Land subsidence induced by groundwater extraction and building damage level assessment—a case study of Datun, China

As in many parts of the world, long-term excessive extraction of groundwater has caused significant land-surface sub- sidence in the residential areas of Datun coal mining district in East China. The recorded maximum level of subsidence in the area since 1976 to 2006 is 863 mm, and the area with an accumulative subsidence more than 200 mm has reached 33.1 km2 by the end of 2006. Over ten cases of building crack due to ground subsidence have already been observed. Spatial variation in ground subsi- dence often leads to a corresponding pattern of ground deformation. Buildings and underground infrastructures have been under a higher risk of damage in locations with greater differential ground deformation. Governmental guideline in China classifies build- ing damages into four different levels, based on the observable measures such as the width of wall crack, the degree of door and window deformation, the degree of wall inclination and the degree of structural destruction. Building damage level (BDL) is esti- mated by means of ground deformation analysis in terms of variations in slope gradient and curvature. Ground deformation analysis in terms of variations in slope gradient has shown that the areas of BDL III and BDL II sites account for about 0.013 km2 and 0.284 km2 respectively in 2006, and the predicted areas of BDL (define this first) III and II sites will be about 0.029 km2 and 0.423 km2 respectively by 2010. The situation is getting worse as subsidence continues. That calls for effective strategies for subsidence miti- gation and damage reduction, in terms of sustainable groundwater extraction, enhanced monitoring and the establishment of early warning systems.

Seismic hazard level reduction for existing buildings considering remaining building lifespans

Seismic hazard levels lower than those for design of new buildings have been permitted for seismic evaluation and retrofi t of existing buildings due to the relatively short remaining lifespans. The seismic hazard reduction enables costeff ective seismic evaluation and retrofi t of existing buildings with limited structural capacity. The current study proposes seismic hazard reduction factors for Korea, one of low to moderate seismicity regions. The seismic hazard reduction factors are based on equal probabilities of non-exceedance within diff erent remaining building lifespans. A validation procedure is proposed to investigate equality of seismic risk in terms of ductility-based limit states using seismic fragility assessment of nonlinear SDOF systems, of which retrofi t demands are determined by the displacement coeffi cient method of ASCE 41-13 for diff erent target remaining building lifespans and corresponding reduced design earthquakes. Validation result shows that the use of seismic hazard reduction factors can be permitted in conjunction with appropriate lower bounds of the remaining building lifespans.

Building National Level Human Rights Bases and Popularization Centers

Building national human rights education and train- ing bases is part of China＇s human rights development,which shows the strong will of the Chinese government for promoting human fights and strengthening hu- man rights protection. Such an action is not only a practical measure for implementing international human fights action plans, but also a practice of the Chinese government in re- specting and implementing relevant international obligations set by the United Nations.

Fragility Curves of Existing RC Buildings Based on Specific Structural Performance Levels

In seismic risk mitigation policies, fragility functions of existing buildings play a fundamental role. In this paper, a procedure to develop analytical fragility curves for Moment Resisting Frame Reinforced Concrete buildings is presented. The design of the selected building typologies was performed according to the codes at the time of construction using force-based methods and the state of the practice at the time of construction. A total of 216 building classes were defined, considering different ages, number of storeys, infill panels, plan dimensions, beam stiffness, and concrete strength. The investigated buildings can be considered low-engineered buildings, using no seismic codes or old seismic codes. The seismic capacity of the selected models representing the existing RC buildings has been evaluated through non-linear dynamic simulations. Seismic response has been analyzed, considering various peak and integral intensity measures and various response parameters, such as ductility demands and Interstorey Drift Ratio (IDR). A new relationship among structural performance, damage levels and interstorey drift ratios for each studied type is introduced, which is calibrated using the damage levels described in EMS98. It is important to highlight that in this study, different thresholds of IDR have been associated with different typologies, considering their different ductility member levels after their different structural responses. Fragility Curves (FCs) for the studied structural types are set up, developed and discussed.

