Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for the Vehicle Height and Leveling Adjustment System of an Electronic Air Suspension

The accurate control for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an electronic air suspension(EAS) still is a challenging problem that has not been effectively solved in prior researches. This paper proposes a new adaptive controller to control the vehicle height and to adjust the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body(leveling control) during the vehicle height adjustment procedures by an EAS system. A nonlinear mechanism model of the full?car vehicle height adjustment system is established to reflect the system dynamic behaviors and to derive the system optimal control law. To deal with the nonlinear characters in the vehicle height and leveling adjustment processes, the nonlinear system model is globally linearized through the state feedback method. On this basis, a fuzzy sliding mode controller(FSMC) is designed to improve the control accuracy of the vehicle height adjustment and to reduce the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method more accurately, the full?car EAS system model programmed using AMESim is also given. Then, the co?simulation study of the FSMC performance can be conducted. Finally, actual vehicle tests are performed with a city bus, and the test results illustrate that the vehicle height adjustment performance is effectively guaranteed by the FSMC, and the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body during the vehicle height adjustment procedures are also reduced significantly. This research proposes an effective control methodology for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an EAS, which provides a favorable control performance for the system.

Real-time State Monitoring During Switching Mode Transitions in High Power Three-level Inverters

大功率多电平逆变器近年来在实际工业生产中得到越来越广泛的应用。多电平逆变器由于结构复杂,采用元器件较多,因此在设计和实验中,实现各个工作状态下运行参数的同步监测和分析较为困难。本文针对大功率三电平逆变器,实现开关动态特性的在线测试,在此基础上,进一步研究三电平逆变器在开关状态变化时理论与实际负载运行工况下电路拓扑的转换变化规律。通过全电路电气参数和元器件状态的实时监测,发现在三电平逆变器非正常运行状态下开关转换时额外电应力,同时,深入研究在实际工况运行条件非正常状态下该额外电应力出现的机理和原因,为三电平逆变器的故障诊断提供了参考,对于设计高可靠性的多电平逆变器系统有一定的理论和现实意义。

Effects of an applied low frequency field on the dynamics of a two-level atom interacting with a single-mode field

The effects of an applied low frequency field on the dynamics of a two-level atom interacting with a single-mode field are investigated. It is shown that the time evolution of the atomic population is mainly controlled by the coupling constants and the frequency of the low frequency field, which leads to a low frequency modulation function for the time evolution of the upper state population. The amplitude of the modulation function becomes larger as the coupling constants increase. The frequency of the modulation function is proportional to the frequency of the low frequency field, and decreases with increasing coupling constant.

A Space Vector Modulation Based Three-level PWM Rectifier under Simple Sliding Mode Control Strategy

In this paper, a voltage oriented control strategy for three-level PWM rectifier based on Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is introduced in order to obtain fast and accurate response of dc-bus voltage. To verify the validity of the analysis and the feasibility of the proposed control method a set of simulation tests have been conducted using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that compared to the conventional PI controller, the SMC can reduce drastically the three-level rectifier’s voltage fluctuation and improve the dynamic response of dc-bus significantly.

The Sensitivity of Model Results to Specification of Network-Based Level of Service Attributes: An Application of a Mixed Logit Model to Trave Mode Choice

The need for travel demand models is growing worldwide. Obtaining reasonably accurate level of service (LOS) attributes of different travel modes such as travel time and cost representing the performance of transportation system is not a trivial task, especially in growing cities of developing countries. This study investigates the sensitivity of results of a travel mode choice model to different specifications of network-based LOS attributes using a mixed logit model. The study also looks at the possibilities of correcting some of the inaccuracies in network-based LOS attributes. Further, the study also explores the effects of different specifications of LOS data on implied values of time and aggregation forecasting. The findings indicate that the implied values of time are very sensitive to specification of data and model implying that utmost care must be taken if the purpose of the model is to estimate values of time. Models estimated on all specifications of LOS-data perform well in prediction, likely suggesting that the extra expense on developing a more detailed and accurate network models so as to derive more precise LOS attributes is unnecessary for impact analyses of some policies.

