline lipid levels.

Heath Assessment Method of EMU Trains in Level 3-5 Maintenance and Repair

An accurate and objective assessment of the health status of EMU trains is of great importance.In order to make sure the trains are functional,reliable,and endurable in their full life cycle(FLC),health assessment method for EMU trains after Level 3-5 maintenance and repair is studied.First,the element-selection principles and the assessment rules are defined;second,to present the complex topological relationship between the elements in assessment,a functional logical structure construction method is proposed;third,a health value calculation model is defined based on the element’s characteristics and their logical structures.The health variables of each element is calculated and fitted following the steps in the corresponding weight calculation methods.The assessment method is proved to be applicable and effective.

灌木平茬机切割系统参数优化设计与验证

为分析圆盘锯式切割系统的切割机理,在Solidworks中建立单组圆盘锯及灌木枝条的简化模型,并在动力学分析软件ABAQUS中进行仿真分析,研究灌木切割过程中工作参数与圆锯片参数的关系。同时,以锯片转速、行进速度、枝径为影响因素,以锯切力为评价指标,对其影响的因素进行虚拟正交试验,并用Design Expert动态响应软件进行分析,得到响应面回归方程,得知当圆锯转速为2500r/min、前进速度为0.9m/s时平茬效果较好。用小型灌木平茬机上进行实地试验,结果表明破茬率和留茬高度均能满足农艺要求。

Investigation on the Structure of Chute-feed and Card Auto-leveller and Their Selection of Technological Processes

Based on the structure of chute - feed and autoleveHer, an analysis of their working principle and the verification of their practical production results have been carried out. Finally, the future investigation direetiom of chute - feed and card autuleveller are put forward.

施氮水平对不同切花菊品种生长及氮素累积和分配的影响

[目的]针对当前菊花生产中氮肥使用过量、氮效率低下和不同氮素营养特性菊花品种氮素吸收及分配规律不明等问题,本文研究不同施氮水平对不同切花菊生长、氮效率及氮素累积和分配的影响,以明确不同切花菊品种对氮素吸收利用特性,为切花菊的高效生产提供理论依据。[方法]以9个不同家系的切花菊品种为材料,测定了高氮(每株800 mg)、正常氮(每株400 mg)和低氮水平(每株50 mg)下,9个切花菊品种全生育期生长指标、氮效率指标和各部位氮素累积量。[结果]9个切花菊品种的株高、茎粗、叶干重、茎干重、根干重、总根长、一级分枝数、着花数等生长指标和根氮累积量、叶氮累积量、植株氮累积量等氮累积量指标均随氮水平的增加而增加,氮效率指标随氮水平的增加而降低;正常氮水平下,9个菊花品种的花干重、冠幅、花径和花氮累积量最高,花期最早。不同氮水平下,‘南农丽黄’在茎粗、各部位生物量、平均根直径、根体积、冠幅、花径、氮吸收效率、农艺氮效率、植株氮累积量和花氮累积量指标上显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);‘南农雪峰’和‘南农紫峰’的株高、茎粗、各部位生物量、冠幅、花径、氮吸收效率、农艺氮效率和植株氮累积量较其他品种低。苗期和生殖生长期间,9个菊花品种植株中叶氮累积量最高,茎次之,根最低;盛花期时,植株中叶和茎氮累积量比例显著下降,花器官的氮累积量显著高于其他器官。不同氮水平下,9个菊花品种的植株氮累积量与花干重、冠幅、花径、一级分枝数、着花数、花期呈显著正相关(0.39≤r≤0.83),花氮累积量与花干重、花期呈显著正相关(0.53≤r≤0.89)。[结论]高氮水平促进了菊花的营养生长,抑制了菊花的氮效率和品质形成,菊花的全生育期生长规律和氮素累积分配规律一致,植株氮累积量和花氮累积量对菊花开花品质的形成具关键作用。