Building a New Socialist Countryside, Improving Commission and Agent System of “Village-level Accounting”

Rural finance is an issue concerned with rural people, improving rural financial management is important to close the relations of cadres and masses, maintain rural stability, and promote rural economic development. This article explained the main problems of village financial, the needs of introducing commission and agent system of ＂village-level accounting＂ for building a new socialist countryside, and the measures of improving commission and agent system of ＂village-level accounting＂.

双Level Set遥感影像建筑物检测

对传统的基于梯度的Level set方法和基于区域的Chan-Vese分割模型进行分析,提出结合局部梯度和同质区域全局均值信息的双水平集遥感影像分割模型,并利用变分法得到曲线的演化方程。该模型引入一种内部约束能量项近似地表示符号距离函数,使算法摆脱了重新初始化符号距离函数的缺陷,提高了曲线的演化速度,且可以同时分割出多类目标。在建筑物检测中可以同时检测出建筑物的向阳区域、屋顶和阴影区域。实验表明,该方法是一种有效的建筑物检测方法。

Faster-RCNN和Level-Set结合的高分遥感影像建筑物提取

目前Level-Set图像分割方法存在初始轮廓的确定受人为因素影响较大的问题,对目标被遮盖和目标与背景灰度值相近无法达到理想的分割效果。针对此问题,本文提出了利用Faster-RCNN网络模型确定目标初始轮廓和区域信息的先验水平集图像分割方法,搭建Caffe深度学习框架训练Faster-RCNN网络模型;通过有监督学习的方式在IAILD数据集上训练模型,检测出目标建筑物并初步提取建筑物的轮廓,并将其与形状先验的Level-Set算法结合。对比实验结果表明,本文方法解决了Level-Set算法中图像分割结果初始轮廓受人为标记框选的影响较大的问题,能够更好地完成被遮挡建筑物的分割,对于目标建筑和背景灰度值相近也能达到更好的分割效果。

找回群众与双向赋能:党建引领乡村治理有效的韧性机制——基于C村美丽屋场建设的个案考察

治理有效是党建引领乡村治理的基本目标。本文从群众路线视角出发,对C村“党建引领美丽屋场建设”实践探索进行剖析,探讨党建引领与乡村治理有效之间的机制。党建引领乡村治理的实践路径在于,通过群众动员和组织建构两种策略,在过程层面促进党领共治的治理行动生成,在结构层面实现党领共治的治理网络重塑。党建引领乡村治理的关键要素在于,以政党力量融入为牵引、以群众路线回归为主线,实现农民群众主体性回归和村民自治的职能归位,进而以“政治引领自治、行政助推自治”的双向赋能,充分激活乡村社会自主治理效能,持续形塑乡村治理有效的韧性机制。

教育强国背景下高校高层次青年人才队伍建设的内在逻辑与实施路径

高层次青年人才是高校未来发展和竞争力凸显的关键要素,研究高校高层次青年人才队伍建设的内在逻辑,对提升高校竞争力、全面实现国家“教育、科技、人才”三位统筹发展有重要意义。基于2016年排名前100所高校建设的高层次青年人才储备数据为样本,借助多元回归模型对高校高层次青年人才队伍建设的影响因素进行研究。研究发现:高校综合得分、高校层次和科技经费均对高校建设高层次青年人才具有显著正向预测作用,学科建设、经费预算对建设高层次青年人才没有显著影响。提出高校要通过扩大高校办学水平宣传、优化科研环境、加强学科建设、多元筹措教育经费增加经费预算等方式来加强高层次青年人才建设,以便在未来的高校竞争中赢得优势。

NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS IN THE TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT OF HONG KONG

This paper analyses and summarizes the natural radionuclide contents of soil and building materials, radon concentrations and the penetrating radiation levels in Hong Kong. From these, a thorough and objective assessment for the terrestrial background irradiation level of Hong Kong was made. Finally, the annual effective dose equivalent received by Hong Kong people due to the natural background irradiation was calculated to be 3.2 mSv.