ULTRASONIC INFLUENCE OF POROSITY LEVEL ON CFRP COMPOSITE LAMINATES USING RAYLEIGH PROBE WAVES

It was found that a pitch-catch signal was more sensitive than normal incidence backwall echo of longitudinal wave to subtle flaw conditions in the composites （damages, fiber orientation, low level porosity, ply waviness, and cracks）. Both the strength and stiffness depend on the fiber orientation and porosity volume in the composites. The porosity content of a composite structure is critical to the strength and performance of the structure in general. The depth of the sampling volume where the pitch-catch signal came from was relatively shallow with the head- to-head miniature Rayleigh probes, but the depth can be increased by increasing the separation distance of the transmitting and receiving probes. Also, a method was utilized to determine the porosity content of a composite lay-up by processing micrograph images of the laminate. A free software package was utilized to process micrograph images of the test sample. The results from the image processing method were compared with existing data. Beam profile was characterized in unidirectional CFRP（carbon fiber reinforced plastics） using pitch-catch Rayleigh probes and the one-sided pitch-catch technique was utilized to produce C-scan images with the aid of the automatic scanner.

A study of long-term sea level variability in the East China Sea

From the analyses of the satellite altimeter Maps of Sea Level Anomaly （MSLA） data, tidal gauge sea level data and historical sea level data, this paper investigates the long-term sea level variability in the East China Sea （ECS）. Based on the correlation analysis, we calculate the correlation coefficient between tidal gauge and the closest MSLA grid point, then generate the map of correlation coefficient of the entire ECS. The results show that the satellite altimeter MSLA data is effective to observe coastal sea level variability. An important finding is that from map of correlation coefficient we can identify the Kuroshio. The existence of Kuroshio decreases the correlation between coastal and the Pacific sea level. Kurishio likes a barrier or a wall, which blocks the effect of the Pacific and the global change. Moreover, coastal sea level in the ECS is mainly associated with local systems rather than global change. In order to calculate the long-term sea level variability trend, the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） method is applied to derive the trend on each MSLA grid point in the entire ECS. According to the 2-D distribution of the trend and rising rate, the sea level on the right side of the axis of Kuroshio rise faster than in its left side. This result supports the barrier effect of Kuroshio in the ECS. For the entire ECS, the average sea level rose 45.0 mm between 1993 and 2010, with a rising rate of （2.5_＋0.4） mm/a which is slower than global average. The relatively slower sea level rising rate further proves that sea level rise in the ECS has less response to global change due to its own local system effect.

A study of sea level variability and its long-term trend in the South China Sea

On the basis of the satellite maps of sea level anomaly（MSLA） data and in situ tidal gauge sea level data,correlation analysis and empirical mode decomposition（EMD） are employed to investigate the applicability of MSLA data,sea level correlation,long-term sea level variability（SLV） trend,sea level rise（SLR） rate and its geographic distribution in the South China Sea（SCS）.The findings show that for Dongfang Station,Haikou Station,Shanwei Station and Zhapo Station,the minimum correlation coefficient between the closest MSLA grid point and tidal station is 0.61.This suggests that the satellite altimeter MSLA data are effective to observe the coastal SLV in the SCS.On the monthly scale,coastal SLV in the western and northern part of SCS are highly associated with coastal currents.On the seasonal scale,SLV of the coastal area in the western part of the SCS is still strongly influenced by the coastal current system in summer and winter.The Pacific change can affect the SCS mainly in winter rather than summer and the affected area mostly concentrated in the northeastern and eastern parts of the SCS.Overall,the average SLR in the SCS is 90.8 mm with a rising rate of（5.0±0.4） mm/a during1993–2010.The SLR rate from the southern Luzon Strait through the Huangyan Seamount area to the Xisha Islands area is higher than that of other areas of the SCS.

