The Outlandish~1 Adventures of Liberty Aimes 《艾梅斯奇遇记》Liberty Aimes has spent all of her ten years captive2 in her parents'old house.One day,she runs away from her home and tries to find the famous Sullivan...The Outlandish~1 Adventures of Liberty Aimes 《艾梅斯奇遇记》Liberty Aimes has spent all of her ten years captive2 in her parents'old house.One day,she runs away from her home and tries to find the famous Sullivan School.She can live and go to school there.利伯蒂·艾梅斯在父母的老房子里度过了十年的囚禁生活。一天,她离家出走,然后尝试去寻找著名的沙利文学校。她可以住在那里,还可以在那儿上学。展开更多
Shoppers,crowding into the West End of Londonyesterday for the start of sales,answered demands fromthe police to use public transportation rather than theircars.They also decided not to invite danger,after thebursting...Shoppers,crowding into the West End of Londonyesterday for the start of sales,answered demands fromthe police to use public transportation rather than theircars.They also decided not to invite danger,after thebursting of a bomb in the West End on Christmasevening,by not waiting in line outside the shops.“Iwould have been very worried of what they had.”saidMr Harry Weblin,manager of Liberty’s.Last night the police,which operated a big actionincluding special searches outside the main shops,spoke highly of the common sense of the展开更多
Racial discrimination remains a prevalent issue in the contemporary U.S.despite efforts to promote equality.Many young African American and Hispanic males are easy target for law enforcement agents.Minorities experien...Racial discrimination remains a prevalent issue in the contemporary U.S.despite efforts to promote equality.Many young African American and Hispanic males are easy target for law enforcement agents.Minorities experience a higher and more unfair form of racial discrimination,racial profiling,police brutality,unfair sentencing,and mass incarceration for offences which are the same or less than those committed by White males.The rate of incarceration in the United States is five to eight times higher than most developed countries,and Black males constitute the largest percentage of inmates in the U.S.prison system.Once arrested,Black Americans are more likely to remain in prison longer,and await trial for minor offenses at a higher rate than Whites.Black and Latino males sentenced in state and federal courts face significantly greater odds of incarceration than White offenders for the same or even higher crimes.Vagins and McCurdy in a 2006 ACLU on“cracks in the system”reported that“There is no rational medical or penological reason for the 100:1 disparity between crack and powder cocaine and instead it causes an unjustified racial disparity in our penal system”(p.7).There is a racial disparity in the proportion of Black males in prison serving sentences of life without the possibility of parole(LWOP).In addition,The United States Criminal Justice System needs to be carefully examined as a top priority agenda needing immediate call of action that needs reform to guarantee the constitutional rights accorded to every American“with liberty and justice for all”.展开更多
In recent years, Xing'an larch (Larix gmelinii) has been seriously infected by pests and drought. In order to improve the accuracy of monitoring the damage to larch by remote sensing (RS) and to predict the healt...In recent years, Xing'an larch (Larix gmelinii) has been seriously infected by pests and drought. In order to improve the accuracy of monitoring the damage to larch by remote sensing (RS) and to predict the health of the larch, We studied fire reflectance features of larch needles under different water conditions at the needle level by using the LIBERTY (Leaf Incorporating Biochemistry Exhibiting Reflectance and Transmittance Yields) model. Before applying the LIBERTY model, we recalibrated it for the needles of L. gmelinii based on ten field-measured spectral curves. After recalibration, LIBERTY can accurately model the needle reflectance spectra of L. gmelinii. Based on the recalibrated LIBERTY model, we extracted and analyzed the sensitive bands to needle water content by simulating the needle reflectance spectra under different drought conditions. Then, we established mathematical equations between the spectral indices (MSI, NDWI, and GVMI) and needle water content. Results show that the variations of larch needle water content can significantly change the needle spectra at the near-infrared and short-wave infrared bands. The higher the water content is, the higher the absorption peak is. We believe that our study will provide the theoretical basis and an optional method to investigate the forest water stress using multi-spectral or hyper-spectral remote sensing data.展开更多
