Concurrent Two-Scale Topology Optimization of Thermoelastic Structures Using a M-VCUT Level Set Based Model of Microstructures

By analyzing the results of compliance minimization of thermoelastic structures,we observed that microstructures play an important role in this optimization problem.Then,we propose to use a multiple variable cutting(M-VCUT)level set-based model of microstructures to solve the concurrent two-scale topology optimization of thermoelastic structures.A microstructure is obtained by combining multiple virtual microstructures that are derived respectively from multiple microstructure prototypes,thus giving more diversity of microstructure and more flexibility in design optimization.The effective mechanical properties of microstructures are computed in an off-line phase by using the homogenization method,and then a mapping relationship between the design variables and the effective properties is established,which gives a data-driven model of microstructure.In the online phase,the data-driven model is used in the finite element analysis to improve the computational efficiency.The compliance minimization problem is considered,and the results of numerical examples prove that the proposed method is effective.

A Hybrid Level Set Optimization Design Method of Functionally Graded Cellular Structures Considering Connectivity

With the continuous advancement in topology optimization and additive manufacturing(AM)technology,the capability to fabricate functionally graded materials and intricate cellular structures with spatially varying microstructures has grown significantly.However,a critical challenge is encountered in the design of these structures–the absence of robust interface connections between adjacent microstructures,potentially resulting in diminished efficiency or macroscopic failure.A Hybrid Level Set Method(HLSM)is proposed,specifically designed to enhance connectivity among non-uniform microstructures,contributing to the design of functionally graded cellular structures.The HLSM introduces a pioneering algorithm for effectively blending heterogeneous microstructure interfaces.Initially,an interpolation algorithm is presented to construct transition microstructures seamlessly connected on both sides.Subsequently,the algorithm enables the morphing of non-uniform unit cells to seamlessly adapt to interconnected adjacent microstructures.The method,seamlessly integrated into a multi-scale topology optimization framework using the level set method,exhibits its efficacy through numerical examples,showcasing its prowess in optimizing 2D and 3D functionally graded materials(FGM)and multi-scale topology optimization.In essence,the pressing issue of interface connections in complex structure design is not only addressed but also a robust methodology is introduced,substantiated by numerical evidence,advancing optimization capabilities in the realm of functionally graded materials and cellular structures.

Buckling Optimization of Curved Grid Stiffeners through the Level Set Based Density Method

Stiffened structures have great potential for improvingmechanical performance,and the study of their stability is of great interest.In this paper,the optimization of the critical buckling load factor for curved grid stiffeners is solved by using the level set based density method,where the shape and cross section(including thickness and width)of the stiffeners can be optimized simultaneously.The grid stiffeners are a combination ofmany single stiffenerswhich are projected by the corresponding level set functions.The thickness and width of each stiffener are designed to be independent variables in the projection applied to each level set function.Besides,the path of each single stiffener is described by the zero iso-contour of the level set function.All the single stiffeners are combined together by using the p-norm method to obtain the stiffener grid.The proposed method is validated by several numerical examples to optimize the critical buckling load factor.

Cumulative effects of excess high-normal alanine aminotransferase levels in relation to new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in China

BACKGROUND Within the normal range,elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To investigate the associations between repeated high-normal ALT measurements and the risk of new-onset MAFLD prospectively.METHODS A cohort of 3553 participants followed for four consecutive health examinations over 4 years was selected.The incidence rate,cumulative times,and equally and unequally weighted cumulative effects of excess high-normal ALT levels(ehALT)were measured.Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the association between the cumulative effects of ehALT and the risk of new-onset MAFLD.RESULTS A total of 83.13%of participants with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.The incidence rate of MAFLD showed a linear increasing trend in the cumulative ehALT group.Compared with those in the low-normal ALT group,the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of the equally and unequally weighted cumulative effects of ehALT were 1.651[95%confidence interval(CI):1.199-2.273]and 1.535(95%CI:1.119-2.106)in the third quartile and 1.616(95%CI:1.162-2.246)and 1.580(95%CI:1.155-2.162)in the fourth quartile,respectively.CONCLUSION Most participants with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.Long-term high-normal ALT levels were associated with a cumulative increased risk of new-onset MAFLD.