SPATIAL VARIATION OF WINTER SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN NORTH PACIFIC AND ITS RELATION TO ATMOSPHERIC OSCILLATION MODES

The spatial variation of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) in the North Pacific Ocean during winter is investigated using the EOF decomposition method.The first two main modes of SSTA are associated with Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) mode and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation(NPGO) mode,respectively.Moreover,the first mode(PDO) is switched to the second mode(NPGO),a dominant mode after mid-1980.The mechanism of the modes' transition is analyzed.As the two oceanic modes are forced by the Aleutian Low(AL) and North Pacific Oscillation(NPO) modes,the AR-1 model is further used to examine the possible effect and mechanism of AL and NPO in generating the PDO and NPGO.The results show that compared to the NPO,the AL plays a more important role in generating the NPGO mode since the 1970s.Likewise,both the AL and NPO affect the PDO mode since the 1980s.

Sensitivity of intrinsic mode functions of Lorenz system to initial values based on EMD method

Extreme sensitivity to initial values is an intrinsic character of chaotic systems. The evolution of a chaotic system has a spatiotemporal structure containing quasi-periodic changes of different spatiotemporal scales. This paper uses an empirical mode decomposition （EMD） method to decompose and compare the evolution of the time-dependent evolutions of the x-component of the Lorenz system. The results indicate that the sensitivity of intrinsic mode function （IMF） component is dependent on initial values, which provides some scientific evidence for the possibility of long-range climatic prediction.

不同粗蛋白质水平对白王种鸽繁殖性能和乳鸽生长性能的影响

试验旨在探究“2+2”生产模式下不同粗蛋白质水平对白王种鸽繁殖性能和乳鸽生长性能的影响。试验选取产蛋性能相近的300日龄健康种鸽168对,随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复6对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为13.43%、15.04%、16.64%和18.25%的饲粮。试验期46 d,其中孵化期18 d (1~18 d),哺乳期28 d (19~46 d)。结果显示,试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组产蛋间隔显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组种蛋受精率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组入孵蛋孵化率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.01)。试验Ⅲ组乳鸽28日龄体重显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),乳鸽屠宰率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),乳鸽胸肌率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组窝料重比1极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。研究表明,不同粗蛋白质水平影响了种鸽的繁殖性能、乳鸽的生长性能以及窝料重比,在“2+2”生产模式下,建议白王种鸽饲粮适宜粗蛋白质水平为16.64%。

县域统筹乡村建设的模式与策略研究

我国乡村发展呈现网络化与多元化并进的新格局,乡村建设进入增数量与提质量并重的新阶段,但也表现出投入效益不高、供需不匹配、运营压力大等新问题。解决问题的关键,是遵循“人口流动-布局优化-设施建设-运营维护”耦合的逻辑,加强县域层面的乡村建设统筹,因地制宜采取城乡一体化、分区统筹、集中与分散相结合、固定与流动相结合4种主要模式,努力做到4个统筹、处理好4个关系:一是统筹差异化建设目标,处理好“拉长版”与“保底线”的关系;二是统筹各部门专项资金,处理好“条”与“块”的关系;三是统筹全生命周期管理,处理好“建设”与“运维”的关系;四是统筹多主体共同参与,处理好“农民”与“政府”“企业”的关系。

基于高阶滑模算法的飞机架水平控制方法研究

为提高飞机架水平操作过程的自动化水平,该文针对运八飞机在飞行试验过程中所需的飞机架水平操作系统进行设计研究,提出一种基于高阶滑模算法的运八飞机架水平控制及实现方法。该方法基于三点调平机构,在对系统硬件进行设计的基础上,分别对系统支撑装置、驱动电机、电动泵以及千斤顶进行数学建模分析,并基于高阶滑模算法对控制系统以及滑模控制器进行设计。搭建试验平台进行验证,试验结果表明:飞机各支点位置误差在0.5 mm以内,实际运行测试结果与仿真结果误差较小,误差仅为1.9%。该系统能够实现预期目标,调平精度满足技术要求,可为飞机架水平操作提供一种新的发展方向。