Peaceful living has become increasingly difficult to attain in today’s world of globalization, modernization, mechanization, and competition for existing resources on all levels. Conflicts and violence are intensifie...Peaceful living has become increasingly difficult to attain in today’s world of globalization, modernization, mechanization, and competition for existing resources on all levels. Conflicts and violence are intensified due to population explosion, food insecurity, climate change, ecological and economic disaster, political and religious differences, and wars over territories and scarce resources. Additionally, health concerns are increasing, which can be partially linked to our current chemical-oriented agricultural and industrial practices. Furthermore, diverse life species are endangered from habitat loss, urbanization, and farming. By losing natural land and native species, we are losing ecosystem diversity. In an era when our planetary existence is threatened, what are the world’s communities doing to save our collective existence? This paper, based on India’s intellectual traditions, proposes a conceptual model or a system of philosophy of three related categories-diversity, ethics, and peace-for understanding diversity and differences at all levels of existence, individual (biological), collective (socio-cultural), and planetary (cosmological). The main purpose is to make this interdisciplinary study part of an educational philosophy for the creation of civilized societies that will value all lives on the basis of equitability, and recognize ethics of dignity, respect, liberty, justice, and peace.展开更多
While fundamental individual rights are unquestionably taken as subjective rights, the same does not happen with fundamental social rights. If they are subjective rights, they are justiciable. The main argument in fav...While fundamental individual rights are unquestionably taken as subjective rights, the same does not happen with fundamental social rights. If they are subjective rights, they are justiciable. The main argument in favor of this understanding is based on liberty. The main argument against is the so called formal argument. In relation to the pro argument, liberty can be either juridical or factual. Juridical liberty has no value without factual liberty, because the right to liberty is only put into practice if one has the factual preconditions for its exercise. The argument against is that their justiciability displaces the competence of the elaboration of public politics from Legislative and Executive to Judiciary Power, what violates the principles of separation of powers and democracy. Nevertheless they are subjective rights indeed, but special ones: they are primafacie subjective rights. There is only one subjective right that is a priori considered definitive: the right to Existenzminimum) Its content is not settled, but it is quite unequivocal that the rights to simple housing, fundamental education and minimum level of medical assistance are part of it. Existenzminimum is then related to the minimum necessary for factual liberty. Against the justiciability of fundamental social rights, there are also arguments related to juridification of politics, administrative discretion and the possible reserve clause. The counter-arguments refer to original and exceptional competence, necessary objective proof of state's economical incapability, prohibition of State's will, principles of legality and of non-obviation o f Judiciary jurisdiction, Existenzminimun guarantee.展开更多
文摘The Outlandish~1 Adventures of Liberty Aimes 《艾梅斯奇遇记》Liberty Aimes has spent all of her ten years captive2 in her parents'old house.One day,she runs away from her home and tries to find the famous Sullivan School.She can live and go to school there.利伯蒂·艾梅斯在父母的老房子里度过了十年的囚禁生活。一天,她离家出走,然后尝试去寻找著名的沙利文学校。她可以住在那里,还可以在那儿上学。
文摘Shoppers,crowding into the West End of Londonyesterday for the start of sales,answered demands fromthe police to use public transportation rather than theircars.They also decided not to invite danger,after thebursting of a bomb in the West End on Christmasevening,by not waiting in line outside the shops.“Iwould have been very worried of what they had.”saidMr Harry Weblin,manager of Liberty’s.Last night the police,which operated a big actionincluding special searches outside the main shops,spoke highly of the common sense of the
文摘Racial discrimination remains a prevalent issue in the contemporary U.S.despite efforts to promote equality.Many young African American and Hispanic males are easy target for law enforcement agents.Minorities experience a higher and more unfair form of racial discrimination,racial profiling,police brutality,unfair sentencing,and mass incarceration for offences which are the same or less than those committed by White males.The rate of incarceration in the United States is five to eight times higher than most developed countries,and Black males constitute the largest percentage of inmates in the U.S.prison system.Once arrested,Black Americans are more likely to remain in prison longer,and await trial for minor offenses at a higher rate than Whites.Black and Latino males sentenced in state and federal courts face significantly greater odds of incarceration than White offenders for the same or even higher crimes.Vagins and McCurdy in a 2006 ACLU on“cracks in the system”reported that“There is no rational medical or penological reason for the 100:1 disparity between crack and powder cocaine and instead it causes an unjustified racial disparity in our penal system”(p.7).There is a racial disparity in the proportion of Black males in prison serving sentences of life without the possibility of parole(LWOP).In addition,The United States Criminal Justice System needs to be carefully examined as a top priority agenda needing immediate call of action that needs reform to guarantee the constitutional rights accorded to every American“with liberty and justice for all”.