基于梯度增量level-set方法的复杂物体入水砰击数值模拟

复杂结构物自由表面砰击问题,如空投鱼雷、水空无人航行器潜水和高速船出入水,一直是海洋工程领域的研究热点。本文采用梯度增量level-set和虚拟网格法数值模拟复杂结构物的入水砰击,采用时间半隐式有限差分法求解不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,虚拟网格法可重构复杂结构物界面插值模块并施加无滑移边界条件,梯度增量level-set法可捕捉非线性自由表面翻卷、射流等物理现象。基于以上方法模拟二维圆柱的常速入水砰击,并与试验和数值结果对比,验证本文数值方法的正确性。最后,数值模拟二维船型剖面和飞机剖面的入水砰击,分析了冲击压力、运动响应、压力分布和自由表面运动随入水角度的变化规律。同时,通过模拟可观察到复杂结构浸入水中后的流体分离、射流和小角度空气腔等典型砰击物理现象。

A Synergistic Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method for Educational Institutions Evaluation Using Similarity Measures of Possibility Pythagorean Fuzzy Hypersoft Sets

Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.

Solid Waste Management:A MADM Approach Using Fuzzy Parameterized Possibility Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hypersoft Expert Settings

The dramatic rise in the number of people living in cities has made many environmental and social problems worse.The search for a productive method for disposing of solid waste is the most notable of these problems.Many scholars have referred to it as a fuzzy multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision-making problem using various fuzzy set-like approaches because of the inclusion of criteria and anticipated ambiguity.The goal of the current study is to use an innovative methodology to address the expected uncertainties in the problem of solid waste site selection.The characteristics(or sub-attributes)that decision-makers select and the degree of approximation they accept for various options can both be indicators of these uncertainties.To tackle these problems,a novel mathematical structure known as the fuzzy parameterized possibility single valued neutrosophic hypersoft expert set(ρˆ-set),which is initially described,is integrated with a modified version of Sanchez’s method.Following this,an intelligent algorithm is suggested.The steps of the suggested algorithm are explained with an example that explains itself.The compatibility of solid waste management sites and systems is discussed,and rankings are established along with detailed justifications for their viability.This study’s strengths lie in its application of fuzzy parameterization and possibility grading to effectively handle the uncertainties embodied in the parameters’nature and alternative approximations,respectively.It uses specific mathematical formulations to compute the fuzzy parameterized degrees and possibility grades that are missing from the prior literature.It is simpler for the decisionmakers to look at each option separately because the decision is uncertain.Comparing the computed results,it is discovered that they are consistent and dependable because of their preferred properties.

基于Level Set方法的医学图像分割

对图像分割进行了研究,这是医学图像处理中的关键问题之一.提出了一种结合Fast Marching算法和Watershed变换的医学图像分割方法.首先用非线性扩散滤波对原始图像进行平滑,然后利用Watershed算法对图像进行过度分割,最后用改进的Fast Marching方法对图像进行分割.除此之外,根据区域之间的统计特性的相似度重新定义了Fast Marching方法的速度函数.实验结果表明,该方法能够快速、准确地得到医学图像的分割结果.

Level Set方法及其在两相流数值模拟研究中的应用

本文介绍了一种崭新的捕捉两相流相界面的 Ｌｅｖｅｌ Ｓｅｔ方法，并应用该方法对两种互不相容流体间的平面界面波动现象进行了数值模拟，捕捉到了两相流界面波动过程中的一些复杂现象。计算结果与实验观测现象符合良好，表明这种方法是一种很有前途的两相流数值模拟方法，很值得进一步研究和推广。

用Level Set方法对水下两个气泡运动的数值模拟

利用Level Set方法,三维数值模拟了两个气泡的上升运动.通过改变气泡尺寸及位置,研究气泡对在上升过程中的尾迹流及其相互作用规律.数值模拟准确再现了气泡对的变形、吸引或排斥行为,气泡上升速度计算结果与经验关联式结果吻合;气泡周围的速度场揭示了两个气泡尾迹流的流体动力学作用;对于水平或垂直放置的气泡对,当下方气泡有大于50%的投影面积进入到上方气泡的尾流区时,两个气泡将发生聚并现象.