基于产教融合的机械专业三层次三维度实践教学体系构建与实践

产教融合将教育链、人才链与产业链、创新链有机衔接,培养面向产业的优质人才,具有深远的现实意义。但是实施过程中,教学、人才、产业以及创新等多种元素和维度发挥的体制机制问题并不十分通畅,往往没有形成长效机制。该文基于浙大宁波理工学院机电与能源工程学院的产教融合实践教学体系建设和实施实践,提出基于产教融合平台的三层次三维度有机融合的机械专业工程实践能力培养模式,将工程实践教学资源拓展为基础实践、产业实践、“双创”实践三个层次,学生、教师、雇主三个维度共同参与、共同评价实践教学效果,建立一套行之有效的运行机制,循环迭代、立体驱动学生工程实践能力的持续提升。建设成效显著,示范作用明显,吸引诸多企业踊跃参与。该文可为地方院校工科类专业开展产教融合的教学实践提供一种比较可行的实施路径。

基于滑模同步控制的履带式作业机全向调平系统研究

针对现有丘陵山区履带式作业机底盘大坡地作业时易侧翻、安全性差的问题,基于“三层车架”式丘陵山区履带式作业机结构方案,设计了一种互联式全向液压调平系统,提出了基于扰动观测器的滑模同步控制方法,降低了单液压缸位置误差以及双液压缸同步误差。AMEsim-Simulink联合仿真结果表明:基于滑模同步位置控制的履带式作业机全向调平系统优于传统PID控制,全向调平中20°横向调平时间减小1.6 s,25°纵向调平时间减小1.8 s,上升时间平均缩短21.8%,调平时间平均缩短35.5%,同步位置控制误差保持在±6×10^(-4) m内。在此基础上,对3层车架式丘陵山区履带式作业机样机进行了实机测试,其中全向调平机身倾角平均误差为2.55%,液压缸平均同步误差为8.2%,测试结果验证了履带式作业机全向调平系统的可行性与优越性。

基于四真三化(FT)的真实项目闯关教学模式实践研究——以实践性课程为例

传统教学方式下教师和学生存在如下困惑,教师不能准确了解学生知识掌握情况,上课不能做到精准讲解学生的不懂之处,量化考核内容不精准;学生学习浅尝辄止、基础不牢、知识点掌握不清等问题。基于FT的真实项目闯关教学模式,每一关均有学习任务和标准,成功闯关会获得积分,学生的通关过程就是学习过程。学生在闯关的过程中不断获得成就,激发了学生的学习兴趣,实现“小步伐、高频率、快反馈”,为提升课程的教学质量提供了操作参考。

水库水位的VMD-CNN-GRU混合预测模型

水库水位预测为其运营、防洪、水资源调度管理提供了重要决策支持.准确可靠的预测对水资源的优化管理起着至关重要的作用.针对水库水位数据的非线性、不稳定性以及复杂的时空特性,提出一种融合自适应变分模态分解(VMD)、卷积神经网络(CNN)和门控循环单元(GRU)的混合水库水位预测模型.VMD通过对水位序列进行分解消除噪声,CNN用于有效提取水位数据的局部特征,GRU用于提取水位数据的深层时间特征.以葠窝水库日水位为例,与多个相关模型对比分析,结果表明:精度方面,新模型在选取的评价指标上均表现最佳;运算效率方面,本文选择的GRU与长短时记忆网络(LSTM)相比,运算效率显著提高.新模型预测的高精度、高运算效率更能满足实际水库水位实时调度的需求.

Noise level estimation method with application to EMD-based signal denoising

This paper proposes a new signal noise level estimation approach by local regions. The estimated noise variance is applied as the threshold for an improved empirical mode decomposition（EMD） based signal denoising method. The proposed estimation method can effectively extract the candidate regions for the noise level estimation by measuring the correlation coefficient between noisy signal and a Gaussian filtered signal. For the improved EMD based method, the situation of decomposed intrinsic mode function（IMFs） which contains noise and signal simultaneously are taken into account. Experimental results from two simulated signals and an X-ray pulsar signal demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve better performance than the conventional EMD and wavelet transform（WT） based denoising methods.

Segmented second algorithm of empirical mode decomposition

A new algorithm, named segmented second empirical mode decomposition （EMD） algorithm, is proposed in this paper in order to reduce the computing time of EMD and make EMD algorithm available to online time-frequency analysis. The original data is divided into some segments with the same length. Each segment data is processed based on the principle of the first-level EMD decomposition. The algorithm is compared with the traditional EMD and results show that it is more useful and effective for analyzing nonlinear and non-stationary signals.