Probability-Based Seismic Performance Evaluation for Buildings

Recent developments in earthquake engineering indicate that probabilistic seismic risk analysis (PSRA) is becoming increasingly useful for the evaluation of structural per-formance in accordance with building codes. In recent years, the field of seismic resis-tance design has been undergoing a critical shift in focus from strength to performance. However, current earthquake resistant design procedures do not relate building performance to probability. A lack of sufficient empirical data has highlighted gaps in this research. This study integrated results from the analysis of structural fragility and seismic hazard in Taiwan to perform PSRA to examine the effectiveness of building code in mitigating the risks associated with earthquakes. Factors taken into account included the effect of construction materials, building height, and building age. The results of this study show that the probability of exceeding damage associated with the CP level in buildings of light steel, pre-cast concrete, and masonry, exceeds 2%. These buildings fail to meet the performance objectives outlined in FEMA-273.

A Preliminary Analysis of the Earthquake Disaster of Buildings during Two Destructive Earthquakes in Xinjiang

This paper introduces the characteristics of earthquake disasters in the 2013 Urumqi MS5. 1 and the 2015 Pishan MS6. 5 earthquakes,which are directly beneath the cities. Based on the discussion on regional tectonic background,site conditions,seismic fortification level of buildings,we preliminarily analyzed the causes of earthquake disaster for buildings caused by the two earthquakes. Finally,we give some advice on earthquake resistance for residential buildings and earthquake damage prevention in Xinjiang.

建筑智能化方案精准设计方法探索

以智能建筑的顶层设计为基础,在比较不同智能化系统优劣的基础上,提出基于约束条件的智能化设计方案的整体比较方法,为业主智能化设计的投资优化方案提供指导。同时,构建MATLAB模型以简化计算过程,实现设计方案的便捷比较和直观展示,助力精准控制方法在实际应用中的优化。

内生性基层党建:党建引领基层治理的动力与实践机制——以浙东党员联户制度为例

基层党建是农村工作的重要内容。基于对浙东N县党员联户制度的分析,本文探讨了内生性基层党建的形成动力和内在机制。研究发现,党员联户呈现出内容上的内生性和目标上的内生性两个特点。党员联户不只呈现形式上的联系,更与当地高密度的治理事务紧密关联,成为宣传政策、回应群众诉求和推动中心工作的有力抓手。党员联户制度之所以能发挥作用,在于它对党员权责意识的激活和实践中对党员的软硬约束,通过制度、政治赋予的合法性重构了村庄公共性。基层党建创新不仅仅是软的形式化工作,关键是重构政府与农民的关系,通过重塑党员的责任意识,发挥基层党组织在引领治理上的主体功能。

高校高层次人才作用发挥的路径和机制研究——以浙江大学强化高层次人才“主人翁”地位为例

高层次人才已成为重要战略资源,对于国家发展和高校发展具有关键作用。当前高校引进的高层次人才在融入学校事业发展中呈现出多方面的“悬浮”特征,成为阻碍高层次人才作用发挥的重要因素。浙江大学通过强化高层次人才“主人翁”地位,建设和优化“四重机制”,有效解决了高层次人才作用发挥所出现的制度、价值、能力等方面的“悬浮”问题,激发了高层次人才的主体能动性和行动积极性,实现了高层次人才个体与学校、国家三者价值的融合和统一。

基于能量函数基元提取的建筑物LOD2模型自动生成方法

近年来,随着实景三维中国和数字中国的快速发展,建筑物三维模型重建已成为智慧城市建设的重要环节。本文提出了一种全自动建筑物LOD2模型生成框架,旨在解决城市级实景三维场景中建筑物LOD2模型生成的难题。为了自动提取大场景建筑物对象,首先利用场景正射影像,通过图像分割获取建筑物的边界信息;然后使用改进的增强型平面区域分割方法提取高质量的分割平面,并利用混合线性模型对分割结果进行优化,能够更好地处理城市建筑物的局部破损和重建错误等问题。试验结果表明,本文算法生成的建筑物LOD2模型质量和效率更高,能够应对城市建筑模型的复杂情况,得到更稳健的重建结果。