基于Level Set方法的曲线演化

Level Set方法是一种描述曲线以曲率相关的速度演化的有力工具,最近几年在医学图像处理、自然现象的模拟以及计算机视觉等领域得到了广泛的应用.其中,曲线演化后的平滑算法和轮廓跟踪方法是Level Set方法实际应用中的两个关键算法.给出了一种平滑Level Set距离函数的简单方法.该方法只采用内插值的方式,消除平面上的全部孤立点以及部分可能产生歧义的点,在允许存在部分冗余点的情况下,利用曲线轮廓跟踪算法,得到平面上所有曲线的轮廓.经过实验验证,该方法简单、高效,适应范围广.

Level set方法在空化流动计算中的应用(英文)

文章将Level set方法应用于自然空化与通气空化流动计算中,通过耦合入相间的质量传输方程,建立了一个用于描述气、汽、液多相空化流动的数值模拟方法,分别对绕圆头回转体和Clark-Y型水翼的自然空化流动和绕圆盘的通气空化流动进行了数值模拟研究,并与实验结果进行了对比,研究结果表明:相较常用的多相流模型(mixture model),Lev-el set方法通过时间和空间上的压缩离散方案,减小了相间界面的扩散,准确地捕捉到了相间的界面,可以有效地运用于空化多相流动。

求解不可压缩两相流的复合Level Set-VOF方法

目前,不可压缩两相流问题的数值求解方法主要有VOF方法和Level Set方法等.根据CLSVOF方法基本思想,通过将VOF和Level Set两种方法结合,实现了复合Level Set-VOF方法追踪不可压缩两相流相界面的模拟计算;对比分析了VOF、Level Set和复合Level Set-VOF方法计算经典两相流问题的结果.研究结果表明,复合Level Set-VOF方法继承了VOF方法精确构造相界面和Level Set方法精确计算表面张力的优点,能够有效削弱两相流求解过程中出现的虚假流动问题,因此可以更加精确地求解不可压缩两相流问题.

基于八叉树自适应网格技术的Level Set运动界面追踪方法

Level Set方法因能有效地处理界面处复杂的拓扑结构变化以及大变形问题,广泛应用于界面追踪领域。在Level Set方法追踪运动界面时引入八叉树网格技术,通过八叉树网格的细化和粗化技术减少计算网格数量和计算内存并提高计算效率和计算精度。因为八叉树网格为非均匀网格,其相邻网格的层数值可能不相同,所以不能直接采用WENO格式离散Level Set函数得到网格处的函数值,进而提出八叉树网格离散模型解决这一问题,并提出基于八叉树网格距离场重新初始化方法减少Level Set方法的质量损失,最后将基于八叉树网格技术的Level Set方法应用于两个给定速度场的运动界面模拟算例以及基准件方腔的铸造充型过程的模拟。模拟结果表明该方法可以提高界面的精度,同时改善质量守恒性。

基于Level set方法的微观水驱油模拟分析

通过引入Level set方法,构建两相界面运移数学表征方法,结合Navier-Stokes方程建立两相微观渗流数学模型,借助有限元方法进行求解,并利用微观玻璃刻蚀模型驱替实验验证数值模拟结果。结果表明,基于该渗流数学模型的数值模拟结果与实验结果的吻合度很高。利用Navier-Stokes方程并结合Level set方法实现了两相流体驱替的微观数值模拟,从而为研究微观两相渗流特征及驱油机理提供了一种新方法。在不等径并联喉道单元模型基础上,进行了不同驱替条件下的数值模拟计算,分析了发生孔隙尺度两相窜流的临界喉道直径比的变化特征,结果表明驱替压差及油水两相黏度比越大,越容易发生微观窜流,更易导致在较小喉道中形成微观残余油。本文研究结果为微观水驱油机理的进一步研究奠定了基础。

