This paper introduced the theory and approaches of building driving forcemodels revealing the changes in land utilization level by integrating RS, GPS, and GIS technologiesbased on the example of Yuanmou County of Yun...This paper introduced the theory and approaches of building driving forcemodels revealing the changes in land utilization level by integrating RS, GPS, and GIS technologiesbased on the example of Yuanmou County of Yunnan Province. We first created the land utilizationtype database, natural driving forces for land utilization database, and human driving forces forland utilization database. Then we obtained the dependent and the independent variables of changesin land utilization level by exploring various data. Lastly we screened major factors affectingchanges in land utilization level by using the powerful spatial correlation analysis and maincomponent analysis module of GIS and obtained a multivariable linear regression model of thechangesin land utilization level by using GIS spatial regression analysis module.展开更多
Stagnating yield and declining input use efficiency in irrigated wheat of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) coupled with diminishing availability of water for agriculture is a major concern of food security in South Asia....Stagnating yield and declining input use efficiency in irrigated wheat of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) coupled with diminishing availability of water for agriculture is a major concern of food security in South Asia. The objective of our study was to establish an understanding of how wheat yield and input use efficiency can be improved and how land leveling and crop establishment practices can be modified to be more efficient in water use through layering of precision-conservation crop management techniques. The “precision land leveling with raised bed” planting can be used to improve crop yield, water and nutrient use efficiency over the existing “traditional land leveling with flat” planting practices. We conducted a field experiment during 2002-2004 at Modipuram, India to quantify the benefits of alternate land leveling (precision land leveling) and crop establishment (furrow irrigated raised bed planting) techniques alone or in combination (layering precision-conservation) in terms of crop yield, water savings, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat production in IGP. The wheat yield was about 16.6% higher with nearly 50% less irrigation water with layering precision land leveling and raised bed planting compared to traditional practices (traditional land leveling with flat planting). The agronomic (AE) and uptake efficiency (UE) of N, P and K were significantly improved under precision land leveling with raised bed planting technique compared to other practices.展开更多
Incorporating modem and advanced technology (various electronic devices) to excavational machinery led to become more efficient, better quality and cost effective. The continuous development of equipment is also ver...Incorporating modem and advanced technology (various electronic devices) to excavational machinery led to become more efficient, better quality and cost effective. The continuous development of equipment is also very important in the earth moving procedures which require significant time and expense to achieve the so-called "precision agriculture" or rather "precise management of agricultural inputs". One of the "precision agricultural" works is the land leveling. In recent years, land leveling is done with the use of a scraper (blade) mounted on the agricultural tractor. An electronic system controls the height of the blade automatically, without any operator intervention. In this paper, the field efficiency of the tractor MF6290, of 135 Hp horsepower, is calculated with a leveling blade of 4 m width, in the land leveling of rice cultivation, and in the rotation of different crops in different land preparation conditions (initial and final slope) in the area of Thessaloniki, northern Greece. The raw data revealed that the performance of the tractor ranged from 0.402 to 0.82 lha/h, on a slope 0%, while for surfaces with different initial and final slope, it ranged from 0.107 to 0.118 ha/h.展开更多
