Photochemical indicators of ozone sensitivity： application in the Pearl River Delta, China

Surface 03 production has a highly nonlinear relationship with its precursors. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of O3-NOx-VOC-sensitivity regimes complicates the control- decision making. In this paper, the indicator method was used to establish the relationship between 03 sensitivity and assessment indicators. Six popular ratios indicating ozone-precursor sensitivity, HCHO/NOy, H2O2/ HNO3, O3/NOy, O3/NOz, O3/HNO3, and H2O2/NOz, were evaluated based on the distribution of NOx- and VOC-sensitive regimes. WRF-Chem was used to study a serious ozone episode in fall over the Pearl River Delta （PRD）. It was found that the south-west of the PRD is characterized by a VOCsensitive regime, while its north-east is NO y-sensitive, with a sharp transition area between the two regimes. All indicators produced good representations of the elevated ozone hours in the episode on 6 November 2009, with H202/HNO3 being the best indicator. The threshold sensitivity levels for HCHO/NOy, H2O2/HNO3, O3/NOy, O3/NOz, O3/HNO3, and H2O2/NOz were estimated to be 0.41, 0.55, 10.2, 14.0, 19.1, and 0.38, respectively. Threshold intervals for the indicators H2O2/HNO3, O3/ NOy, O3/NOz, O3/HNO3, and H202/NOz were able to identify more than 95% of VOC- and NOx-sensitive grids. The ozone episode on 16 November 16 2008 was used to independently verify the results, and it was found that only H2O2/HNO3 and H2O2/NOz were able to differentiate the ozone sensitivity regime well. Hence, these two ratios are suggested as the most appropriate indicators for identifying fall ozone sensitivity in the PRD. Since the species used for indicators have seasonal variation, the utility of those indicators for other seasons should be investigated in the future work.

Observation of a fused dual-fiber sensor head tips by SEM

The shape and microstructure of the fiber-optic liquid-level sensor head. which was made of two fusion- spliced multimode optical fibers, were experimentally studied by using scanning electron microscope （SEM） technology in order to optimize the performance characteristic of the fiber sensor head. The parabolic profile of the sensor head was found to be better and having length-width ratio from 1.2：1 to 1.3：1. Some other useful possibilities were proposed.

Genetic climatic regionalization of the Balkan Peninsula using cluster analysis

Sea Level Pressure（SLP） data for the period 1950–2012 at 61 stations located in or around the Balkan Peninsula was used. The main concept is that intra-annual course of SLP represents the best different air masses that are situated over the Balkan Peninsula during the year. The method for differentiation of climatic zones is cluster analysis. A hierarchical clustering technique–average linkage between groups with Pearson correlation for measurement of intervals was employed in the research. The climate of the Balkan Peninsula is transitional between oceanic and continental and also between subtropical and temperate climates. Several major changes in atmospheric circulation over the Balkan Peninsula have happened over the period 1950–2012. There is a serious increase of the influence of the Azores High in the period January–Marchwhich leads to an increase of SLP and enhances oceanic influence. There is an increase of the influence of the north-west extension of the monsoonal low in the period June–September. This leads to more continental climatebut also to more tropical air masses over the Balkan Peninsula. Accordinglythe extent of subtropical climate widens in northern direction. There is an increase of the influence of the Siberian High in the period October–December. This influence covers central and eastern part of the peninsula in October and Novemberand it reaches western parts in December. Thusthe climate becomes more continental.

Basic Evaluation of the Process of China’s Industrial Modernization1

As China will change from a large industrial power into a strong industrial power in the 21stcentury, theinevitabledemand isfor industrialmodernization. Thispaperputs forward three criteria for judging the degree of realization of industrialmodernization: industrial growth efficiency, industrial structure and industrial environment. Together with these, it constructsan indicatorsystem and indicesforevaluating thelevelofindustrialmodernization, and uses this indicator system to evaluate the level of China’s industrial modernization at theturn ofthecentury. TheresultingcomprehensiveindexofChina’sindustrialmodernization is28.72. This indicatesthat, through the rapid industrialization which hastaken place over more than 20 years of reform and opening up, China has commenced its industrial modernization, which is now in the primarystage of development. Thecore of thestrategy forfurther development should be to accelerate the process of industrial modernization.