界面捕捉Level Set方法的(AMR)数值模拟

在流体力学方程的计算中采用高精度WENO格式,用AMR(adaptive mesh refinement)方法提高流场局部分辨率,在采用Level Set函数标定物质界面的计算中用GFM(ghost fluid method)方法进行界面处理,尝试将AMR技术与界面追踪技术相互融合并应用于数值模拟,对不同的模拟结果进行了比较.

充模过程的Level Set两相流模拟

采用Level Set两相流方法模拟了熔体充模过程,避免了处理复杂的边界以及用Ghost方法将熔体内的速度值外推到熔体外的情况。分别对型腔水平中面与垂直中面的充模过程进行了模拟。讨论了不同注射速度、不同注射口数量以及不同Reynolds数对充模过程的影响,得出了不同时刻各种情况下熔体界面的位置与充模过程刚结束时型腔内的压力分布,分析了熔体在型腔内运动的不同阶段的特点及形成不同阶段的原因。结果表明,在注射口宽度与型腔宽度相差不大的情况下,如果采用中低速充模,则整个充模运动过程以比较平稳的扩展性运动为主,充模较完全,熔体不发生破裂,制件效果较好。充模速度越大,熔体达到平稳流动的时间越短,充模过程越短。数值模拟结果与实验结果一致,同时表明Level Set两相流方法在求解拓扑性质发生较大变化问题时具有很大的优势。

基于Level Set法铸造充型过程气-液两相流数值模拟

针对目前铸造充型流动模拟最为常见VOF方法的不足,建立了基于Level Set方法的气-液两相流数学模型及求解方法。应用所建立的模型,模拟了气泡的运动过程,并通过水模拟试验进行了验证,模拟结果表明,Level Set方法可以有效地模拟铸造充型过程中的气-液两相流动,是铸造模拟技术发展的新方向。

界面追踪的Level Set和Particle Level Set方法

Level Set方法是20世纪90年代很流行的界面追踪技术,国外已有个别实例将此方法应用于不可压缩流体的计算。但其对界面具有抹圆的作用,造成梯度很大的界面失真。Particle Level Set方法可以弥补这一缺陷。本文首先介绍了这两种界面追踪的方法。然后采用五阶WENO格式离散空间导数,并采用三阶 TVD Runge Kutta方法离散时间导数,用计算机Fortran语言建立了界面追踪的模型。最后通过平移流场中的同心方框、旋转流场中的缺口圆和剪切流场中圆的三维界面的追踪算例,对两种方法进行了对比验证。同时,用剪切流场中圆的算例对比了 Particle Level Set和单纯拉哥朗日方法。结果表明,Particle Level Set对界面的描述更为精细,可以用于大梯度的界面追踪;Particle Level Set和单纯拉哥朗日方法的结果很接近。

Level-set法在液体晃荡研究中的应用

Level-set法是一种简便、通用、高效的计算分析空间运动界面的数值方法,本文尝试性地将Level-set方法应用于液体晃荡的研究,详细论述了应用该方法模拟液体晃荡的数学模型及数值解法。为了验证该方法处理晃荡问题的正确合理性,首先在势流假定下模拟了释放初始液面引起的自由晃荡,并将液面波动的数值结果与理论解析解进行了比较;然后模拟了二维矩形液箱做简谐横摇运动引起的液体受迫晃荡,计算结果以箱壁不同高度处的压强时间历经给出,并与实验结果进行了定量比较。计算结果初步表明采用Level-set方法研究液体晃荡现象是正确可行的。