基金supported by the program "Biodiversity and Forest Pest Problem in Northeast China (1114201)" between Beijing Forestry University and Helsinki Universitythe Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities (PCSIRT0607)Science Foundation for the Young Scholars of Beijing Forestry University
文摘In recent years, Xing'an larch (Larix gmelinii) has been seriously infected by pests and drought. In order to improve the accuracy of monitoring the damage to larch by remote sensing (RS) and to predict the health of the larch, We studied fire reflectance features of larch needles under different water conditions at the needle level by using the LIBERTY (Leaf Incorporating Biochemistry Exhibiting Reflectance and Transmittance Yields) model. Before applying the LIBERTY model, we recalibrated it for the needles of L. gmelinii based on ten field-measured spectral curves. After recalibration, LIBERTY can accurately model the needle reflectance spectra of L. gmelinii. Based on the recalibrated LIBERTY model, we extracted and analyzed the sensitive bands to needle water content by simulating the needle reflectance spectra under different drought conditions. Then, we established mathematical equations between the spectral indices (MSI, NDWI, and GVMI) and needle water content. Results show that the variations of larch needle water content can significantly change the needle spectra at the near-infrared and short-wave infrared bands. The higher the water content is, the higher the absorption peak is. We believe that our study will provide the theoretical basis and an optional method to investigate the forest water stress using multi-spectral or hyper-spectral remote sensing data.
文摘Peaceful living has become increasingly difficult to attain in today’s world of globalization, modernization, mechanization, and competition for existing resources on all levels. Conflicts and violence are intensified due to population explosion, food insecurity, climate change, ecological and economic disaster, political and religious differences, and wars over territories and scarce resources. Additionally, health concerns are increasing, which can be partially linked to our current chemical-oriented agricultural and industrial practices. Furthermore, diverse life species are endangered from habitat loss, urbanization, and farming. By losing natural land and native species, we are losing ecosystem diversity. In an era when our planetary existence is threatened, what are the world’s communities doing to save our collective existence? This paper, based on India’s intellectual traditions, proposes a conceptual model or a system of philosophy of three related categories-diversity, ethics, and peace-for understanding diversity and differences at all levels of existence, individual (biological), collective (socio-cultural), and planetary (cosmological). The main purpose is to make this interdisciplinary study part of an educational philosophy for the creation of civilized societies that will value all lives on the basis of equitability, and recognize ethics of dignity, respect, liberty, justice, and peace.
文摘While fundamental individual rights are unquestionably taken as subjective rights, the same does not happen with fundamental social rights. If they are subjective rights, they are justiciable. The main argument in favor of this understanding is based on liberty. The main argument against is the so called formal argument. In relation to the pro argument, liberty can be either juridical or factual. Juridical liberty has no value without factual liberty, because the right to liberty is only put into practice if one has the factual preconditions for its exercise. The argument against is that their justiciability displaces the competence of the elaboration of public politics from Legislative and Executive to Judiciary Power, what violates the principles of separation of powers and democracy. Nevertheless they are subjective rights indeed, but special ones: they are primafacie subjective rights. There is only one subjective right that is a priori considered definitive: the right to Existenzminimum) Its content is not settled, but it is quite unequivocal that the rights to simple housing, fundamental education and minimum level of medical assistance are part of it. Existenzminimum is then related to the minimum necessary for factual liberty. Against the justiciability of fundamental social rights, there are also arguments related to juridification of politics, administrative discretion and the possible reserve clause. The counter-arguments refer to original and exceptional competence, necessary objective proof of state's economical incapability, prohibition of State's will, principles of legality and of non-obviation o f Judiciary jurisdiction, Existenzminimun guarantee.