建筑智能化系统顶层设计方法探讨

通过自上而下地展开,吸收质量功能配置的思想,对建设过程中影响智能化系统的因素进行统筹考量。通过逐层迭代的方式,直观展示不同技术方案对业主满意度的影响,为建筑设计提供可比较的方案效益评价,也为设计明确后续技术路径。

谋开放新篇 育强国优师--《教育部关于实施国家优秀中小学教师培养计划的意见》解读

2023年7月教育部制定了国家优秀中小学教师培养计划(以下简称“国优计划”),旨在以“双一流”建设高校为依托,选拔培养专业成绩优秀且乐教适教的理工类学科人才,从而为基础教育事业培养和输送高质量的优秀教师。“国优计划”的出台,一方面是对教师教育历史政策实践,即推动教师教育向高质量发展模式转变,以及健全以开放、协同、联动为主要特点的现代教师教育体系的继承与延续;另一方面是为推动新时代教育强国、科技强国、人才强国建设和契合基础教育发展新形势所制定的创新发展路径,即构建多主体联动,贯通本研、职前职后一体化培养模式,实现“优秀人才”向“优秀教师”转化,切实解决教师队伍建设中存在的学科结构不均衡、培养层次不高等方面的问题,从源头上强化拔尖创新人才的培养。为此,对“国优计划”的政策实施路径提出以下建议:促进政策主体的外部行动协同与内部治理优化;规范研制人才选拔标准与培养方案;建立和健全面向政策实施的专业评估与跟踪监测机制;建立与政策相配套的培训与试点经验交流机制。

党建治理化:基层党建和基层治理的有效融合

推进基层治理转型关键在于创新和完善基层党建与基层治理两者有效融合的实践进路。党领导基层治理因其显著的示范引领、服务引领和协同引领优势,使得党建治理化成为中国基层治理现代化的重要发展趋向。党建治理化突出党建引领基层治理的政治逻辑和治理逻辑,以党建创新统合治理,把基层党建系统化融入基层治理全过程,注重发挥政党“元治理”功能以激发治理动能进而推动形成党组织统领多元主体协同共治格局,实现了对属地化管理、科层化治理和数字化治理的整合升华,对于提升基层治理的系统性、整体性和协同性具有重要意义。从政治统领、组织赋能、协同共治维度对基层党建与基层治理的有效融合进行深度透视,以党建引领的创新来弥补基层党组织领导基层治理的短板。新时代要发挥党组织统筹治理主体、整合资源配置、凝聚价值共识的功能,构建以政治统领为主导的基层党建治理化机制;党组织要在统合基层治理中发挥中轴作用,通过赋能和激活组织,释放基层党组织的内生动能,强化基层党员的先锋意识,唤醒其内在价值,推动增值服务,激发以组织赋能为介质的基层党建治理化动能;党组织要积极搭建基层多元共治共享的治理平台,广泛吸纳社会力量,把基层群众、社会组织、群团组织有序组织起来,集聚起基层治理合力,塑造以协同共治为路径的基层党建治理化格局,推动基层党建与基层治理的深度融合取得更大效能。

高职院校基层党组织高质量服务社区体系构建与实践

强化基层党组织建设,创新区域党建共建机制,构建高质量服务社区体系是新形势下高校基层党组织建设的重要工作之一。高职院校基层党组织服务理念还存在一定的偏差,服务内容单一,覆盖面不足,服务质量不高。宁波城市职业技术学院推进与鄞州区“一院一镇一企”的战略合作,通过组织共建、理论共学、品牌共育、成效共享构建党建共建平台,推行了一系列“党建+”服务模式为政企发展提供智力支持,积极探索学校和社区党建共建保障机制。