中药材泽泻的商品规格等级划分现状调查与分析

目的:综合调研中药材泽泻规格等级现状,为进一步修订其商品规格等级标准奠定扎实基础。方法:综合文献调查、实地走访和通讯问卷法等调查方法,分析泽泻药材商品规格等级划分的历史沿革、标准现状及在产地、市场中的实际应用状况与关键问题。结果:泽泻按基原及产地划分为“川泽泻”与“建泽泻”两大商品规格,但目前市场上的主流商品川泽泻的基原植物却一直未被现有泽泻药材商品规格等级标准正式收载,同时市场上的泽泻趁鲜切制药材商品长期处于“有商品、无标准”的现状;在等级划分方面,缺乏体现泽泻药效的内在质量指标;除建泽泻,其它产地泽泻在实际加工和交易时均未参照现有标准,等级划分标准极不统一。结论:泽泻商品规格等级标准已不符合“基于药典”“基于市场”的基本原则,对生产、市场的规范及指导作用有限,建议应重点针对市场主流商品川泽泻及趁鲜切制药材作标准修订,以真正引导我国泽泻药材“优质优价”体系的形成,以“高标准”促进泽泻高质量产业健康发展。

气-液两相流界面迁移现象的数值模拟研究

借助于LevelSet函数,建立了气-液两相的统一控制方程组,并在交错网格中进行离散.用两种格式,即Superbee TVD格式和5阶WENO格式求解LevelSet函数的输运方程,用SIMPLER算法的思想对主流场控制方程的求解方法进行改进.数值实验结果表明,在求解LevelSet的控制方程时,5阶WENO方法比Superbee TVD格式的结果更准确;用改进的数值算法可成功实现对密度比大于1000/1的气-液两相流界面迁移问题的数值模拟.对几种典型大密度比气-液两相流问题的计算结果与实际问题的物理规律完全一致,验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性.

基于Normalized Cut的图像分割改进算法

用Normalized Cu(tN-Cut)准则分割图片时,会出现诸如过分割或者欠分割的不理想情况。在N-Cut结果的基础上提出了一种改进算法:利用合并-分裂方法,将颜色和纹理相似的区域合并,并对某些区域做进一步N-Cut分割。实验证明,改进后的算法不仅保留了N-Cut方法的优点,而且从一定程度上解决了过分割和欠分割的缺点,能够处理一些自然界的彩色图片,得到了比较理想的分割结果。

基于边界投射与GPU解析的铁路线路LoD网格场景建模方法

层次细节(LoD)网格地形模型是构建铁路线路三维可视化场景的重要基础。然而,受制于LoD网格模型多层次、多尺度表达的复杂动态特征,以及经典LoD四叉树三维网格地形的独立、分块结构形式,在全球数字地形平台上进行铁路线路建模时,地形裁剪开孔、线路地形融合等环节面临诸多难题。对此,提出全球LoD网格地形上基于外边界投射的铁路线路开孔建模方法,以及利用GPU顶点解析的铁路线路LoD地形动态融合叠置方法,从而实现铁路线路LoD网格地形三维场景高效建模。采取GPU与CPU相结合的办法,首先对地形裁剪区域进行过滤,屏蔽区域内的冗余三角形,留下开孔区域,对区域外围顶点通过投射到区域边缘的修正方式实现点位移动以完成边缘填充,从而避免规则网格上的三角网整合建模,实现复杂地形的规则网格兼容表达。然后,在为地形顶点设置全球统一纹理坐标的基础上,在GPU中对地形纹理与叠置图像分别建立不同的纹理坐标转换关系,实现两者的同模无缝表达,其中针对叠置图像的交互,采用仿射变换的方法突破多重空间非线性变换的困难,解决交互时纹理坐标转换的不同步问题。最终,通过某段184 km铁路线路三维建模案例进行有效性验证。研究结果表明:本文方法可对特定地形区域进行开孔裁剪,再利用GPU顶点解析使铁路线路与LoD地形叠置融合,实现外部铁路模型与真实地形的高效融合,铁路大场景三维建模的渲染效率可由40~70帧提升至55~77帧,优化比率约为30%。