Remote sensing technique has played an important role in land use dynamic monitoring, but as for the land use dynamic monitoring at county level, traditional remote sensing methods such as satellite imagery visual int...Remote sensing technique has played an important role in land use dynamic monitoring, but as for the land use dynamic monitoring at county level, traditional remote sensing methods such as satellite imagery visual interpretation and computer classification can not meet its demand for accuracy. The result of 1:10 000 land use investigation map has high accuracy, but this method can not be used to dynamically monitor the land use because of its big expenses, long period and difficulty in updating data. In this paper, the characteristics of physiognomy, climate and the status of land use in Dehui County are taken into consideration and a set of method, which takes use of 3S techniques and applies to Northeast China Plain, is come up with. When the land use type of a land parcel changed as a whole, the date updating can be make by changing its land type ID in the attribute table in a GIS. When the land use type of an irregular area changed, GPS receivers are used to position its border. This set of method is characteristic of high accuracy and low expenses. It gets the information of land use change timely and can be used to dynamically monitor the land use. .展开更多
Global cropland monitoring is important when considering tactical strategies for achieving food sustainability. Different global land cover (GLC) datasets providing cropland information have already been published and...Global cropland monitoring is important when considering tactical strategies for achieving food sustainability. Different global land cover (GLC) datasets providing cropland information have already been published and they are used in many applications. The different data input methods, classification techniques, class definitions and production years among the different GLC datasets make them all independently useful sources of information. This study attempted to produce a cropland agreement level (CAL) analysis based on the integration of several cropland datasets to more accurately estimate cropland area distribution. Estimating cropland area and how it has changed on a national level was done by converting the level of cropland agreement into percentages with an existing cropland fraction map. A pre-analysis showed that the four GLC datasets used in the 2005 and 2010 groups had similar year input data acquisitions. Therefore, we placed these four datasets (GlobCover, MODIS LC, GLCNMO and ESACCI LC) into 2005 and 2010 year-groups and selected them to process dataset integration through a CRISP approach. The results of this process proposed four agreement levels for this CAL analysis, and the model correlation was converted into percentage values. The cropland estimate results from the CAL analysis were observed along with FAO data statistics and showed the highest accuracy, with a 0.70 and 0.71 regression value for 2005 and 2010 respectively. In the cropland area change analysis, this CAL change analysis had the highest level of accuracy when describing the total size of cropland area change from 2005 and 2010 when compared to other individual original GLC datasets.展开更多
Based on some experts’ research effort, the problems of land subsidence and relative sea level rise in three Chinese delta areas (Huanghe, Changjiang and Zhujiang Delta) are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The ...Based on some experts’ research effort, the problems of land subsidence and relative sea level rise in three Chinese delta areas (Huanghe, Changjiang and Zhujiang Delta) are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The authors’ opinion is that the land subsidence is mainly induced by human activity and has made the greater contributions to the relative sea level rise and become one of the geological hazards in these areas. In Tianjin and Shanghai areas where had ever existed serious land subsidence problem, due to the positive and effective control methods, the ratio of man-induced land subsidence to relative sea level rise decreased from 80%-90% in 1960s-1970s to less than 60% at present. But it is estimated that in the next tens of years this ratio will still be considerable. So human being must keep its eyes on this phenomenon and take more positive countermeasures to control the land subsidence.展开更多
高潜水位矿区采矿活动及城镇化发展会导致土地利用类型明显变化,进而影响矿区的固碳能力。采用潘谢矿区2002-2021年5期土地利用数据,利用FLUS(Future Land Use Simulation)模型,选取了采矿、社会经济和气候环境等方面数据作为驱动因子,...高潜水位矿区采矿活动及城镇化发展会导致土地利用类型明显变化,进而影响矿区的固碳能力。采用潘谢矿区2002-2021年5期土地利用数据,利用FLUS(Future Land Use Simulation)模型,选取了采矿、社会经济和气候环境等方面数据作为驱动因子,分别预测了自然发展和生态保护两种情景下2028年土地利用变化,再结合InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs)模型,计算了潘谢矿区2002-2021年的历史碳储量以及2028年不同情景下的未来碳储量,并对潘谢矿区碳储量的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)2002-2021年潘谢矿区土地利用变化表现为耕地不断减少,湿地和建筑用地持续增加,其中耕地减少了147.93 km^(2),湿地和建筑用地分别增加了71.01 km^(2)和75.76 km^(2)。在此期间,潘谢矿区碳储量减少了1.62×10^(5)t,减少幅度为3.83%,其中在2018-2021年碳储量下降最快。(2)预测结果显示,2028年2种情景下研究区内土地利用变化均为湿地和建筑用地持续增加,耕地不断减少。但相较于自然发展情景,生态保护情景下矿区内耕地受到保护,面积有所增加,湿地和建筑用地的增长减缓。与2021年相比,自然发展情景下的碳储量减少了0.74×10^(5)t,生态保护情景下的碳储量减少了0.53×10^(5)t。研究结果表明,受采煤沉陷和城镇发展影响,沉陷湿地和建筑用地扩张导致耕地减少是碳储量下降的主要原因,采取生态保护措施能够在一定程度上减缓碳储量的下降。展开更多
探讨土地利用变化所引发的水质净化演变,对于保护和改善水质,实现可持续发展具有重要意义。以“两湖一库”流域为例,运用PLUS(patch-level land use simulation)模型和InVEST(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs...探讨土地利用变化所引发的水质净化演变,对于保护和改善水质,实现可持续发展具有重要意义。以“两湖一库”流域为例,运用PLUS(patch-level land use simulation)模型和InVEST(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs)模型生态系统服务水质净化模块,基于2000年、2010年和2020年土地利用数据,模拟流域在未来自然发展情景和生态保护情景下的用地类型时空格局变化以及水质净化特征。定量揭示土地利用变化与水质净化功能的响应关系。结果表明:“两湖一库”流域土地类型以耕地为主,2030年在自然发展情景下耕地、林地、草地面积呈下降趋势,建设用地呈上升趋势,生态保护情景可有效保护流域耕地、林地等空间分布和面积;“两湖一库”流域TN、TP输出量以低强度输出为主,2000—2020年TN输出量先增加后减少,TP输出量逐年增加,水质净化能力呈稳中变好的趋势;2030年自然发展情境下TN输出量持续减少,TP输出量呈向上浮动,生态保护情景下TN、TP输出量较自然发展情景下减少,生态保护情景可以增加水质净化能力。生态用地类型可以有效截留N、P进入水体,生态保护情景下有效降低生态用地类型的变化速度,减少TN、TP的输出量,“两湖一库”流域未来规划中应增加生态用地的占比,增加土地类型对TN、TP的截留能力。展开更多
受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数...受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数据、山东省自动气象站逐时降雨量、常规观测资料、中国风云二号地球静止气象卫星(FY-2G)0.1°×0.1°逐小时云顶相当黑体亮温和美国环境预报中心(National Center of Environmental Prediction,简称NCEP)1°×1°逐6 h再分析等资料,主要运用纬向风局地变化方程与大气动能方程,诊断分析降雨明显增幅与高、低层风场变化的关系。结果表明:(1)暴雨主要影响系统有高低空急流、500 hPa西风槽、850 hPa台风倒槽及“利奇马”本体环流等。10日200 hPa中纬度大尺度西南风急流东南移影响鲁西北,当天08:00(北京时,下同)850 hPa因双台风活动而形成的大尺度东南风急流突然北伸越过山东省。台风倒槽对流云与本体环流对流云先、后北移经鲁中,累积效应造成该地区10日夜间雨量最大。(2)10日20:00850 hPa章丘站东北侧出现了过程最快东风增幅,纬向运动方程诊断结果表明,东风平流是东风增加最主要原因,地转偏向力项则不利于东风增加。(3)10日20:00章丘站200 hPa西南风风力明显加大形成急流,10日08:00至11日08:00青岛站850 hPa维持东南风低空急流。同时位于高空急流右后侧与低空急流左前方是鲁中附近10日夜间降雨增幅的重要原因。章丘200 hPa与青岛850 hPa都是在最大风力之前12 h动能增加最快。动能方程诊断表明,最有利于鲁西北高空急流形成的是位能平流项,最有利于鲁东南低空急流形成的是动能垂直通量散度项。(4)10日20:00至13日08:00“利奇马”本体环流一直在影响山东,暴雨期间山东中部地形的动力作用也一直存在,而降雨的峰值是出现在10日夜间,说明10日20:00前后高、低空急流的耦合可能是山东暴雨增幅的主要影响因子。其主要作用至少有加强山东中部的垂直运动、整层水汽输送与静力不稳定度等方面。展开更多
文摘This paper introduced the theory and approaches of building driving forcemodels revealing the changes in land utilization level by integrating RS, GPS, and GIS technologiesbased on the example of Yuanmou County of Yunnan Province. We first created the land utilizationtype database, natural driving forces for land utilization database, and human driving forces forland utilization database. Then we obtained the dependent and the independent variables of changesin land utilization level by exploring various data. Lastly we screened major factors affectingchanges in land utilization level by using the powerful spatial correlation analysis and maincomponent analysis module of GIS and obtained a multivariable linear regression model of thechangesin land utilization level by using GIS spatial regression analysis module.
文摘Stagnating yield and declining input use efficiency in irrigated wheat of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) coupled with diminishing availability of water for agriculture is a major concern of food security in South Asia. The objective of our study was to establish an understanding of how wheat yield and input use efficiency can be improved and how land leveling and crop establishment practices can be modified to be more efficient in water use through layering of precision-conservation crop management techniques. The “precision land leveling with raised bed” planting can be used to improve crop yield, water and nutrient use efficiency over the existing “traditional land leveling with flat” planting practices. We conducted a field experiment during 2002-2004 at Modipuram, India to quantify the benefits of alternate land leveling (precision land leveling) and crop establishment (furrow irrigated raised bed planting) techniques alone or in combination (layering precision-conservation) in terms of crop yield, water savings, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat production in IGP. The wheat yield was about 16.6% higher with nearly 50% less irrigation water with layering precision land leveling and raised bed planting compared to traditional practices (traditional land leveling with flat planting). The agronomic (AE) and uptake efficiency (UE) of N, P and K were significantly improved under precision land leveling with raised bed planting technique compared to other practices.
文摘Incorporating modem and advanced technology (various electronic devices) to excavational machinery led to become more efficient, better quality and cost effective. The continuous development of equipment is also very important in the earth moving procedures which require significant time and expense to achieve the so-called "precision agriculture" or rather "precise management of agricultural inputs". One of the "precision agricultural" works is the land leveling. In recent years, land leveling is done with the use of a scraper (blade) mounted on the agricultural tractor. An electronic system controls the height of the blade automatically, without any operator intervention. In this paper, the field efficiency of the tractor MF6290, of 135 Hp horsepower, is calculated with a leveling blade of 4 m width, in the land leveling of rice cultivation, and in the rotation of different crops in different land preparation conditions (initial and final slope) in the area of Thessaloniki, northern Greece. The raw data revealed that the performance of the tractor ranged from 0.402 to 0.82 lha/h, on a slope 0%, while for surfaces with different initial and final slope, it ranged from 0.107 to 0.118 ha/h.
基金Under the auspices of the key project of the National Ninth Five-year Plan (96-B02-01-07).
文摘Remote sensing technique has played an important role in land use dynamic monitoring, but as for the land use dynamic monitoring at county level, traditional remote sensing methods such as satellite imagery visual interpretation and computer classification can not meet its demand for accuracy. The result of 1:10 000 land use investigation map has high accuracy, but this method can not be used to dynamically monitor the land use because of its big expenses, long period and difficulty in updating data. In this paper, the characteristics of physiognomy, climate and the status of land use in Dehui County are taken into consideration and a set of method, which takes use of 3S techniques and applies to Northeast China Plain, is come up with. When the land use type of a land parcel changed as a whole, the date updating can be make by changing its land type ID in the attribute table in a GIS. When the land use type of an irregular area changed, GPS receivers are used to position its border. This set of method is characteristic of high accuracy and low expenses. It gets the information of land use change timely and can be used to dynamically monitor the land use. .
文摘Global cropland monitoring is important when considering tactical strategies for achieving food sustainability. Different global land cover (GLC) datasets providing cropland information have already been published and they are used in many applications. The different data input methods, classification techniques, class definitions and production years among the different GLC datasets make them all independently useful sources of information. This study attempted to produce a cropland agreement level (CAL) analysis based on the integration of several cropland datasets to more accurately estimate cropland area distribution. Estimating cropland area and how it has changed on a national level was done by converting the level of cropland agreement into percentages with an existing cropland fraction map. A pre-analysis showed that the four GLC datasets used in the 2005 and 2010 groups had similar year input data acquisitions. Therefore, we placed these four datasets (GlobCover, MODIS LC, GLCNMO and ESACCI LC) into 2005 and 2010 year-groups and selected them to process dataset integration through a CRISP approach. The results of this process proposed four agreement levels for this CAL analysis, and the model correlation was converted into percentage values. The cropland estimate results from the CAL analysis were observed along with FAO data statistics and showed the highest accuracy, with a 0.70 and 0.71 regression value for 2005 and 2010 respectively. In the cropland area change analysis, this CAL change analysis had the highest level of accuracy when describing the total size of cropland area change from 2005 and 2010 when compared to other individual original GLC datasets.
文摘Based on some experts’ research effort, the problems of land subsidence and relative sea level rise in three Chinese delta areas (Huanghe, Changjiang and Zhujiang Delta) are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The authors’ opinion is that the land subsidence is mainly induced by human activity and has made the greater contributions to the relative sea level rise and become one of the geological hazards in these areas. In Tianjin and Shanghai areas where had ever existed serious land subsidence problem, due to the positive and effective control methods, the ratio of man-induced land subsidence to relative sea level rise decreased from 80%-90% in 1960s-1970s to less than 60% at present. But it is estimated that in the next tens of years this ratio will still be considerable. So human being must keep its eyes on this phenomenon and take more positive countermeasures to control the land subsidence.
文摘高潜水位矿区采矿活动及城镇化发展会导致土地利用类型明显变化,进而影响矿区的固碳能力。采用潘谢矿区2002-2021年5期土地利用数据,利用FLUS(Future Land Use Simulation)模型,选取了采矿、社会经济和气候环境等方面数据作为驱动因子,分别预测了自然发展和生态保护两种情景下2028年土地利用变化,再结合InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs)模型,计算了潘谢矿区2002-2021年的历史碳储量以及2028年不同情景下的未来碳储量,并对潘谢矿区碳储量的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)2002-2021年潘谢矿区土地利用变化表现为耕地不断减少,湿地和建筑用地持续增加,其中耕地减少了147.93 km^(2),湿地和建筑用地分别增加了71.01 km^(2)和75.76 km^(2)。在此期间,潘谢矿区碳储量减少了1.62×10^(5)t,减少幅度为3.83%,其中在2018-2021年碳储量下降最快。(2)预测结果显示,2028年2种情景下研究区内土地利用变化均为湿地和建筑用地持续增加,耕地不断减少。但相较于自然发展情景,生态保护情景下矿区内耕地受到保护,面积有所增加,湿地和建筑用地的增长减缓。与2021年相比,自然发展情景下的碳储量减少了0.74×10^(5)t,生态保护情景下的碳储量减少了0.53×10^(5)t。研究结果表明,受采煤沉陷和城镇发展影响,沉陷湿地和建筑用地扩张导致耕地减少是碳储量下降的主要原因,采取生态保护措施能够在一定程度上减缓碳储量的下降。
文摘探讨土地利用变化所引发的水质净化演变,对于保护和改善水质,实现可持续发展具有重要意义。以“两湖一库”流域为例,运用PLUS(patch-level land use simulation)模型和InVEST(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs)模型生态系统服务水质净化模块,基于2000年、2010年和2020年土地利用数据,模拟流域在未来自然发展情景和生态保护情景下的用地类型时空格局变化以及水质净化特征。定量揭示土地利用变化与水质净化功能的响应关系。结果表明:“两湖一库”流域土地类型以耕地为主,2030年在自然发展情景下耕地、林地、草地面积呈下降趋势,建设用地呈上升趋势,生态保护情景可有效保护流域耕地、林地等空间分布和面积;“两湖一库”流域TN、TP输出量以低强度输出为主,2000—2020年TN输出量先增加后减少,TP输出量逐年增加,水质净化能力呈稳中变好的趋势;2030年自然发展情境下TN输出量持续减少,TP输出量呈向上浮动,生态保护情景下TN、TP输出量较自然发展情景下减少,生态保护情景可以增加水质净化能力。生态用地类型可以有效截留N、P进入水体,生态保护情景下有效降低生态用地类型的变化速度,减少TN、TP的输出量,“两湖一库”流域未来规划中应增加生态用地的占比,增加土地类型对TN、TP的截留能力。
文摘受登陆北上台风“利奇马”等影响,2019年8月9~12日山东省出现连续暴雨,其中10日夜间出现降雨峰值。利用中国气象局上海台风研究所(Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration,简称CMA-STI)热带气旋最佳路径数据、山东省自动气象站逐时降雨量、常规观测资料、中国风云二号地球静止气象卫星(FY-2G)0.1°×0.1°逐小时云顶相当黑体亮温和美国环境预报中心(National Center of Environmental Prediction,简称NCEP)1°×1°逐6 h再分析等资料,主要运用纬向风局地变化方程与大气动能方程,诊断分析降雨明显增幅与高、低层风场变化的关系。结果表明:(1)暴雨主要影响系统有高低空急流、500 hPa西风槽、850 hPa台风倒槽及“利奇马”本体环流等。10日200 hPa中纬度大尺度西南风急流东南移影响鲁西北,当天08:00(北京时,下同)850 hPa因双台风活动而形成的大尺度东南风急流突然北伸越过山东省。台风倒槽对流云与本体环流对流云先、后北移经鲁中,累积效应造成该地区10日夜间雨量最大。(2)10日20:00850 hPa章丘站东北侧出现了过程最快东风增幅,纬向运动方程诊断结果表明,东风平流是东风增加最主要原因,地转偏向力项则不利于东风增加。(3)10日20:00章丘站200 hPa西南风风力明显加大形成急流,10日08:00至11日08:00青岛站850 hPa维持东南风低空急流。同时位于高空急流右后侧与低空急流左前方是鲁中附近10日夜间降雨增幅的重要原因。章丘200 hPa与青岛850 hPa都是在最大风力之前12 h动能增加最快。动能方程诊断表明,最有利于鲁西北高空急流形成的是位能平流项,最有利于鲁东南低空急流形成的是动能垂直通量散度项。(4)10日20:00至13日08:00“利奇马”本体环流一直在影响山东,暴雨期间山东中部地形的动力作用也一直存在,而降雨的峰值是出现在10日夜间,说明10日20:00前后高、低空急流的耦合可能是山东暴雨增幅的主要影响因子。其主要作用至少有加强山东中部的垂直运动、整层水汽输送与静力不稳定度等方面。